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Access Geography
Unit 2Lesson 1:
Introduction to Population
Learning Objectives:
• Feedback from Unit 1• Course outline• Define key population terms• Describe global distribution patterns• Analyse the factors• Describe population milestones
Unit 2
This follows naturally from the study of settlements.
• Look at patterns and trends in global population• Examine key statistical indicators• Examine different ways of representing these
statistics graphically• Show how these vary in countries with differing
levels of economic development• Explain the reasons for contrasts between these
countries• Look at migration patterns• Examine urban issues in developing and less
developed countries
Population key terms
• What are the key geographical concepts?• Time, space and scale• Population numbers, structures and
movements, change over time, space and scale
• Micro (local)• Meso (regional)• Macro (global)
Key terms
You need to match the 25 population terms to their
definitions
There are 25 of them
Population Density vs. distribution
Population density=Total number of people Area km2
Natural increase
- =NI
We are looking at the Crude birth rate and crude death rate so what will the units of N.I be?
The DTM
Economically active, Non active and dependant
population
Economically active
Economically non active
Dependant population
Dependancy ratio is the ratio between
A high dependancy ratio
A low dependancy ratio
Can you work out a dependency ratio
1. New Zealand total population 4,268,90023% less than 16 and 12% more than 65.What is there dependency ratio?
2. Here are some statistics on Japan’s population, What is their dependency ratio?
Replacement ratio
In MEDCsOn average each woman needs to have 2.1 childern to keep the population size the same
In LEDCs the number is more like 2.3
Why is there this difference?
Migration balanceThis the difference between the number
of people leaving (emigrants) and the number of people arriving (immigrants)
- = Migration Balance
Crude Birth and Death rates
• Crude rates tell you the number of births and deaths in a country per 1000 members of the population.
• This is essential if we want to know whether the population is growing or shrinking (Natural Increase)
BUT THEY CAN BE MISLEADING…
Hungary
Population: 10 millionBirths every year:9,900CBR=
Somalia
Population: 10 million
Births every year: 410,000
CBR=The Crude Birth rate does not give us a great picture of the number of children women are having in a country
Fertility rate gives us a better picture of how many children women are having at any one time in a country
Fertility rate for Hungary 1.3
Fertility rate for Somalia 6.1
World population density• This is a dot map to represent global population density and distribution.
What factors have influenced this distribution?
Construct a pie chart• Land makes up 30% of the earths surface• Of this, only 11% is habitable• So where does everybody live?• Where do they move from/to?• Use these stats to construct a pie chart:• 23% lacking minerals• 28% too dry• 11% habitable• 6% permafrost• 10% waterlogged• 22% soil too thin
What factors influence this distribution pattern?
Can we put them into two categories?
Discuss how each factor can influence distribution?
Population changes in time
• Populations are dynamic and constantly change over time and space. Population change is another example of an open system with inputs, processes and outputs.
births
immigrants emigrants
deathsNaturalchange
migration
Population milestones
• Estimated to be 500 million by 1650• First billion reached in 1802• Second billion in 1928 (after 126 years)• 3 billion in 1961 (33 years)• 6 billion in 1999 (a billion every 13 years)• In 2010 – estimated that worlds population was still growing
by 1.17% yearly
Population projections
Population division of the UNPredicted the world populationin 2050 will be:• 7.3m (low estimate)• 8.9m (medium)• 10.7m (high)• By that time one third of the worlds
population is likely to live either in India or China.
Home Study
1. Choose a country and produce a short summary of how its population is distributed
2. Attempt to produce an explanation of the influencing factors involved in the population density and distribution
This is due next Monday