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WASH Monitoring Symposium Addis Ababa , Ethiopia, April 2013

Monitoring Rural and Small Towns Water Supply in Thailand: A Focus on Water Quality

Suree Wongpiyachon

Director, Bureau of Food and Water Sanitation Department Of Health Ministry of Public Health Thailand

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Water Supply in Thailand: A short historyThailand has been developing its water supply for over 100 years:1897-1926: King Rama V assigned Metropolitan to provide a

waterworks in Bangkok1927-1956: Health Management Model, Rural Health

Promotion and Survey and Ground Water Development1957-1986: Local Health Development Project began,

Comprehensive Rural Health Project, water supply program for rural areas throughout the Kingdom, Metropolitan Waterworks Authority, Provincial Waterworks Authority state enterprises were established

1982 to 1991: The Decade of Clean Water Supply and Sanitation to Rural areas in Thailand

1987-2000: Extension of rural waterworks systems to cover 70% percentage of all villages

2003: Rural Water Supply Division, DOH restructured and transferred to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

2003-Present: Bureau of Food and Water Sanitation in Department of Health is responsible for Drinking Water Quality (Survillance and Monitoring )

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Drinking Water Category in Thailand (%)

Source : National Statistical Office 2009

Bottle-packed

Water 31.5%

Tap water23.9%

Rain Water34.6%

Natural water/Well water/ Others 10%

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Water Supply Services in Thailand (2009)

Source: Community Development Dept. (Ministry of Interior)

Villages With Water Supply System

4.2 Mil. Households (~21 Mil. People)

Provincial Waterworks

Authorities. 3.26 Mil.

Households (~16.3 Mil. People)

Metropolitan Waterworks Authority

1.9 Mil. Households (~10 Mil. People)

Villages Without Water Supply System

1.3 Mil. Households (~ 6.5 Mil. People)

Municipalities2.4 Mil. Households(~12 Mil. People)

32% 10%

18% 15%25%

Royal Thai Government

Department of Health

Policy – Goal:Safe drinking water

coverage the whole year round of all households.

Bureau ofFood and Water

Sanitation

Drinking Water Quality Development Section1. Surveillance on Drinking Water Quality2. Research and Development Quality and Technology Management

of Drinking Water 3. Certification of Safe Drinking Water for Tap Water Supplies4. Technology Transfer and Human Resource Developmentfor households, public places, hospitals, schools, child care, health center, drinking water distributors, emergency incidence and vulnerable areas

Safe Water Supply

Ministry Of Natural

Resource And Environment

Ministry of Public Health

5

20

40

60

80

100

96.5%80.0%

Urban Rural

56.7%

SatisfactoryIn accordance with DOH’s Drinking WaterQuality Standard (Dept.of Health, 2000)

Bangkok Province

Municipality

Bacteria

Unsatisfactoy

ColorTurbidity Fe

BacteriaNO3-

pH

Turbidity

Color

Bacteria

80%

MnAs

F-

Fe

Zn

%

Drinking Water Quality Situation of All Types

of Drinking Water in 2010

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Cause of Water Quality Problems

1. Minerals or heavy metals are naturally present in groundwater.

2. Contamination of Bacteria and impurities

3. Hygienic behavior especially no hand-washing, cleanliness of water container ,tank, jar , vessels for drinking

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Safe Drinking Water Promotion Project 1: Certification Process

Six qualifications before approval1. Water sample collection at 6 areas (public place, school,

temple, market, households)2. Number of water samples3. Frequency of water sampling4. Quality test5. Result of quality test6. Certified period

Four qualifications after approval1. Water sample collection at the connection point of pipeline

system2. Water sample collection at the end point of pipeline

system3. Result of quality test4. Random checking result documents from Item 3. If any

water quality is found under Drinking Water8

Assessment of: • Potable Water Supply

System• Structure• Operation• Maintenance

Application to joining the Process

improvement

Check Water Quality (Physical, Chemical, Bacteriological)- at the beginning (of water supply system) and - at the end of pipes (household) - Sampling: 1 sample for each increment of 5,000 populace

1st Analysis

Improvement

2nd /3 rd AnalysisEvery 2 months

Standard Satisfaction

Standard Satisfaction

Inform the (analysed) Result

to Health Center (Region 1 – 12)

Certification / Approval Certificate

by the Dept. of Health

Declaration : of Being Safe Drinking Tap Water

Continuous Surveillance of Water Quality

Dissemination

Certification Process for Safe Drinking Tap Water

Not Satisfied

to the Standard

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DOH & PWA Declare Safe Drinking Water Supply System

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Safe Drinking Water Promotion Project 2: Development of Network Potential for Surveillance of Safe drinking Water in Community and Households

Network • Water Supply System Operators

• Volunteers

Process: 1. Source of Drinking Water Survey in Community and

Household2. Sampling and analyze for water quality3. Evaluation with The DOH’s Tap Water Quality

Standard4. Training (of network, water Supply System

operators, volunteers)

Training DetailsImportance of safe water

and health effectHygiene and SanitationUsing Test kitRole of network on pioneer

and counselingPractice on test kitNetwork meeting and

planning to safe water in community

One and three months later : follow up and monitoring of: water supply, test kit and role of volunteers

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Bottled Water

Community For Community

Volunteer

VillageWater works

System

Natural Resource

Community Participation

Prom

otion

SupportTest kit

Education and Training

Village worker

Government

RainWater

Shallow-wellwater

Villager

Household

Structure

The Kingdom of Thailand

Land of Smiles

THANK YOU

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Extra Slides

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About Thailand

- A country in Southeast Asia

- Total area 513,115 km2

- Total population 65.5 millions

Male 32.1 millions Female 33.4 millions

- Tropical climate

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VisionBy 2012, with the effective cooperation of all related agencies, all Thais people will get access to safe and adequate consumption water, basic hygiene, and good sanitation.

Mission Statement1. Promote all Thais to get access to safe and adequate consumption water.2. Support the works on basic hygiene and good sanitation.3. Encourage people participation in form of networking.4. Create knowledge base in order to disseminate correct information on water, hygiene, and sanitationใTarget1. Thais get access to safe and adequate consumption water.

Urban area – 100% of households get access to tap waterRural area – Access to tap water for villages which already have waterworks system and safe water from water sources for the rest.

2. Thais have good hygienic practice.

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Water Quality Surveillanceat the end (household) of pipes:- Physical , Chemical, Bacteriological Examination at least once a year- Chlorine Residual Checking every week

Village Safe Drinking Tap Water

Survey :Tap WaterDrinking Behavior

Project Follow

Up

Not Satisfiedto the Standard

Improvement :the Potable Water Supply

Systems

Standard Satisfaction

Public Information (of theWater Quality)

Data Analysis & Progressive Reporting

Reliability Assurance in Safe Drinking Tap Water Quality. Favor Safe Drinking tap water among villagers.

Promotion on the Encouraging of Popular Tap Water Drinking- Knowledge & Practices Transferring- Dissemination of Information- Campaign- Rewarding

Chlorine

Knowledge

Network A(Villager)

Village

Village

Village

Village

Expansion

Health Education

- Personal Hygiene

- Clean Jar

Water Treatment

• Boiling

• Filtration

• Chemical Treatment

Chlorine – Solution 2%

Millennium Development Goals

MDGs : Reduce percentage of population with no

access to safe water source and hygienic toilet to half by 2015.

MDG Plus : Thailand has set a more ambitious goal in

improving percentage of population with access to safe drinking water.

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