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Created by Jeff Marshall
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J. Marshall 2011
CanadaCanada & the Cold War& the Cold War1945 to 1991:1945 to 1991:Effects on Our AutonomyEffects on Our Autonomy
CanadaCanada & the Cold War& the Cold War1945 to 1991:1945 to 1991:Effects on Our AutonomyEffects on Our Autonomy
The map of post-war
Europe: 1949
The map of post-war
Europe: 1949
NATONATO
SOVIET UNION
SOVIET UNION
The Superpowers knew that a war between themselves was impossible so they used brinkmanship and proxy wars to exercise their competition.
The genie was out of the bottle…The genie was out of the bottle…
Igor Gozenko: 1945Igor Gozenko: 1945• Soviet embassy cipher clerk
• Spy ring in Canada
• Game-on!
Crisis in Europe: Crisis in Europe: Berlin BlockadeBerlin Blockade
• Jun 1948 – May 1949• Stalin• Brinkmanship
Apr 4, 1949Apr 4, 1949: :
Canada signs Canada signs North Atlantic North Atlantic TreatyTreaty
The UN has become "frozen in futility and divided by dissension.”
Minister of Foreign Affairs, Louis St Laurent, summer, 1947
Canada’sCanada’s role in NATO role in NATO• Demobilization after the war
we quickly shrank back to a small military power.
• We committed to provide in western Germany:two
fighter squadrons + an army brigade
• We prepared to fight a blitzkrieg-style mechanized war in western Europe against the Soviets who had an ENORMOUS army.
What would the Cold War look like if it ever heated up?What would the Cold War look like if it ever heated up?
Other Soviet-era threats:Other Soviet-era threats:• BERLIN BLOCKADE,1948 - 49; • SUPPORT FOR THE NORTH IN KOREA,
1950 - 53; • REVOLT IN HUNGARY,1956; • BERLIN WALL, 1961; • CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS, 1961;• DEPLOYED SPIES;• DEVELOPED A NUCLEAR
ARSENAL/ICBMs ;• “TESTED” NATO DEFENSES
ex. OVER-FLIGHTS/SUBS
Multinational Training• Communication
• Equipment/standards
• Tactics/strategy
• The future of international participation
NORADNorth American Air Defence Command
Hitler’s Vengeance Weapons• First “cruise missile”
• Retaliation for bombing raids
• NASA’s forebear
V1 Rocket Plane V2 Ballistic Missile
Werner von Braun
Doodle Bug
ICBM
+ new SLBM
SLBM
SLBM: Trident
Located south of Victoria, Located south of Victoria, BC at Bangor, WashingtonBC at Bangor, Washington
2. Mid-Canada Line
3. DEW Line
1. Pinetree Line
DEW Staffing
• Mostly American
We sent 2 RCAF fighter interceptor squadrons
ARROW vs. BOMARC
Since the Arrow, we’ve bought all of our fighters from the USA
Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis
• The doomsday clock
• Brinkmanship
• NORAD commitment
• Diefenbaker vs. Kennedy
Nuclear Midnight
Frog 7 with Luna MissileFrog 7 with Luna Missile
How Close were Canada’s Nukes?
70 kilometers
Texeda Island
more missiles
(+ more dudes)
more
bombers &
MIRVs
more missiles
(+ more dudes)
more
bombers &
MIRVs
Cruise Missiles fly under RADAR and so cannot be detected: an example of non-traditional
Western technology (not included in SALT 2)
In the 80s, Cruise tests at Cold Lake were a political hot-potato for Cdn PMs.
kinetic @ 23,000 f/s
Peace Movement:
When did
Cda stand up to the
USA?
When did it acquiesce?
NATO
We Disagreed
S.D.I. (Star Wars)
Cuba/P.R. of China
Vietnam
Cuban missile crisis
NORAD / DEW Line
Cruise missile tests
Bomarc vs. Arrow
Accepting nukes
We Agreed
50s50s 90s90s80s80s60s60s 70s70s
Autonomy:
Unarmed Cruise Missile Tests: Cold Lake Weapons Testing Range
Summary:Post-War DefenceSummary:Post-War Defence
• Why would these be included in a unit on Canadian autonomy?– Compare NORAD to the BCATP– What nationality is NATO’s top general?– What nationality is NORAD’s top general?– DEW Line staffing– Defence projects/contracts– Nuclear warheads on Cdn fighters– Cruise missile testing in Canada in the 80s– Foreign policy/defence policy
Post-War Defense ParagraphPost-War Defense Paragraph
• How was Canada’s autonomy affected by post-war defense issues?– Please note that after fighting so hard in
the first half of the 20th century to gain autonomy, we seem to have willingly surrendered some of it to the USA though our participation in NATO and NORAD. Was the trade-off worth it?
Fun Quiz:1. Define NATO:
• What does the acronym stand for?• When was it introduced?• What was the program about?
2. How was Germany governed immediately after the Second World War and how did that change the map of Europe?
end