Management and Governance of Open Government Data Initiatives

Management and Governance of

Open Data Initiatives

UNDESA and ITU – Future Government: A Global Perspective in Connection to Open Government Data and Citizen Engagement – Geneva, May 16th 2012 Dr. Matthias Stürmer, Senior Consultant Ernst & Young

Seite 2 Management and Governance of Open Government Data Initiatives

My perspectives on open data

• Fan: Founding board member of Swiss OGD association Opendata.ch

• Lobbyist: Secretary of Parliamentarian Group for Digital Sustainability

• Politician: Parliament member of the City of Bern

• Advisor: Senior Consultant at Ernst & Young

• Former researcher: PhD at ETH Zurich on open source communities

• Former programmer: Co-founder of two Internet startups

Dr. Matthias Stürmer

Phone: +41 58 286 61 97

Mobile: +41 58 289 61 97

Email: [email protected]


Agenda

1. Observations from the Swiss open data movement

2. Comparing open data initiatives to open source projects

3. How to govern open data projects

• Appendix: Swiss Parliamentarian Group for Digital Sustainability


Milestones Swiss Open Data Movement

July 2010: First meeting June 2011: Opendata.ch conference Sept 2011: Hackdays

December 2011: Parliamentarian„s dinner and manifest January 2012: Association Opendata.ch founded


Swiss Open Data Hacking Events

• First Swiss OGD Hackdays on September 30/October 1, 2012 in Zürich and Lausanne

• Hackday on March 30/31, 2012 in Zürich and Geneva on the topic of mobility

• First OGD Hackday in Bern on April 27, 2012 on various topics

• Hackday on September 28/29, 2012 in Basel and Geneva on the topic of health


Open Data Hackday in Bern, April 27th 2012


Open Budget App on Expenses of the City of Bern

Source: http://t.preus.se/bernbudget2012


Not comparable to the New York Times App…


Agenda






OGD and OSS on the Technology Hype Cycle

Source: Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hype_cycle

OSS

OGD


OGD Communities Compared to OSS Communities

Open Data Initiatives Open Source Projects Comments

Hype Cycle „Peak of Inflated Expectations“ „Plateau of Productivity“ Different: Long way to go for OGD

Initialization 1. Individuals 2. Foundations 3. Public Administrations

1. Individuals 2. Companies 3. Public Administrations

Similar: Both top-down and bottom-up approaches possible

Motivation Intrinsic to extrinsic Intrinsic to extrinsic Equal: Heterogenic mix of motivation

Required Skills 1. Data Knowhow 2. Programming 3. Design

1. Programming 2. GUI Design

Similar: Mostly technology-driven communities

Development Much local development with lots of physical meetings

Much global development with few physical meetings

Different: OGD has more local solutions, OSS has more global solutions

Governance Mostly independent foundations sponsored by public funds

Mostly independent foundations sponsored by IT companies

Similar: Distributed power of decision making


Agenda






Motivation is Key for Community Governance

Intrinsic Motivation Enjoyment- or obligation-based incentives

1. Ideology

2. Altruism

3. Kinship

4. Fun

Internalized Extrinsic Motivation Non-monetary incentives

5. Reputation

6. Reciprocity

7. Learning

8. Own-use

Extrinsic Motivation Monetary incentives

9. Career

10. Pay

Source: G. F. von Krogh, S. Haefliger, S. Spaeth, M. W. Wallin “Open Source Software: a Review of Motivations to Contribute”

• Loss of control through publishing data and source code

• Voluntary initiatives are governed through incentivizing groups and individuals

• 10 different reasons for individuals to contribute to open source software projects:


Open Data Players in German Speaking Area

Civil Society

Government and Public Administration

Hackdays

Swiss OGD Manifest

Open Data Network

OKFN Germany

OGD Apps

Conferences

Policy making

Single Point of Orientation

Competitions

Government 2.0 Network

DE

OGD Austria

open3

AT Opendata.ch

Digital Sustainability

CH

APIs

DE AT CH

Web Portals

National government

Regional government

Local government

Local meetings

Studies

Bottom-Up

Top-Down

Bottom-Up


Still at the beginning in 2012

Tim Berners-Lee at TED University in 2010:

"We have only just started."

Source: „Tim Berners-Lee: The year open data went worldwide “ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3YcZ3Zqk0a8


Agenda






Parliamentarian Group for Digital Sustainability

Christian Wasserfallen

National Councilor of Liberals Party

Edith Graf-Litscher

National Councilor of Social Democratic Party

Balthasar Glättli

National Councilor of Green Party

Thomas Weibel

National Councilor of Green Liberal Party

Co Presidents

Kathy Riklin

National Councilor of Christian Democratic People's Party

Core Team

Blog, members, policy recommendations:

www.digitale-nachhaltigkeit.ch www.durabilite-numerique.ch


Members of the Parliamentarian Group

1. Alec von Graffenried, Nationalrat Grüne Kt. Bern

2. Barbara Schmid-Federer, Nationalrätin CVP Kt. Zürich

3. Brigitte Häberli-Koller, Nationalrätin CVP Kt. Thurgau

4. Carlo Sommaruga, Nationalrat SP Kt. Genf

5. Cédric Wermuth, Nationalrat SP Kt. Aargau

6. Claude Janiak, Ständerat SP Kt. Basel-Landschaft

7. Evi Allemann, Nationalrätin SP Kt. Bern

8. Felix Gutzwiller, Ständerat FDP Kt. Zürich

9. Francine John-Calame, Nationalrätin Grüne Kt. Neuenburg

10. Franziska Teuscher, Nationalrätin Grüne Kt. Bern

11. Geri Müller, Nationalrat Grüne Kt. Aargau

12. Hans Altherr, Ständerat FDP Kt. Appenzell Ausserrhoden

13. Hugues Hiltpold, Nationalrat FDP Kt. Genf

14. Ignazio Cassis, Nationalrat FDP Kt. Tessin

15. Jacqueline Badran, Nationalrätin SP Kt. Zürich

16. Kathrin Bertschy, Nationalrätin GLP Kt. Bern

17. Liliane Maury Pasquier, Ständerätin SP Kt. Genf

18. Louis Schelbert, Nationalrat Grüne Kt. Luzern

19. Luc Recordon, Ständerat Grüne Kt. Waadt

20. Lukas Reimann, Nationalrat SVP Kt. St. Gallen

21. Maja Ingold, Nationalrätin EVP Kt. Zürich

22. Maria Roth-Bernasconi , Nationalrätin SP Kt. Genf

23. Marianne Streiff-Feller, Nationalrätin EVP Kt. Bern

24. Matthias Aebischer, Nationalrat SP Kt. Bern

25. Peter Malama, Nationalrat FDP Kt. Basel-Stadt

26. Philipp Hadorn, Nationalrat SP Kt. Solothurn

27. Raphaël Comte, Ständerat FDP Kt. Neuenburg

28. Sylvia Flückiger-Bäni, Nationalrat SVP Kt. Aargau

29. Thomas Aeschi, Nationalrat SVP Kt. Zug

30. Yvonne Gilli, Nationalrätin Grüne Kt. St. Gallen

• 14% of the Swiss Parliament are members of the Parliamentarian Group for Digital Sustainability


Previous policy recommendations

1. Freie Veröffentlichung von digitalen Kartografiedaten der swisstopo 07.12.2009 – Frage 09.5644 – Christian Wasserfallen

2. Open Source – auch für Meteodaten 18.06.2010 – Interpellation 10.3602 – Kathy Riklin

3. Aktueller Stand von Open Government Data in der Schweiz 02.03.2011 – Frage 11.5039 – Edith Graf-Litscher

4. Potenzial von Open Government Data in der Schweiz 02.03.2011 – Frage 11.5040 – Edith Graf-Litscher

5. E-Government und Open Government Data 12.04.2011 – Interpellation 11.3346 – Christian Wasserfallen

6. Anwendung des Öffentlichkeitsgesetzes 13.04.2011 – Interpellation 11.3358 – Edith Graf-Litscher

7. Open Government Data. Wie weiter? 14.04.2011 – Interpellation 11.3445 – Kathy Riklin

8. Digitale Nachhaltigkeit in der Strategie des Bundesrates für eine Informationsgesellschaft in der Schweiz 14.04.2011 – Interpellation 11.3380 – Thomas Weibel

9. Öffnung der Datenbestände des Bundes. Open Government Data 28.09.2011 – Motion 11.3871 – Edith Graf-Litscher

10. Masterplan für Open Government Data 29.09.2011 – Postulat 11.3902 – Kathy Riklin

11. Open Government Data als strategischer Schwerpunkt im E-Government 29.09.2011 – Postulat 11.3884 – Christian Wasserfallen