Marina barrage (09/10s2)

Chan Shu Wen Kimberly, Chua Hui Xuan Michelle, Chua Hui Xin Amanda, Ng Jing Xiu, Tan Zhi Qian Nathalie, Tan Yi Zhen

Marina Barrage

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Presentation Outline

1) Introduction2) Layout and Planning of the Development3) Site Context4) Interior Layout5) Architectural Detailing6) Learning Points7) Conclusion

Introduction

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Introduction Layout/Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural

Detailing Learning Points Conclusion

Background of the Development “In 20 years, it is possible that there could be breakthroughs in

technology, both antipollution and filtration. Then we can dam up, or put a barrage at the mouth of the Marina, the neck that joins the sea. And we will have a huge fresh water lake.“

- Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew

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Background of the Development• Dam built across the Marina Channel between Marina East and

Marina South

• Officially opened on 1st

November 2008

• Singapore’s 15th reservoir

• 1st reservoir in the city

• Architect: Architects Team 3

• Constructed by Koh Brothers

Building Civil Engineering

Contractor Pte. Ltd.

• Project cost: S$226 million 5



Background of the Development

• Part of Singapore’s National Climate Change Strategy– Global temperatures projected to rise by

1.1°C to 6.4°C

– Global mean sea levels projected to rise

by 18 cm to 59 cm over 1990 levels by

around 2100

– Temperature extremes, heat waves and

heavy rainfall events projected to

become more frequent

– Annual rainfall in Southeast Asia projected to

increase by about 7% 6



Background of the Development

• Singapore’s vulnerability to climate change– Relatively low-lying, densely populated island in the tropics– Potential impacts of climate change on Singapore include:

1) Increased flooding2) Coastal land loss3) Water resource scarcity4) Public health impact from resurgence of diseases5) Heat stress6) Increased energy demand7) Impacts on biodiversity

• Marina Barrage one of the existing measures to help address potential climate change impacts

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Design Intention• Water supply• Flood Control• Lifestyle Attraction



Design Intention1) Water Supply

• Increase local water supply source, which is one of the Four National Taps

• Local water catchment area increased to two-thirds by 2011 when Marina, Punggol and Serangoon Reservoirs are completed

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Design Intention1) Water Supply

• 9 crest gates built across 350m wide Marina Channel to keep out seawater

• Marina Basin will turn into a body of freshwater through natural flushing in 1 to 2 years– Similar to Kranji and Lower Seletar Reservoir schemes

• Freshwater treated using advanced membrane technology

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Design Intention2) Flood Control• Part of a comprehensive

flood control scheme• Alleviate flooding in low-lying areas in the city• Separates seawater from freshwater and acts as tidal barrier to keep out high tides 11



http://www.panoramio.com/photo/16187057

Design Intention

3) Lifestyle attraction

• Water in the Marina Basin will

be unaffected by the tides

- Water level will be constant

all year round

• Ideal venue for various recreational

land and water activities

• Venue for many international and

local sporting events and activities12



Architectural Concept

• Designed on green principles• Number ‘9’ shape• Resembles a seashell and sails of a ship 9

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Architectural Concept

• Designed to be attractive and able to blend into the prime location

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Layout and Planning of the Development

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Structural System

Crest Gates

• Barrage consists of 9 crest gates

• Each gate 30m tall, 5m high, weighs 70 tonnes

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Structural System

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• Barrage structure supported by approximately 850 bored piles

• Each between 1 and 1.5m in diameter and up to 74m deep

Structural System

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Roof Canopy

• Structure covers an area of 383sqm• Consists of 2 curve arches of different radii• Supported via 3 inclined steel columns and 2 supported end frames

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Structural System

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Construction System

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• Completion at end of 2008

• 2 phases

• Construct 2 temporary cofferdams to facilitate construction of barrage in the dry

• Engage independent professional engineer to counter-check design

Construction System

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• 9 crest gates for blocking out tides- Lifted from a barge and lowered onto the concrete

bedding with nine pivots

• Precision engineering -Tolerance for mistakes was 2 millimetres for centerline of the nine pivot pins of each crest gate

Construction System

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•Floating cranes that are used to install the 70-tonne gates, nine pivot pins were then used to lock the gate in place.

Construction System

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Building Services

• Reservoir, provide water supply

• Flood control for low-lying areas

• Lifestyle attraction for Singaporeans

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• Home to Singapore’s largest solar park covering 1,200 square metres

• Sustainable Singapore Gallery educates the public on important environmental and water issues through interactive multi media displays, exhibits and games

Building Services

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Air Conditioning• Energy efficient air-conditioning system used for its

function rooms

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Air conditioning

• Green roof (650 sq m)• Double-glazed glass panels • Insulation to reduce heat penetration and

minimize energy consumption of the air-conditioning

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• Automatic sprinkler at green roof - Prevents grasses from catching fire due to the blazing sun• Automatic fire alarm system around Marina Barrage and gallery• Engineered smoke control system

Fire-Protection System

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Site Context

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Environmental Impact of the Green Environment Development

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• The Marina Barrage was officially opened, together with the launch of the annual Clean and Green Singapore

“In 10 years, Singapore will have many waterways and park connectors, creating more recreational

areas and an aesthetic environment. Future generations must keep this city beautiful, distinctive.”

- Minister Mentor

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Green features at Marina Barrage:

1. Energy Efficient

The Green Roof• An eco-friendly feature; grass-

carpeted roof• Acts as natural heat insulation• Double-glazed glass panels to

reduce heat penetration• 100% recycled plastics and eco-

friendly drainage cells

* energy savings of 1102 MWh per year! *

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Drainage pumps• Job: to drain out excess water during

flooding• Leverage on the siphon effect that occurs

shortly after the pumps’ activation, so less energy is used

*energy savings of 105 MWh per year!*

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Close-up of solar panels

Solar Park• 405 solar

panels• Generates

about 50% of the daytime electricity

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Green features at Marina Barrage:2. Water Efficient

• A rainwater collection system• The automated irrigation sprinkler system on the rooftop

is linked to rain sensors• Water-efficient fixtures such as waterless urinals and

water-efficient taps35



• Green Mark Platinum Infrastructure Awardthe top award at the annual BCA Awards organised by the Building and Construction Authority (BCA)

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Building form

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Pump house

Contains 7 massive water pumps →

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• Curvilinear curtain wall suspend above the ground like a cliff face

• Hovers protectively over ground storey; serving as a shade for ground storey in hot sunny days

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• Made up mainly of perforated aluminum cladding (good reflector of heat)

• Combination of grilles and louvers, designed to facilitate air movement

• Sun shading are heavily used

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• Main discharge channel in courtyard is turned into a water feature

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Fountain

- Water signifies health and wealth

- Water shoots up and flows back into the fountain

- Signifies bringing health and wealth into the building

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Exploration of Building's Material and Aesthetic considerations

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• Roof garden with view of the Singapore Flyer

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• Influence of Modern Movement - concrete and steel construction method

• Usage of water

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• Rocks and stones collected on site during construction were re-used as building materials

• 100% recycled plastics and eco-friendly drainage cells are used on the Green Roof

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Interior Layout

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Interior Layout

• ConcreteFloor & Ceiling– Advantages:

• Versatile: Poles & columns have intricate line designs

• Durable & Low maintenance• Fire resistant• Environmentally sustainable• Energy efficiency• Cost less in the long run

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Interior Design: Materials• 2 Materials• 3 Textures: lines, rocks, stones• Distinctive texture & beauty• Wall is patterned: tiles of different sizes

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Interior Layout: Ceiling

• CeilingCreases & folds– Increase surface area to lose

heat in the day– Expansion and contraction

• Reduce formation of cracks• Structural stability

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http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=2464881&id=600452953

Interior layout – Double glazed glass

In the DAY, building can be lit up by natural sunlight At NIGHT, light penetrates

from the inside, minimizing need for street lamps

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Interior Layout: Glass • Incorporate passive-energy-conserving

strategies responsive to local climate• Transparent:

– sense of generous space– vantage view of internal facilities

• Double glazed glass panels with vacuum in between– Reduce heat penetration– Minimizing energy consumption– Futuristic and elegant look

• Reflective– Minimize mid-day sun

• Heavily tinted– Reduce the amount of heat entering

• Natural light Save energy and cost Sustainable Building

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• Use of design-screened glass dividers

•Resulting in opacity and a sense of privacy

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Interior Design• Advanced green building

technologies• Integrated façade devices to

shade the building from solar gains and glare

• Open space– Natural lighting– Natural Ventilation: Healthy,

comfortable and productive– Optimize use & flexibility of spaces

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Interior Design

• WaterFountain• Reconnect with environment• Emotional and therapeutic

benefits that nature provides– Sounds of water– Children’s laughter

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Interior Layout

• Internal structures create an Earth-look-alike picture

• Interior layout– Ecologically & socially

responsive– Raise awareness of

environmental issues– Energy-conservation– Sustainability practices 56



Sustainable Singapore Exhibition Gallery

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http://www.museumdesign.asia/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/img_02501.jpg


Sustainable Singapore Exhibition Gallery• 5 dimensional: Light, sound, 3D visual

– Use of water sounds, natural sound in the gallery and lighting

– Emphasize on the LED Lighting used to give a futuristic, vibrant feeling, wide selection of colour

– High ceiling: Less enclosed

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Sustainable Singapore Gallery (SSG)

• Purpose: Environmental sustainability

• Sustainable: – Clean air– Affordable water– Quality living environment

• Spectacular sensory experience• Timeline gallery

– Singapore’s efforts towards environmental sustainability 59




Sustainable Singapore Exhibition Gallery 1

• Current environmental challenges• “Organic Tree”• Colour switches from:

– blue to red to green• Uncertain state of environmentSelection of colors:

– colors can transmit messages• Feature wall: NEWater bottles

– NEWater: treated wastewater• Sustainable water supply

• 3-Dimensional: Visual and Texture60





• Story of the Singapore River:– polluted to a clean water

way• Environmental story of

Singapore• Use of reflective

materials: Mirrors– Modernized and futuristic

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• Active, Beautiful, Clean waters programme

• Aim:– Raise awareness of

water-conservation– Public responsibility

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• Innovative barrage model demostration– Details the intricate

construction & operations of the dam

• Deeper understanding of underlying mechanisms

• Educational tool– Man-environment interactions

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• Jewel box• Sustainability from different

angles:– Industrialization– Waste management– Housing– Commerce– Nature

• Careful planning and management– Limited land– Maximize potential 64



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• Blue LED lighting– Symbolizes water

• 71% earth surface

– Create transformational experience

– Calm and soothing color– Creates a conducive

environment• Environmentally sustainable

practices • Intervene and resolve 65



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• Steadfast commitment in caring for the environment:

– 3P• Interactive walkway to engage

people• Futuristic feel

– “journey to the future”• Memorable experience

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Architectural Detailing

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Special green architectural features• Solar Park• Double-glazed glass panels

Green Roof

• Rainwater Collection System• Automated Irrigation• Water-efficient flushing systems

Water Sustainability

• Garden City• Waterscape designs

Ecological Landscape

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1. Iconic Green RoofGreen Roof•Natural heat insulation•Reduces indoor temperature by approximately 3°C

Double-glazed Glass Panels•Reduces heat penetration•Minimizes energy consumption of air-con system

Solar Park •Green renewable energy•Reduces daytime electricity demands by 50%•Powers some of the barrage’s public spaces

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2. Water Sustainability DesignRainwater Collection System•Harnesses rainwater to meet the irrigation requirements•Supports water independence

Automated Irrigation Sprinkler System•Linked to rain sensors that will be deactivate the system when it rains

Water-saving Flushing systems•Waterless urinals•Water-efficient taps

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3. Ecological Landscape

Singapore’s Garden City Reputation• Connects a tropical botanical park to the city, extending

from downtown and along the reservoir

PUB: “Active, Beautiful, Clean Waters”• Transform infrastructural waterways Central Courtyard

and Community Play areas• Learn water conservation methods through play

interaction

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Learning Points

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Family Outings- Lifestyle attraction right at the heart of the city

Educational Field Trips- Community education on important environmental & water issues

Photography excursions- Aesthetic Features

Site Observation

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Similar Architectural Features - ADM

• Helical Grass Roof• 2 interlocking spirals• Extensive use of glass panels

• Fountain in courtyard

• Curvilinear shape• Illusion of a bigger area

Marina Barrage ADM

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Conclusion

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Prizes won

• Green Platinum Award in new Green Mark category introduced at the annual Building and Construction Authority (BCA) Awards• ASEAN Outstanding Engineering Achievement

Award

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Prizes won• Superior Achievement Award at the American Academy of

Environmental Engineers (AAEE)’s Excellence in Environmental Engineering competition

• Grand Conceptor Award at the American Council of Engineering Companies of Massachusetts' 2009 Engineering Excellence Awards

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Conclusion

• New scenic icon that graces Singapore’s city skyline with numerous benefits – Educational, practical benefits and lifestyle hot spot

• Important milestone in efforts to maximise Singapore’s rainwater harvesting capacity and to create a sustainable water supply

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Conclusion

The End Thank You! (:

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Technology

Marina barrage (09/10s2)