March 22, 2016Big Data, Deep Learning, and New Roles of
Cognitive Systems in Human WorldErin M. Burke, J.D., M.S.D. Frank
Hsu, Ph.D.
Evolution of AI in ChessMariano Kamp, Creative Commons
Attribution License
19851989
Chiptest (Carnegie Mellon)50,000 moves/sec
Chiptest-M500,000 moves/secWins first world championship,
Kasparov easily defeats19871988
Deep Thought 0.01, 0.02720,000 moves/sec
19901993
Move to Yorktown Heights,2MM positions/second, increased efforts
on parallel search algorithm
Renamed Deep Blue
1991Increased processing power, 6-7MM positions per second, Deep
Thought II, ACM World ChampDefeats Kasparov,100MM
positions/second1997
Deep Blue ChoicesEvaluation algorithm measures the "goodness" of
a given chess position:material position King safetytempoSelective
SearchingPruning, not brute forceParallel computingJames Gardner,
Creative Commons Attribution License
Deep Blue v. WatsonDifferent technologies, different skills.
Sheer computing v. cognition.
Stephen Baker, author of Final JeopardyWatson is a far more
sophisticated program than Deep Blue, because it's closer to
mastering kindergarten (though still far away)
Big Data 4 VsVolumeVarietyVelocityVeracity
Deep LearningTrain Artificial Neural Networks on Big Data -
audio, pictures, ANN: learning and reinforcementClusteringExamine
Enormous number of examples-> not hand-coded rules based (better
on GPUs) Layers of algorithms, themselves discovered by sheer
processing power
Wikimedia Commons
AlphagoGO: self-ignorance-> knowing more than we can tell is
difficult to program. Needs to learn on its own, and therefore use
deep learning.Difference with chess:Too many choices for even the
fastest computers Difficult to assess where to startFed millions of
examples learning and then played against itself to learn more
reinforcement
ApplicationsSpeech recognitioncredit card fraud
detectionradiology finance: temporal signals - 3D view of trends,
patterns across different time scales
Fuzzy Logic ApplicationE-mailing StudentsGoal: Use correct tone
in email to students
