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This presentation talks about National GeoSpatial Technology Development System in developing countries. This presentation highly stress the importance of open source GIS as a viable option to achieve and overtake technology development in developing countries. Korean cases is also covered here. This presentation was given to foreign delegates who visited Korea to attend NSDI planning training course organized by KRIHS(Korean Research Institute of Human Settlement)
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0925_NDSL_01
Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System
15th, Oct 2012.
Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
0925_NDSL_01
N S D I
South Korea became an aging society in 2000 § It is expected to become an aged society in 2018 § It is expected to become an aged society in 2018
Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
NSDI Contents
1. Concepts 2. Understanding of Current R&D Circumstances 3. Technology Development Models 4. Korean Cases 5. Market SituaLons 6. Open Source GIS 7. Strategies and RecommendaLons 8. Conclusions
0925_NDSL_01
N S D I
South Korea became an aging society in 2000 § It is expected to become an aged society in 2018 § It is expected to become an aged society in 2018
Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
1. Concepts
“ ”
Increasing the fluidity of GeoSpa#al technology and informa#on flows among people, enterprises and ins#tu#ons.
è To enhance innovative performance and overall competitiveness.
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South Korea became an aging society in 2000 § It is expected to become an aged society in 2018 § It is expected to become an aged society in 2018
Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
R&D Process
Inputs - R&D Fund - Human
Resources
Outputs - Patents - Publications
è ‘Linear Model of Innovation’ that more focus on Inputs & Outputs.
2. Understanding of Current R&D Circumstances § TradiLonal Approach
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South Korea became an aging society in 2000 § It is expected to become an aged society in 2018 § It is expected to become an aged society in 2018
Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
Linear Model
Basic Research
Explore New Ideas
Idea Evaluation
Design, Develop,
Test Producing Marketing
R&D Characteristics
High Cost Uncertainty
High Risk
2. Understanding of Current R&D Circumstances § TradiLonal Linear Approach
0925_NDSL_01
South Korea became an aging society in 2000 § It is expected to become an aged society in 2018 § It is expected to become an aged society in 2018
Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
2. Understanding of Current R&D Circumstances § Low R&D Success Rate
Total R&D Investment 100%
Failed R&D 60% Commercialized R&D 40%
Profitable 60%
Non-Profitable 40%
§ Only 40% of R&D Projects is commercialized in spite of high R&D investment
§ In total only 24% of R&D Projects make a penny § R&D success rate has continuously been lowered down due to
shortened life cycle of products & technology
0925_NDSL_01
Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
2. Understanding of Current R&D Circumstances § R&D Cost Curve
• Source : Osawa and Miyazaki, 2006
R&D Valley of Death Sea of Darwin
0925_NDSL_01
N S D I
South Korea became an aging society in 2000 § It is expected to become an aged society in 2018 § It is expected to become an aged society in 2018
Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
2. Understanding of Current R&D Circumstances § Changes on R&D Model
Universities
National R&D
Center Enterprises
R&D Process
è Interactions among actors involved in technology development are as important as investments in R&D
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Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
Research Development
Research
Development Business
From traditional R&D model
To D&B Model
Connect
Business
2. Understanding of Current R&D Circumstances § Changes on R&D Model
0925_NDSL_01
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Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
3. Technology Development Models § Closed Models
Technology Innovation
New Technology
New Product
Revenue & Profit
Increase
Increased R&D
Investment
Inside R&D Ecosystem
• Source : Henry Chesbrough, 2003
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Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
3. Technology Development Models § Closed Models
Closed
Leverage own knowledge
§ Designed and developed by nation inside
§ Leverage inside knowledge, intellectual property, experiences
§ Idling knowledge, limitations of leveraging outside knowledge
In-House Development
è What if we don’t have enough resources, knowledge, and experiences to do own closed innovation?
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Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
3. Technology Development Models § Open Models
End of Knowledge Monopoly Era 1
Mobility of Skilled Person & Technology 2
Increased R&D Cost and Shortened Life Cycle 3
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Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
3. Technology Development Models § Open Models
Internal Resources
External Resources
Quick & Efficient
Development
è Leverage smart people inside & outside of the nation!
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Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
3. Technology Development Models § Open Models
Open
Leverage others knowledge too
§ Designed and developed with other outside partners
§ Inside knowledge + outside knowledge
§ Cost reduction, increase innovation capabilities, shortened response time to market change
Collaborative Development
è Still need human resources or capabilities to coordinate inside & outside knowledge
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Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
4. Korean Cases § R&D Investment by NGIS Plan
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
In Million KRW
1st NGIS : 18.5M US$
2nd NGIS : 20.0M US$
3rd NGIS : 144.7M US$
Total 183.2M US$
è Vision : Development of world class GeoSpatial technology and new growth engine
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Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
4. Korean Cases § Goal of Technology Development at each NGIS Phase
Phase I - Mapping Technology - DBMS Technology - General GIS SW
Phase II - 3D GIS - High Resolution Remote Sensing SW
Phase III - Intelligent Land Information SW - Ubiquitous GIS
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Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
4. Korean Cases § Projects & Outcomes of Technology Development at NGIS Phase I
Title Period Institution in Charge
1. DBMS Independent GIS Basic S/W - GIS API Development - GIS Analysis S/W Development - GIS Operation S/W Development - GIS User Interface Technology Development
1995 ~
1999
Ministry of Science and Technology
2. Mapping Technology Development - Data acquisition and modification S/W development - Data processing and three-dimensional topographic S/W development - Map printing and map design automation S/W development
3. DB Tool - Spatial object management system development - Spatial object storage system development - RDBMS Interface development - OODBMS Interface development
4. GIS System Integration - System integration development - GIS advanced technology monitoring and spread - Public facility management GIS application software development - GIS data editing and integrated management technology development - Internet environment three-dimensional spatial analysis S/W development
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Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
4. Korean Cases § Projects & Outcomes of Technology Development at NGIS Phase II
Title Period Institution in Charge
1. Open GIS component technology development 1999~ 2001
Ministry of Information
and Telecommunic
ation
2. 3-dimensional GIS S/W technology development 2000~ 2002
3. High-precision satellite image processing technology development 2001~ 2003
4. Spatial information(4S)-connected technology support business 2001~ 2003
5. Multi-sensor spatial image information integration technology development 2004~ 2006
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Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
4. Korean Cases § Projects & Outcomes of Technology Development at NGIS Phase III
Title Period Institution in Charge
1. Spatial information infrastructure innovation
2006 ~
2010
Ministry of Land, Transportation and Maritime Affairs
2. Real-time territory monitoring
3. Establishment of intelligent urban space information infrastructure
4. Realization of safe and convenient construction space
5. Induction of u-GIS standard and technology
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Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
4. Korean Cases § Applied Strategies to Develop GeoSpaLal Technology
GeoSpatial Technology
Development
1. Utilizing Foreign Technology
2. Develop Own Technology
3. Mid Entry Strategy
: ESRI, Intergraph, Etc.
: Mapping, DBMS, Etc
: Purchasing GOTHIC SW
è Still around 70% of Korean GIS market is dominated by foreign technologies such as ESRI, Intergraph
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Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
Government
Company Research Inst. University
Research Fund RoyalLes
Market & Customers
Products & Tech Selling Revenue & Profits
• Source : Byungnam Choe, 2011
4. Korean Cases § Ideal & Planned GeoSpaLal Technology Development System in Korea
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Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
• Source : Byungnam Choe, 2011
4. Korean Cases § Reality of Current GeoSpaLal Technology Development System in Korea
Government
Research Institute
University Company
X X Lack of flow Lack of flow
Hard to find outcomes of R&D
No update & further development after R&D
GeoSpatial Market – How to respond to the Market?
Short-term based
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Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
• Source : Byungnam Choe, 2011
4. Korean Cases § ImplicaLons of Korean GeoSpaLal Technology Development System
Closed R&D System - Try to develop almost all the technologies by itself.
1
University & Research Inst. Centric - Heavily rely on traditional linear downstream R&D model.
Ambiguous R&D Goal - Not clear whether it is R&D or D&B. Need to set clear goal.
2
3
Need to leverage outside technology and resources to respond to fast changing market circumstances.
Need to engage more enterprises’ request and enterprise itself in development system.
Need to address R&D and D&B separately. R&D for basic research and D&B for commercialization.
Implications
Need to set up platform to increase the flow of knowledge and dissemination of technology during & after R&D.
Hard to Reuse R&D Outcomes - After R&D project period, finding & reusing R&D outcomes is difficult.
4
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South Korea became an aging society in 2000 § It is expected to become an aged society in 2018 § It is expected to become an aged society in 2018
Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
5. Market Situa#ons § Current Market SituaLons
§ 2.2B US$ revenue(2010) company in Sweden § Merged ERDAS(ER-Mapper included), Intergraph, Leica Geosystems, GeoMax § Most powerful competitor against ESRI
§ Recorded 0.8B US$ revenue(2010) § Around 40% of GIS SW market share. Unofficially affected around 70% market directly
and indirectly(Wikipedia) § 350,000 customers, world wide dealer network around 80 countries, 2,200 partners
§ Boom-up of Open Source GIS § Advent of commercial open source GIS companies like OpenGeo, Simple Geo § Active adoptions in North America, EU and UN § OSGeo foster and promote open source GIS world widely
§ Autodesk and Bentley changed its target market from general GIS SW to domain specific niche market
§ Autodesk, Bentley focus more on CAD, Utility, Engineering, Infrastructure market
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5. Market Situa#ons § Market Growth Trends(Past)
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Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
5. Market Situa#ons § Market Growth Trends(Future)
§ CAGR(Cumulative Annual Growth Rate) of next 5 years from 2010 will be 10.5% § Government, Public, and Utility sector will drive growth. Smart Grid, Insurance, Real Estate, Retail will be
new emerging market § India, China and Brazil will be the power train of market growth
0925_NDSL_01
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Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
6. Open Source GIS § Understanding the CharacterisLcs of GIS
§ GIS = Vertical Set of Many Software • Interoperability is very crucial among components • Linux, Apache, PHP are Horizontal based Software • GIS is Vertical Architecture based one from DB to web client
§ GIS as Public Infrastructure = Spatial Data Infrastructure • Vendor neutral, standard based architecture is very important • Active standardization by ISO, OGC
§ GIS as Lego Block • Active implementation of “Standard Compatibility” • Various GIS SW can be used at the same time by leveraging “Standard”
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6. Open Source GIS § Understanding the CharacterisLcs of GIS
Data
DBMS
Server
Middleware
Interface
Client
Map Image DEM
Oracle PostgreSQL
ArcServer ArcSDE GeoServer MIP
ArcTMS TMS GeoWebCache
WMS WFS WCS CSW
ArcMAP Google Earth QGIS Web
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Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
6. Open Source GIS § Open Source GIS is GIS SW that source code is opened to the public
Freedom Of
Software
Freedom of
Redistribute
Freedom of
Modify
Freedom of
Copy
Freedom of
Use
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Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
6. Open Source GIS § Benefits of Open Source GIS
Develop the society by sharing technology & outcomes!!
1. Technological Aspects
2. Economical Aspects
3. Business Aspects
4. Other Aspects
Rapid development of high-class SW Increased stability by skilled community review Reduce technological gap to leading proprietary SW company Internalize outside SW developer resources
Very low adoption cost Reduce SW development cost Easy to customize Reuse successful story
Extend company’s products portfolio Open up new market by providing diversified services & products Improve brand image of company
Reduce energy Self-Satisfaction Help society
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6. Open Source GIS § Current State and Necessity of Open Source GIS
ü Boom-up of Open Source & Open Source GIS - Around 300 ~ 400 Open Source GIS projects are available (Freegis.org, 2011) ü Advance of Open Source GIS - OSGeo Foundation : Commercial proprietary GIS SW can be replaced with Open Source GIS - Google used Open Source based GDAL in its Google Earth program - AutoDesk opend the source code of MapGuide, FDO & MetaCRS and then donated those to OSGeo - ESRI actively used GDAL and also changed its ArcGIS GeoPortal Server to Open Source based one ü Active adoption of Open Source GIS in UN, EU, USA , Canada and other countries
Current State
ü Want to meet lots of needs of GIS from public sectors ü Want More with Less!! ü Want to replicate other people & institution’s experience ü Want to manage & modify the system by ourselves!!
Necessity
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Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
6. Open Source GIS § Open Source GIS as SubsLtute for Proprietary GIS
ArcReader
ArcMap/ArcGIS
ArcINFO/ArcGRID
ArcPad
ArcSDE
ArcIMS
ArcGIS Server
VB, Python
uDig, GRASS, gvSIG, QGIS, OSSIM
uDig, GRASS, gvSIG, QGIS, OSSIM
GRASS, OSSIM, SEXTANTE
gvSIG mobile
PostGIS
Mapserver, GeoServer, DeeGree
GRASS, SEXTANTE
PHP, Python, Perl, C#.net, etc…
Viewing
Cartography
Analysis
Devices
Database
Web
Spatial Server
Scripting
• Source : Prof. Kwangwoo Nam
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Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
6. Open Source GIS § Open Source GIS based Enterprise GIS Architecture
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6. Open Source GIS § Geo Bolivia Pursuing Open Source GIS based NSDI
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6. Open Source GIS § Hybrid Model by Mixing Proprietary & Open Source GIS
EU : INSPIRE
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6. Open Source GIS § IGN, France
è Managing more than 100M spatial entities using PostGIS
http://www.ign.fr
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6. Open Source GIS § OpenStreetMap
è OSM is made & published by people’s participation!!
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Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
“Know the enemy and know yourself; in a hundred bacles you will never be in peril.”
- ‘The Art of War’ by Sun Tzu
Demand Survey from Various Stakeholders 1
Value Chain Analysis 2
Feasible GeoSpatial Technology Development Test 3
7. Strategies and Recommenda#ons § To Check Current SituaLons
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Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
7. Strategies and Recommenda#ons § Demand Survey
GIS
Geodesy Cartog
raphy
Survey
Land
Mining
Health Agriculture
Environment
Climate
Tourism
Military
• Many Stakeholders • Reflect Nation’s Major Interest • Various Demands • Limited Resources
è To synthesize, review and prioritize the technology development
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Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
7. Strategies and Recommenda#ons § Value Chain Analysis
A. Data Capture Data Processing
B. Management Distribution
C. Analysis Prediction
D. Service Consuming
è To assist in pinpoint the mismatches between demands and technology development
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Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
7. Strategies and Recommenda#ons § Feasible GeoSpaLal Technology Development Test
GeoSpatial Technology
Development
1. Utilizing Foreign Technology
2. Develop Own Technology
3. Mid Entry Strategy
: ESRI, Intergraph, Etc.
: Domain Specific
: Using Open Source GIS
è Need to consider the each nation’s major interest, goal, human resources, capabilities
0925_NDSL_01
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Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
7. Strategies and Recommenda#ons § Mapping the PrioriLes and Strategies
Surveying Mapping Natural Resources Agriculture IT Centric
Proprietary
Open Source
Own Development
Hybrid
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Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
Engage Various Stakeholders -Hear more from stakeholders using survey, interviews and meetings
1
Demand Centric
Divide R&D and D&B -Pinpoint the mismatches between demand and policy
3
Systematic Approach -Need to avoid linear downstream approach -Need to engage more enterprises
2
Try to diffuse and disseminate knowledge & technology among actors!!
8. Conclusions
0925_NDSL_01
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Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
Developing Countries • Limited skilled human resources
• Limited R&D funds
• Small GIS companies
• Unable to target all the fields
• High dependency on proprietary GIS
Overcome Strategies • Leverage outside free resources
• Active adoption of Open Source GIS
• Foster Open Source GIS professionals
• Reduce the dependency on proprietary GIS
• Reduce GIS SW cost using Open Source GIS
Open Source GIS Strategy 8. Conclusions
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Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
Focus Strategy
Targeting Niche Market
Value Adding around Technology
1
2
§ Every country has its own unique invisible assets § Find niche target market that could leverage nation’s resources § Focus resources on the niche market
§ Not only technology create values § Shared knowledge among actors around specific domain could create another values § Ecosystem around specific domain will diffuse the embodied technology
8. Conclusions
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Na#onal GeoSpa#al Technology Development System -‐ Sanghee SHIN([email protected])
Thank you
Q&A