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Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
Meaning of DataWeb Semantics in TYPO3
Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
session:~$ whoami
• freelance software engineer
• since 2007 TYPO3 Core Developer / Active Contributor
• from 2010 to 2015 Leader of the TYPO3 Core Team
• 2002-2007 studies in computer science
• since 2014 studies in internet web science
Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
Overview
• “What is it all about?!“
• Linked Open Data - An idea…
• Boring Theory - Technology Stack
• Reasoning & Examples
• Possibilities for TYPO3
Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
“What is it all about?!“
Google Search for “palma de mallorca“
… for “weather in palma de mallorca“
DBpedia - basically Wikipedia extraction
DBpedia - basically Wikipedia extraction
DBpedia - basically Wikipedia extraction
“brad pitt fighting with his wife in a movie“
Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
• works quite well
• has limitations on
• combinations
• finding relevant data
• reusing relevant data
Searching in Google
Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
Linked Open Data
Linked Open Data Graph 2009
Linked Open Data Graph 2014
Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
Linked Open Data
• synonyms: “car” vs. “automobile“
• homonyms: “jaguar“ could be car, animal or Mac OS X
• hierarchy: “car“ and “bicycle“ are known as “vehicle“
• language: “visualize“ vs. “visualise“
• language: “visualisieren“@de vs. “visualiser“@fr
Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
Linked Open Data• Wikipedia has lots of information already
• HTML just represents and links information
• HTML does not provide further meaning of data
• DBpedia is basically a semantic extract of Wikipedia
• DBpedia provides meaning on various resources
• data can be fetched using SPARQL (“semantic SQL“)
Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
Linked Open Data• many variants like WikiData, GeoNames/GeoSPARQL, …
• information is stored at different locations/hosts
• information is linked all across the internet
• URIs are used to identify “things“ for machines
• URLs are used to provide information for humans
• goal is to have a massive graph of linked data
Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
Very Boring Theory
Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
Technology Stack
Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
Technology Stack
• XML & XSD (XML Schema Definition) - valid & well-formed
• RDF (Resource Description Framework) - meaning
• RDF-S (RDF Schema) - add own concepts
• OWL (Ontology Web Language) - vocabulary
• SPARQL - fetch results from the above
Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
RDF Triples• 3 components create a particular meaning • <Subject> <Predicate/Property> <Object> .
• <:Oliver> <:hasFirstName> <“Oliver“> ; <:talksAbout> <:SemanticWeb> ; <:talksAt> <:T3CampMallorca15> .
• <:T3CampMallorca15> <:starts> <“2015-‐09-‐25“^^xsd:date> ; <:ends> <“2015-‐09-‐27“^^xsd:date> ; <:happensIn> <:PalmaDeMallorca> .
• <:PalmaDeMallorca> <owl:sameAs> <dbr:Palma,_Majorca> .
• <dbr:Palma,_Majorca> <rdf:type> <dbo:City> .
Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
RDF Schema• What’s a “City“ actually? • <dbr:Palma,_Majorca> <rdf:type> <dbo:City> .
• <dbo:City> <rdf:type> <rdfs:Class> ; <rdfs:subClassOf> <dbo:Settlement> .
• <:name> <rdf:type> <rdf:Property> ; <rdfs:domain> <dbo:City> ; <rdfs:range> xsd:string .
• <:isPartOf> <rdf:type> <rdf:Property> ; <rdfs:domain> <dbo:City> ; <rdfs:range> <:Region> ; <rdfs:subPropertyOf> <:belongsTo> .
Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
Annotations• describe current document or node
• Rich Snippets
• Microformat (limited vocabulary)
• Microdata
• RDFa Lite (RDF Annotations)
• JSON-LD (Linked Data)
Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
Microdata• <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Movie"> <h1 itemprop="name">Avatar</h1> <div itemprop="director" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> Director: <span itemprop="name">James Cameron</span>, born <span itemprop="birthDate">August 16, 1954</span> </div> <span itemprop="genre">Science fiction</span> <a href="../movies/avatar-‐theatrical-‐trailer.html" itemprop="trailer">Trailer</a></div>
• <:something rdf:type http://schema.org/Movie> .<:something http://schema.org/name “Avatar“> .
Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
RDFa Lite• <p vocab="http://schema.org/" typeof="Person"> My name is <span property="name">Manu Sporny</span> and you can give me a ring via <span property="telephone">1-‐800-‐555-‐0199</span> or visit <a property="url" href="http://manu.sporny.org/"> my homepage</a>.</p>
• <:something rdf:type http://schema.org/Person> .<:something http://schema.org/name “Manu Sporny“> .<:something http://schema.org/telephone “…“> .
Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
JSON-LD• { "@context": { "name": "http://schema.org/name", "homepage": { "@id": "http://schema.org/url", "@type": "@id" } }, "name": "Manu Sporny", "homepage": "http://manu.sporny.org/", "image": "http://manu.sporny.org/images/manu.png"}
Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
OWL• effectively working with RDF/RDF-S
• classes & individuals (“instances“)
• properties & data-types (“predicates“)
• ranges & domains
• required for proper reasoning and inference
• comes in 3 dialects - lite, description logic, full
Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
OWL• equivalents by rules
• Spaniard: Person and(inhabitantOf some SpanishCity)
• meaning of properties
• inverse, symmetric, transitive, disjoint, … • <Palma isPartOf Mallorca> & <Mallorca contains Palma>
• cardinalities of properties - minimum, maximum, exact • <:hasParent owl:cardinality “2“^^xsd:integer>
Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
Assumptions• Closed World Assumption (CWA)
• “everything is said, there’s nothing more“
• Open World Assumption (OWA)
• “there might still be more unknown facts“ • <:Bob :hasSister :Alice> .
• <:Bob :hasSister :Cassandra> . # what he does not know…
Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
SPARQL• “it’s like SQL, but very different…“ • PREFIX dbo: <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/>PREFIX dbr: <http://dbpedia.org/resource/>SELECT DISTINCT ?subject ?objectWHERE { ?subject rdf:type dbo:Automobile . ?subject dbo:manufacturer ?object . FILTER(?object = dbr:SEAT)}
• dbr:SEAT_Ibiza # ?subject dbr:SEAT # ?objectdbr:SEAT_Exeo dbr:SEATdbr:SEAT_IBE dbr:SEAT
Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
Storage• MySQL seems to be possible, but gets slow
• Stanbol, Virtuoso, Sesame, Allegro, Jena
• choosing the proper storage depends
• frequency of loads and amount of tripples
• level of inferencing
• query language
Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
Reasoning & Examples
Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
Reasoning & Examples
• Demo in Protégé
• Tool to model ontologies
• Developed at Standford University
Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
Possibilities for TYPO3
Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
Activities in the past• extension “semantic“ # discontinued
• SPARQL endpoint handling to import RDF triples
• extension „scotty“ # discontinued
• bring semantic technologies into TYPO3 CMS
• categories, taxonomies, identities
• diploma thesis by Sebastian Kurfürst # Flow & Neos“Exposing Domain Models as Linked Data“
Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
Future possibilities• linking custom domain models with ontologies
• enriches the meaning of your data
• allows more sophisticated search statements
• exposing data by having an own SPARQL endpoint
• adds more meaning to your data than REST does
• automatically enrich your markup with RDFa
• SEO at it’s best & makes Google happy… maybe…
Just a “VroomVroom“ model example…
Just a “VroomVroom“ view example…
Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
Future possibilities
• project by Johannes Goslar
• RTE with Named Entity Recognition (NER)
• “Alex bought a Jaguar in 2011“
• “Alex[Person] bought[verb] Jaguar[Thing] in 2011[Date]“
• Jaguar could be a car, an animal or Mac OS X version
• automated annotation of written text with RDF tripples
NER example in TYPO3 CMS RTEMeeting, Date, Location
Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
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Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
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Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
Links• http://lod-cloud.net/
• http://bnode.org/blog/2009/07/08/the-semantic-web-not-a-piece-of-cake
• http://www.thefigtrees.net/lee/blog/2006/11/semantic_web_technologies_in_t.html
• http://teaching-wiki.sti2.at/uploads/3/3d/07_SW-OWL.pdf & http://teaching-wiki.sti2.at/index.php/Semantic_Web
• https://developers.google.com/structured-data/schema-org
• https://tools.wmflabs.org/reasonator/
• https://github.com/semsol/arc2/wiki
• http://aksw.org/Projects/Erfurt.html
• https://forge.typo3.org/projects/extension-semantic
• https://forge.typo3.org/projects/extension-scotty
• http://www.rn.inf.tu-dresden.de/uploads/Studentische_Arbeiten/Diplomarbeit_Kurf%C3%BCrst_Sebastian.pdf