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Morphology - the study of word formation
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MORPHOLOGYValene Hope Cebuco
Jeffren Pancho Miguel
What is MORPHOLOGY?System of categories and rules involved in
word formation and interpretation.
Two basic goals in studying morphology
• To isolate the component parts of words• To determine the rules by which words are
formed
THE SYNTACTIC CATEGORIESThe Eight Parts of Speech
• Noun• Pronoun• Verb• Adjectives• Adverb• Prepositions• Conjunctions• Articles
MORPHEME
• It is a part of a word that change meanings, make one part of speech into another, and show such grammatical functions as tense and plurality.
Example: buyers
{buy} + {er} + {s}
BOUND AND FREEMorphemes
Bound Morphemes – cannot occur unattached.
Free Morphemes – can stand on its own. (root words and function words)
Ex. glasses glass – free morpheme-es – bound morpheme
FREE MORPHEMESLexical Category (content words)
• Noun• Adverb• Adjectives• Verb
These syntactic categories are also called
OPEN CLASS WORDS.
Grammatical Category (function)
• Pronoun• Conjunction• Preposition• Article
These syntactic categories are also called CLOSED CLASS words
BOUND MORPHEMES
• Affixes (prefixes, suffixes, infixes, circumfixes)
-derivational-inflectional
DERIVATIONALEx. ImpossibleIm- deriv. Possible – root word
INFLECTIONALEight inflectional affixes in English• Plural ( -s, -es)• Possesive (‘s)• Comparative (-er)• Superlative (-est)• Tenses ( -s, -ed)• Participle (-en, -ing)
MORPHOLOGYIdentifying the Morphemes
Word FreeBound
OpenClosed
InflectionalDerivational
Affix(prefix)(suffix)(root)
Insensitivity -in - sense - itive - ity
BoundFreeBoundBound
OpenDerivational
DerivationalDerivational
PrefixRootSuffixSuffix
Disengaged dis- engage -d
BoundFreeBound
OpenDerivational
Inflectional
PrefixRootSuffix
Disengaged (verb)
dis - engaged (verb)
(v) engage -d
Insensitivity (noun)
insensitive (adj) - ity
in - sensitive (adj)
sense - itive
WORD ORIGINS
Etymology – the study of word origins.Lexical gap – nonsense words
RULES ON WORD FORMATION
• Inheritance • Neologisms (Creation de Novo)• Blending• Acronyms– Initialism– Reverse Acronym
• Creation by Shortening•Derivation
- by affixation- Without Affixation
• Compounding• Eponyms
- based on personal names.- based on geographical
names.- names from literature,
myths, and folklore.- based on commercial brand
names.
• Other sources.