MILLIMETER WAVE MOBILE

COMMUNICATIONS FOR 5G

CELLULAR

CONTENTS:-

Introduction. Wireless evolution. Advantages of using 5G. Why millimeter wave should be used ? History Antennas Bandwidth ,Beam width interference resistance, security. Propagation behavior. Advantages, disadvantages. Conclusion .

INTRODUCTION

Global bandwidth shortage.

Wireless service providers (W.S.P) are facing many challenges.

Carrier frequency spectrum is between 700Mhz to 2.6Ghz.

WSP requires simultaneous management of multiple

technologies.

The base station should be backward compatible.

M B N need to support higher data rate requirement.

Efficient radio access technology combined with more spectrum

availability is required.

SOLUTION Larger bandwidth and higher data rates.

highly required for 5G wireless networks .

WIRELESS EVOLUTION

The generation Access protocols Key features Level of evolution

1G FDMA Analog, primarily voice, less secure, support for low bit rate

data

Access to and roaming across single type of analog wireless

networks

2G&2.5G TDMA,CDMA Digital, more secure, voice and data

Access to and roaming across single type of digital wireless

networks and access to 1G

3G&3.5G CDMA 2000,W-CDMA,HSDPA,TD-SCDMA

Digital, multimedia, global roaming across a single type

of wireless network(for example, cellular), limited IP

interoperability,2Mbps to several Mbps

Access to and roaming across digital multimedia wireless

networks and access to 2G and 1G

4G OFDM Global roaming across multiple wireless networks,

10Mbps-100Mbps, IP interoperability for seamless

mobile internet

Access to and roaming across diverse and heterogeneous

mobile and wirelessBroadband networks and access to 3G,2G and 1G

FIFTH GENERATION (5G) WIRELESS

COMMUNICATION

Greater frequency allocation at millimeter wave.

Highly directional beam forming antennas.

All IP networks

Finest Quality Of Service(QOS)

ADVANTAGES OF USING 5G

Longer battery life.

Lower infrastructure cost.

Higher data rates .

More efficient.

High reliability.

High security.

The back bone networks for 5G will move from copper cables to

optical fiber cable to millimeter wave wireless communication.

TO

MILLIMETER(MM) WAVE TECHNOLOGY

What is MM wave?

Next generation wireless technology that can provide up to multi - Gbps wireless connectivity

Data rate is expected to be 40-100 times faster than today’s wireless LAN technologies.

Frequency range is from 25GHz to 300GHz.

Wavelength is between 10mm to 1mm.

  So, What are the advantages of using this ?

The radio spectrum is still rather undeveloped .

More bandwidth is available.

Hence higher data rates is achieved.

Security and privacy is better at mm-wave.

HISTORY OF MM WAVE

Mm-wave was first demonstrated by Sir J.C.Bose in the year 1897.

J.C. Bose Demonstrating Millimeter Wave in 1897

1960Radio astronomy.

1970Military applications.

1980mm wave IC for commercial applications.

1990Consumer-oriented use of mm wave above 40 GHz.

2003 FCC authorized 71-76 GHz and 81-86 GHz for licensed point to point communication.

BANDWIDTH

Augment the currently saturated radio spectrum of

700Mhz. To 2.6Ghz.

Mm-wave carrier frequency allow for larger bandwidth.

Expand channel band width way beyond 20Mhz.

BEAM WIDTH INTERFERENCE RESISTANCE AND SECURITY

Narrow beam width (approx. 2 degree beam width).

Reduces the interference.

Spectrum reuse can be done.

Cross-polarization techniques

Waves are highly directional.

This offers high security.

By using cryptographic algorithms the network can be further

secured

ANTENNA ARRAY

Narrow beam are the new feature of mm-wave

They reduces fading, multi-path, and interference

Antenna geometry is at chip size

The physical size of antennas are so small . This becomes practical to build complex antenna arrays. Further integrate them on chip or PCB.

Due to advances in VLSI technology. It is possible to generate circuits which operate at mm wave

frequencies This enables to create several array smart antenna which is adaptable

in nature .

PROPAGATION BEHAVIOR

Based on the principle of line of sight (LOS)paths

It is required to use reflective paths by many object.

Reflections can establish non-LOS links

Path loss exponent: 2 for LOS 4 for non LOS

Picture showing mm-wave propagation

To incorporate directional beam forming

RX and TX communicate via Main lobes.

Steering antenna is required.

Smart antenna is required

ADVANTAGES

Larger bandwidth

Higher transmission rate

Capability of spread spectrum and is more immune to interference.

Extremely high frequencies allow multiple short-distance .

Requires the narrow beam width.

Reduces hardware size.

Higher the frequency - smaller the antenna.

DISADVANTAGES

Higher costs in manufacturing .

Extremely high frequencies- significant attenuation.

Millimeter waves - long distance applications.

The penetration power of mm wave -concrete walls is known less.

Interferences with oxygen & rain also.

CONCLUSION

Millimeter wave - 5G cellular communication.

Bandwidth and higher data rates .

Further research is going on to remove the limitations.

Reliability and efficiency in using these spectrum.

THE FUTURE

REFERENCES 

[1] T. S. Rappaport, Shu Sun, Rimma Mayzus et al ``Millimeter wave mobile communications for 5G cellular: it will work!,'' Proc. IEEE, vol. 1, 2013, no. 10, pp. 335_349, may. 2013.

[2] T. S. Rappaport, J. N. Murdock, and F. Gutierrez, ``State of the art in 60 GHz integrated circuits & systems for wireless communications,'' Proc.int IEEE, vol. 99, no. 8, pp. 1390_1436, Aug. 2011.

[3] M. Cudak, A. Ghosh, T. Kovarik, R. Ratasuk, T. Thomas, F. Vook, and P. Moorut, ``Moving towards mmwave-based beyond-4G (B-4G) Technology,'' in Proc. IEEE Veh. Technol. Soc. Conf., 2013, pp. 1_17.

[4] Y. Chen, S. De, R. Kernchen, and K. Moessner, ``Device discovery in future service platforms through SIP,'' in Proc. IEEE Veh. Technol. Conf., Sep. 2012, pp. 1_5.

 URL’s:[5]http://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/2013/12/millimeter-wave-article.html[6]

http://nsn.com/news-events/insight-newsletter/articles/5g-ultra-wideband-enhanced- local-area-systems-at-millimeter-wave

[7]http://global.samsungtomorrow.com/?p=24093[8] http://www.mobileinfo.com/3G/4G_Sun_MobileIP.htm[9] http://www.athenawave.com/products/about-millimeter-wave[10] http://www.profheath.org/hot-topics/millimeter-wave-cellular-systems