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Presents

TSP HSE DEPARTMENT

RADIATION AWARENESS

RADIATION AWARENESS

DANGERRADIOACTIVE

RADIATION

Labeling, Transport , Storage

What is radiation?

Effect on Health

Protection against exposure

Conclusion

RADIOGRAPHY

Radiation is all around us. It occurs

naturally or can be produced

artificially. Ex.: light, lasers, the

sun, x-ray machine, TV transmitters

and radioactive material.

Radiation: energy emitted from a

source as waves or particles, which

is transmitted through space.

What is it?

THE PHYSICS OF RADIATION

RADIATION AWARENESS

TYPES OF IONISING RADIATION

Exposure: measure of the ionisation produced in air by gamma rays.

Dose: measure of energy deposited by radiation in a material

(measure of the ionisation produced in air by gamma rays)

or of the relative biological damage produced by that amount

of energy given the nature of the radiation.

Effect on Health

RADIATION AWARENESS

Mechanism of damage: radiation causes atoms and

molecules to become ionised or excited. It can result

in damage to molecules which regulate vital cell

processes.

Interaction of radiation with matter:

the relative amount of damage to the cell and tissue of

a person exposed to radiation depends on the energy

deposited.

Biological effects depend on dose and time.

RADIATION AWARENESS

Effect on Health

• Effect of acute high radiation dose: from disruption of the function to death.

• Effect of low radiation doses: development of some form of cancer.• Gamma rays may cause damage to deep-seated organs and tissues

without being in the body. They are internal & external hazard to the

body.

• Gamma rays are high penetrating.

None of the 5 human senses are able to detect ionising radiation.None of the 5 human senses are able to detect ionising radiation. Effect on Health

RADIATION AWARENESS

IONISING RADIATION - BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS

3 types of effects from ionising radiation3 types of effects from ionising radiation

RADIATION AWARENESS

TSP HSE DEPARTMENT

Exposure to radiation is minimized by applying the principles of external radiation protection:

• Keep TIME of exposure to a minimum.

• Maximize the DISTANCE between yourself and the source of radiation as much as possible.

• Keep adequate SHIELDING material between the source of radiation and yourself.

Protection against exposure

RADIATION AWARENESS

IONISING RADIATION - DOSE RATES

RADIATION AWARENESS

CONTROLLED AREA

The controlled area should be demarcated by a physical barrier,

e.g. a rope or bunting at the 7.5 micro Sievert per hour boundary.

Flashing lights should also be used to mark the controlled area

where the work is carried out. When establishing boundaries,

monitoring should be carried out at, above and below floor level.

Access should be restricted and suitable warning signs displayed.

RADIATION AWARENESS

Protection against exposure

SAFE WORKING PRACTICES• Procedure must be prepared, including contingency plan.

• Appointed Radiation Protection Supervisor.

• Permit To Work.

• Work carried out at optimum times when practicable.

• Controlled area marked at 7.5 micro Sv / h boundary using rope barriers or bunting.

• Suitable warning notices to be displayed.

• Restricted access.

• Use of flashing lights whilst shooting.

• Monitoring: personnel dosimeter, film badges.

Protection against exposure

RADIATION AWARENESS

IONISING RADIATION - SAFE WORKING PRACTICES

RADIATION AWARENESS

MARKING:

All equipment and packages containing radioactive substances must be labeled with the radiation trefoil.

STORAGE:

Stores should be properly constructed, e.g. strong boxes in fenced off areas (bomb pits) or in self-contained protective boxes, located as far away from personnel as possible.

All stores should be regularly monitored.

Radiation level at the nearest accessible point should be less than 7.5 micro Sievert / hour

Labeling, Transport and Storage

RADIATION AWARENESS

Here, radioactive substances are available as sealed sources.

Sealed sources are held within a robust container designed to

isolate the source from the external environment.

Radioactive substances, when not in use, must be stored in a locked,

protective receptacle, suitably labeled, solely reserved for

radioactive substances and designed in accordance with current

legislation.

Labeling, Transport and Storage

RADIATION AWARENESS

Labeling, Transport and Storage

RADIATION AWARENESS

RADIOGRAPHY

conclusion

KEEP AWAY !

RADIATION AWARENESS

Thank you Thank you for your for your

attention.attention.

Thank you Thank you for your for your

attention.attention.