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Properties of matterProperties of matter

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General Properties of General Properties of MatterMatter

Matter is anything that has mass and volume

Everything is made of matter

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What are properties?What are properties?

Characteristics used to describe an object

Ex: color, odor, shape, size, texture,hardness

video

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General Properties of General Properties of mattermatter

Mass, weight, volume, and density

Properties are used to identify a substance

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What is mass?What is mass?

Mass is the amount of matter in an object

Mass is constant Mass is also the measure of inertia

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What is inertia?What is inertia? Inertia is the resistance of an object to changes in its motion

The more mass the greater the inertia

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QuestionsQuestions

How is mass related to inertia?

Why are properties of an object important?

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QuestionQuestion

Which object has more inertia, an empty wagon or one loaded with rocks? Why?

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QuestionQuestion

What does a seatbelt do for a passenger when a car stops suddenly?

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QuestionQuestion

Why would the passenger move forward without the restraining force of the belt?

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QuestionQuestion

What would stop a passenger if the seatbelt were not in place?

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QuestionQuestion

What other safety features are present in a car in response to a person’s inertia in a moving vehicle?

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WeightWeight The measure of the force of

gravity on the mass of an object

Weight changes with gravity

The metric unit for weight is a Newton (N)

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Weight formulaWeight formula 1 kg = 2.2 pounds Weight is mass times gravity (9.8

m/s2) W= m x g What is your mass? What is your weight in Newtons?

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What is gravity?What is gravity? The force of attraction

between objects is gravity All objects exert a

gravitational force on each other

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QuestionQuestion Why can’t you feel the attraction between you and other objects the same way you are pulled toward Earth?

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Gravitational pullGravitational pull

The greater the mass of an object the greater the gravitational force

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QuestionQuestion

Why can’t we feel the pull of gravity from Jupiter even though it is so massive?

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What affects gravity?What affects gravity? The pull of gravity weakens as the distance between objects increases

gravity depends on mass and distance

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GravityGravity

The further an object is from the center of the earth, the less the object will weigh

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QuestionQuestion

Would you weigh less, more, or the same on top of Mount Everest?

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QuestionQuestion

The moon is smaller than the earth. How would your weight be different on the moon?

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QuestionsQuestions

What are three properties of matter related to mass?

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QuestionQuestion

What is density and how is it calculated?

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DensityDensity The density of water is 1.0 g/ml

Objects with densities greater than 1.0 will sink in water

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DensityDensity

Objects with densities less than 1.0 g/ml will float on water

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IceIce Ice floats therefore it is less dense than water

Ice mostly remains underwater with only a portion of it being exposed

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Astronomy fact!Astronomy fact! The planet Saturn has a density of less than 1.0 g/ml. If there was an ocean big enough to hold it, it would float!

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CalculationsCalculations

If 96.5 grams of gold has a volume of 5 cubic centimeters, what is the density of gold?

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CalculationCalculation

If 96.5 g of aluminum has a volume of 35 cm3, what is the density of aluminum?

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CalculationCalculation If the density of a diamond is 3.5 g/cm3, what would be the mass of a diamond whose volume is 0.5 cm3?

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What is specific gravity?What is specific gravity?

A comparison of the density of a substance and the density of water is specific gravity

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QuestionsQuestions

How is density different from specific gravity?

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What is a physical What is a physical property?property?

Physical properties are those that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance

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Phases of matter Phases of matter

(video)(video) Four phases of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma

solids have a definite shape and volume

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Solid particle Solid particle arrangement arrangement

Solids are tightly packed and the particles vibrate

Two types of solids are crystalline and amorphous

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Types of solidsTypes of solids Crystalline solids are arranged in repeating patterns called crystals (salt, sugar)

Amorphous solids can lose their shape

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Examples of amorphous Examples of amorphous solidssolids

Tar, candle wax, glass Shape changes under certain conditions (differences in temperature)

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Liquid particle Liquid particle arrangementarrangement

Liquids have particles that are close together, but are free to move

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QuestionQuestion

Describe the shape of a liquid.

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Describe a liquidDescribe a liquid

Liquids do not have a definite shape, but they have a definite volume

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QuestionQuestion

What happens when one-liter of soda is poured into a four-liter container?

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Properties of liquidsProperties of liquids Liquids do not expand to fill the volume of a container

Liquids are characterized by their ability to flow

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What is viscosity?What is viscosity? The resistance of a liquid to

flow The difficulty of a liquid to

flow easily Honey, motor oil, corn

syrup have a high viscosity

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Behavior of liquidsBehavior of liquids

Cohesion is the force of attraction between LIKE particles

Adhesion is the force of attraction between UNLIKE particles

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Surface tension (video)Surface tension (video)

Tendency of particles to pull together at the surface of a liquid due to cohesion

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QuestionQuestion

Describe the viscosity of a liquid.

Describe a liquid’s shape.

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QuestionsQuestions

How is adhesion different from cohesion?

Explain surface tension.

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Properties of gasesProperties of gases Gases do not have a definite shape or volume (video)

They fill all the available space in a container

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Kinetic Molecular Kinetic Molecular Theory of MatterTheory of Matter

Matter is made of tiny particles in constant motion

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QuestionQuestion

How are solids, liquids, and gases different from one another?

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Gas lawsGas laws

Boyle’s and Charles’ law describe the behavior of gases with changes in temperature, pressure, and volume

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Charles LawCharles Law

Charles’ law describes a relationship between the temperature and volume of a gas (constant pressure)

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Charles’ LawCharles’ Law

As the temperature of a gas increases, the volume of a gas increases

Heating air causes it to expand

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QuestionQuestion

How can you explain the fact that gas particles expand to fill space?

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PressurePressure

The force that particles of a substance (gas/liquid) will apply over a certain area

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Boyle’s LawBoyle’s Law

Boyle’s law describes the relationship between the volume and pressure of gases (constant temperature)

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Boyle’s lawBoyle’s law If the volume of a gas decreases, then the pressure of a gas increases (Boyle’s law)

The smaller the space a gas occupies, the more pressure

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PlasmaPlasma

Plasma (phase) most common phase in the

universe, dangerous, very high energy (found in stars)

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QuestionQuestion

What are the four phases of matter?

Describe the plasma phase of matter.

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Phase changes (video)Phase changes (video)

Phase changes in matter are melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation

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What is a physical What is a physical change?change? Physical changes involve

the changing of physical properties

Type of matter remains the same

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QuestionsQuestions

Describe each of the five phase changes (melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation).

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Physical changesPhysical changes

Changing color, shape, phase, texture, hardness, odor would be a physical change

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Melting Melting videovideoPhase change from a solid to a liquid

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Melting pointMelting point

Temperature in which a solid changes to a liquid

Physical property

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QuestionsQuestions

How is melting different from freezing?

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Phase changes (video) Phase changes (video) Involve a change in

volume, but mass remains constant

Adding or removing energy from matter results in phase changes

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VaporizationVaporization

Phase change from a liquid to a gas

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Boiling point (video)Boiling point (video) The temperature in which a

liquid boils Point at which a liquid

changes to a gas

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Freezing (video)Freezing (video)Phase change of a liquid to a solid

The temperature in which this occurs is the freezing point

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CondensationCondensation Condensation is the phase change from a gas to a liquid

Sublimation is a phase change from solid to a gas

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QuestionQuestion

Describe a difference between condensation and vaporization.

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Sublimation examplesSublimation examples

Dry ice and iodine are examples solids that undergo sublimation

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Chemical propertiesChemical properties Describe how a substance changes into new substances are chemical properties

Ex: flammability

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Chemical changesChemical changes The change of a substance

into a new and different substance

Also known as a chemical reaction

video

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QuestionsQuestions

What is another name for a chemical change?

Describe sublimation. How is a chemical change

different from a physical change?