Mobile applications

2

Introduction

What is WAP ?

WAP Architecture

WAP Protocols

Demonstration

Outline

Conclusion

Mobile Services

3

Introduction

Mobile Growth 2000 – 2009

• Total value of all applications stores was worth 343 million dollar ; Yankee Group 2009

Mobile Application Growth

• An estimated 4.1 Billion Mobile Phone subscriptions till 2009. By the International telecommunications union (ITU).

• Total subscriptions grew 563 %

Mobile Services

5

Imagine.. Anytime, Anywhere you can

Get financial information

Order and buy tickets

Pay your bills

Read the news

Read and send e-mails

Receive your voice-mail

Get a local guide to restaurants

Make stock queries

WAP makes it possible!!

A set of protocols which allow data exchange for

mobile cellular systems

The current world standard for the presentation and

delivery of wireless information

It is device independent

It is network independent

7

What is WAP ?

Wireless Application Protocol : RFC 2636

8

Current Constraints of

Less Bandwidth

High Latency

Less Stable Connections

Less Predictable Availability

Diverse range of network

standards

Less CPU Power

Less Memory and Storage

Restricted Power Consumption

Small / Variable Sized Displays

Variable Input Types

(Keypad, Pen, etc,)

Wireless Interfaces: Mobile Devices:

9

Why use WAP ?

The importance of WAP comes due to the fact that it is promoted, developed and supported by important names in the world of wireless communications, of Internet, and of finance. In concrete terms, 90 % producers of equipment of mobile communications are members of the WAP Forum, the true promoter of standards WAP. Names appearing above constitute a very partial list.

10

WAP Key Features

Mar

kup L

anguag

e

Wireless Telephony

Applications

Framework Lig

htwei

ght

Proto

col S

tack

Script Language

Designed to create servicesfor small handheld terminals

Multiple OS like Palm OS, EPOC, Flex OS, Java OS,

OS/9, PocketPC ec.

Access to telephony related functionality

Designed to minimize required bandwidth

and impact of latency

Any WAP enable system consists of:

WAP Gateway

The HTTP Web Server

and The WAP device (ex any WAP enabled mobile)

11

WAP Architecture (1/2)

12

WAP Architecture (2/2)

Web Server

Content

CGIScripts

etc.

WM

L D

ecks

with

WM

L-S

crip

t

WAP Gateway

WML Encoder

WMLScriptCompiler

Protocol Adapters

Client

WML

WML-Script

WTAI

Etc.

HTTPWSP/WTP

13

How WAP Works?

1 --WSP Request (URL)2 --WSP Response (Binary WML)3 --HTTP Request (URL)4 --HTTP Response (WML)

14

HTMLJavaScript

HTTP

TLS - SSL

TCP/IPUDP/IP

Wireless Application Protocol

Wireless ApplicationEnvironment (WAE)

Session Layer (WSP)

Security Layer (WTLS)

Transport Layer (WDP)

Other Services andApplications

Transaction Layer (WTP)

SMS USSD CSD IS-136 CDMA CDPD PDC-P Etc..

Bearers:

Comparison between Internet and WAP Models

GPRS

Internet

WAP Protocols (1/4)

• WSP (Wireless Session Protocol)

– Provides the application layer of WAP with a consistent

interface for two session services.

• A connection-oriented service that operates above the

transaction layer protocol WTP.

• A connectionless service that operates above a secure or

non-secure datagram service (WDP).

Wireless Session Layer (WSP)

15

WAP Protocols (2/4)

• WTP (Wireless Transaction Protocol)

– Provides efficient request/reply based transport mechanism

suitable for devices with limited resources over networks

with low to medium bandwidth.

• WTP Push mode allows server to “push” data to a client

without request (e.g. notification of stock hitting target price)

• WTP/WDP uses less than half the packets that TCP/IP uses to

transfer the same amount of data.

Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP)

16

WAP Protocols (3/4)

• WTLS (Wireless Transport Layer Security)

– A security protocol based upon the industry-standard

Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol, formerly known

as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL).

– WTLS is intended for use with the WAP transport

protocols and has been optimized for use over narrow-

band communication channels.

Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS)

17

WAP Protocols (4/4)

• WDP (Wireless Datagram Protocol)

– The Transport layer protocol in the WAP architecture

– Provides a common interface to the Security, Session, and

Application layers

– Allows these upper layers to function independently of the

underlying wireless network. This is the key to global

interoperability

Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP)

18

How limits are handled ? (1/2)

19

Low bandwidth• WML contents are encoded• WSP supports long-lived sessions• WTP designed to minimize number of transactions

High latency• Asynchronous request/response model• Client side programming using WMLScript• WTA repositories

Unreliable connection• WSP supports long-lived sessions to resume efficiently• Selective retransmission of segments by WTP

How limits are handled ? (2/2)

20

Small Display• Decks and card interface

Limit input facilities• Decks and cards makes inter-page navigation easier

Limited memory & CPU• Binary encoding of WML contents saves memory• Limited set of functionality of WMLScript & libraries

Limited battery power• Minimizing bandwith needs

Demonstration

22

Conclusion

The future of WAP depends largely on :

• whether consumers decide to use WAP devices to

access the Web,

• and also on whether a new technology comes

along that would require a different infrastructure

than WAP.

With the arrival of mobile 3G, WAP will be in strong usage, and

will become probably a spread and common standard.

Anytime, Anywhere, Any ...

Thank You !