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SAT has recently undertaken a number of impartial coverage drive tests for the new generation of mobile phone system (4G LTE) in the metropolitan areas. The findings are interesting and it shows the early stages of rollout from the centre of the cities are established. Coverage of the outer suburbs is not there yet as of February 2013 however the carriers do have an aggressive rollout plan to provide capital city coverage to ~98% of the populous by around the end of 2013. The outcomes from the studies also show the variance from different network providers. SAT has also done some comparison testing to the 3G networks and discusses the benefits of using public networks versus private networks for various applications. Dale Stacey, Technical Director, SAT Pty
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SAT Pty Ltd
4G Coverage, Capacity and Quality
An impar<al User View
By Dale Stacey / Andy Passell Communica6ons Systems Design Engineer SAT Pty Ltd www.satpty.com [email protected] / [email protected]
SAT Pty Ltd
[email protected]/ www.satpty.com © SAT PTY LTD
DISCLAIMER: ‘This is the personal view of SAT Pty Ltd. SAT are an independent and impar&al Consultancy, the outcomes of network evalua?on shown are generalis?c, in most cases a more thorough examina?on of the detail is needed. The parameters for a given area are subject to change and this is done privately in the operators back room for various reasons. SAT is not party to this work. Also the informa?on herein is subject to change and SAT are not guaranteeing the accuracy of the informa?on and as much of the analysis has been gained by interpola?on, extrapola?on and stealth and is subject to some error. SAT take no responsibility for this. This is a methodology of comparison evalua?on to help end users define what is important and how to go about defining and obtaining informa?on they seek. The informa?on presented herein is not absolute and will require detailed individual evalua?on. Care is required in interpreta?on, with some of the constraints/assump?ons etc. (For example We will go into detail on 1800 MHz, Optus have already declared their main priority for development is the low 2 GHz band) SAT does not intend to represent or misrepresent the carriers here or take responsibility in any shape or form for this.’
SAT Pty Ltd
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Note due to confiden<ality agreements. Some of the site names and coordinates have been changed or removed in this presenta<on. Plus some of the data sets have been manipulated. Whilst Principles and Conclusions are generally correct. The work herein should not be taken as actuals. It is for example and illustra<on purposes only !
SAT Confiden<ality Protec<on
SAT Pty Ltd
SAT Company Profile and Presenter Dale Stacey
• SAT Pty Ltd is a consultancy/integrator specializing in communica<on system solu<ons from the regular scenarios to unusual. (e.g. corporate communica<on systems to rapid and remote site deployment solu<ons. )
• Projects have been on 4 con<nents of the world in some of the most inhospitable and inaccessible places for U<li<es (Water, Electricity, Railways and Councils), Power Companies, Oil, Gas and mining. (e.g. Russia, Kazakhstan, river gorges, 4000m peaks)
• We deal with the whole project life cycle elements from strategy, business case, planning, design, through to frequency license procurement, installa<on, commissioning, handover, training and maintenance as required.
• Designed numerous SCADA Communica<ons Networks for U<li<es and Project Managed roll out, implementa<on.
• Drive tested numerous networks for Mobile, 3G, SCADA, Railway, Mesh IP, PMR • Spot tested LOS Microwave systems, SCADA, Broadcas<ng Systems • SAT are not aligned to any one equipment supplier or network service. Thus as such we can
offer totally impar<al advice as to the best way a client can meet their end coverage and service needs
• Dale Stacey is a Chartered Engineer (CEng MIET), specializing in communica<ons systems, Gradua<ng from the University of Bath in the UK with a degree in Electronics/Electronic Engineering, he has over 20 years experience of engineering radio solu<ons. He also teaches radio system design and avionics all over the world and has wriaen a book ‘Aeronau<cal Radio Communica<on Systems and Networks’ published by Wiley – 2008.
[email protected] www.satpty.com © SAT PTY LTD
SAT Pty Ltd
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NETWORK PARAMETERS
Coverage Extent to where network serves
Priority day one (Popula6on %, Area)
Capacity Ability for network to support Bandwidth, Mul<ple channels
• Priority for making money, • business drivers, • Mature network. • Reason for Upgrading
Cwality (Quality) QOS Availability Reliability Queue stack
• Regula<on • Mandates • Enable applica<on defini<on • Enable applica<on expecta<on / SLA
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Public Mobile Networks The Legacy
1975 1980 1990 2005 2012 TIME
Network Dominance Can be in terms of -‐% coverage -‐Penetra<on -‐number of subscribers
1G-‐FDMA 2G-‐ GSM 2.5G 3G-‐CDMA 4G-‐LTE 5G
TODAY
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INOVATION AND IMPROVEMENTS
Genera6on
1 G 2G 2.5G 3G 4G 5G
Format TBD GSM DAMPS
GPRS IS95 CDMA2000 WCDMA (TDD and FDD)
LTE (FDD and TDD)
TBD ITU WRC
Modula<on/Access
FDMA TDMA TDMA CDMA OFDM TBD ITU WRC
Type Analogue Digital Digital Digital Digital Digital
Services Voice Voice Voice plus limited data
Voice and Data
Data Dominated + Voice
Data Dominated + Voice
Payload Bandwidth (Data speed)
4.8 kbps Sub 13 kbps
56 kbps UMTS 384 kbps HSDPA DL 14.4 to 42 Mbps (Telstra)
High Mobility 100 Mbps Low Mobility 1 Gbps
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
GSM GSM 2.5
3G LTE
Compara<ve Data Speeds
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Adop<on of LTE technology as of May 8, 2012. Countries with commercial LTE service Countries with commercial LTE network deployment on-‐going or planned Countries with LTE trial systems (pre-‐commitment)
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‘The Tes6ng tool kit’ DESIGN • Coverage Predic<on tools with enhanced SRTM data (plus DTED, cluaer, other), augmented by some feedback of actual results. • Full site Database (filtered, corrected ACMA database corrected as necessary) • Full database of the 3G sites (Telstra, Optus, Vodafone and 3) and SAT are in the process of revising coverage expecta<on as mergers of Vodafone and 3 occur plus site sharing is strengthened between Optus, Vodafone. • We have the tools and ability to accurately predict 3G/4G operator coverage (different from what is published by their marke<ng people. “GLOSSIES’)
TEST • Full suite of test gear including Anritsu cell master analyzer with LTE FD and TD protocol and over the air analysis with GPS plopng • Pump up masts, access to temporary towers. • Resources in all Australian States (although this study concentrates on Sydney)
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Telstra Optus Vodafone
700 MHz** 2 x 20 MHz (1/1/2015)
2 x 10 MHz NONE
1800 MHz * 2 x 15 MHz (17/6/2028)
2 x 15 MHz (Sydney) (17/6/2028)
2 x 20 MHz (May June 2015)
2.3 GHz ~40 MHz TDD ?
91 MHz LTE-‐TDD (23/7/2015)
NONE
2.5 GHz 2 x 40 MHz (1/10/2014)
2 x 20 MHz (30/9/2029)
NONE
3.4 GHz 17.5 MHz (13/12/15)
96.5 MHz in Syd Possible LTE (13/12/2015)
NONE
SPECTRUM HOLDINGS
(Expiry date) *Note in the 1800 MHz band there have been some wholesale network frequency changes as spectrum licences expired in June/July 2013 and new ones kicked in [** new outcome s<ll not registered on ACMA website or in radcomm database]
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ACMA Licence Company Area Base Rx low Base Tx High validity
9263447 Telstra Sydney 1.71-‐1.7225 1.805-‐1.8175 17/6/2028
9263448 Optus Sydney 1.755-‐1.77 1.85-‐1.865 17/6/2028
9263451 Railcorp Sydney 1.77-‐1.7725 1.865-‐1.8675 17/6/2028
9263452 Vodafone Sydney 1.725-‐1.74 1.82-‐1.835 17/6/2028
9263498 Telstra Sydney 1.7225-‐1.725 1.8175-‐1.82 17/6/2028
9263509 Vodafone Sydney 1.74-‐1.75 1.835-‐1.845 3/5/2105
9263510 Vodafone Sydney 1.75-‐1.755 1.845-‐1.85 3/5/2015
9263523 Railcorp Sydney 1.7725-‐1.785 1.8675-‐1.88 3/5/2015
SYDNEY SPECIFIC 1800 MHz licence holdings
Source hap://web.acma.gov.au/pls/radcom/spectrum_search.cat_lis<ng
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DECLARED VODAFONE COVERAGE 14/8/13 (Non explicit to 3G or 4G)
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COMPARISONS TELSTRA/VODAFONE/OPTUS
TELSTRA VODAFONE OPTUS
3 G coverage Best penetra<on of suburban and Rural areas
Worst penetra<on of Rural Areas
Medium rural area penetra<on
4 G coverage Best Worst Medium
4G D/L speeds
Up to 40 Mbps published
Up to 40 Mbps published Average 15 Mbps
Poten<ally best posi<oning for Capacity
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Registered LTE Base Sta<ons at 1/11/13 • (note this is indica<ve of coverage only, risk that one network provider is more diligent in upda<ng device registra<ons than another distor<ng this analysis.) • Note only considered registra<ons ayer 1/11/12 and assumed all to be for LTE (gross assump<on) • Note devices are mainly in the 1800 MHz band
In Greater Sydney 1 Nov 2013
Telstra LTE devices registered 3238 Registered Tx’s in 1800 MHz band
Optus LTE devices registered 1355 registered Tx’s in 1800 MHz band
Vodafone devices registered 2038 registered Tx’s in 1800 MHz band
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COVERAGE STATE OF PLAY NOVEMBER 2011 VALIDATED BY SOME DRIVE TESTING • Arbitrary drive test Mona Vale to Liverpool (to target known
fringe coverage area) • 1800 MHz band only (not representa<ve for Optus) • Same test config/antennas/feeders for all scenarios • (RF bandwidths normalised) • Green indicates beaer than -‐107 dBm Base to Mobile (Note
Base to Mobile analysis) • Receive level measurements are for the Synchronisa<on Signal
(SS) channel; not traffic channel.
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OPTUS REGISTERED 1800 MHz LTE BASE STATION DEPOLMENT NOV 2013
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CONCLUSIONS 1. Today 3G and 4G(LTE) networks provide a number of opportuni<es for carriage of
Communica<ons and SCADA Automa<on type applica<ons. 2. At the moment the ubiquitous coverage for 3G networks dominate over 4G but this balance
will change with <me. (Note 4G is actually targeted for smaller cells larger capacity to supplement and augment 3G currently with a succession plan later )
3. Conversely the delivery capacity and poten<al for 4G is many magnitudes greater. LTE rollouts are happening quickly with complementary services to 3G (eg enhanced bandwidth, more convergence, and seamless to the mass user etc)
4. Note LTE is targeted for 98% of the popula<on which is s<ll well less than 5% of the Australian Geographic Area. The coverage/capacity profile of any or one of the networks may not necessarily lend itself to the applica<on coverage area, in which case a Private Network jus<fica<on will always prevail (subject of course to budget)
5. The business case for either Private or Public network will ul<mately be a func<on of the detailed user scenario with careful analysis of Coverage, Capacity and Quality delivery to the service applica<on area of concern. Substan<ate where necessary by drive tests.
6. Strategically care should be given to deciding whether to use Private or Public networks. 7. Whilst the actual coverage profile for LTE correlates with the Carriers glossy marke<ng
publica<ons, there are frequently holes that only show up with more detailed analysis and drive tes<ng.
8. There is Convergence in the industry between Comms, SCADA, Automa<on and applica<on (apps). In some cases the applica<on can make a decision on which media best suits or is available seamlessly to the end user.
