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We all hear the term "DevOps" being thrown around on a daily basis, but what does it actually mean? With a little help from everyone's favourite 80's action hero, we'll undergo a whistle-stop tour of the philosophy, culture and tooling behind this buzzword, specifically aimed at Java developers. We'll also look at a real-world case study from Instant Access Technologies Ltd, and explore the key role that DevOps has played during a successful upgrade of the epoints customer loyalty platform to support increasing traffic. The core discussion will focus on the challenges encountered as we moved from a JVM-based monolithic app deployed into a data centre on a 'big bang' schedule, to a platform of loosely-coupled components, all being continuously deployed into the Cloud. We will conclude the talk by recommending a learning path for Java developers who are interested to learn more about DevOps.
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Chuck Norris Doesn’t Need DevOps…but Java Developers might benefit
Daniel BryantCTO, Instant Access Technologies
[email protected]@taidevcouk
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
epoints.com 2012/13 Upgrade…
• Increasing traffic – Scalability being stretched
• Increasingly diverse requirements
• Our starting point– Developers creating monolithic application– Manual QA– Operations deploying to data center
10/04/2023
Core Changes…
• Service-Oriented Architecture
• Cloud-based deployments
• DevOps Culture
@taidevcouk
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Core Changes…
• Service-Oriented Architecture– Twitter’s Story (bit.ly/1j1WbmI)
• Cloud-based deployments– “Cloud DHARMA”, 7th May at Skillsmatter
• DevOps Culture– Today!
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
What is DevOps?
• “…a software development method that stresses communication, collaboration and integration between developers and IT professionals.”
• “…aims to help an organization rapidly produce software products and services”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DevOps
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
What’s in a Name?
• “Development / Operations”
• Increasing cohesion between:– Business– Development– Quality Assurance– Operations
“Bu-Dev-Qa-Ops”?
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
yeah…‘DevOps’ sounds way cooler…
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Two Sides of the Same ‘DevOps’ Coin…
• Business-driven– ‘Creating organizational alignment’– Value stream mapping– Waste analysis
• Pragmatic Tech– Pushing Agile/XP into QA and Ops– Cross-functional empowerment– Tooling
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
So, What’s Chuck Norris Doing Here?
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Chuck Norris doesn’t need DevOps……as a one-man army he codes with one hand, tests with the other and deploys with his beard
The rest of us……work in teams to develop software
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Software Development Teams
• Developers
• Quality Assurance
• Operations
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Software Development Teams
• Developers
• Quality Assurance
• Operations
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Software Development Teams
• Developers
• Quality Assurance
• Operations
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Software Development Teams
• Developers
• Quality Assurance
• Operations
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
This silo mentality has to stop
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Culture is Vital
• Culture drives behaviour, drives culture…– “Communication, simplicity, feedback, courage” – Everyone is responsible for delivery– Continuous experimentation and learning
• Not easy to change culture– The hardest part of DevOps…– …but you will learn new things
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Changing Culture
• Greenfield– Flickr’s story (slidesha.re/sHpYV)– “Why other people don’t get it”
• Sandro Mancuso (slidesha.re/1bcStpe)
• Enterprise– “The Pheonix Project”
• Gene Kim et al
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Changing Culture
• Create an effective team…
• “Habits of highly effective technical teams” – Martijn Verburg (bit.ly/1aF9SnK)
• “Patterns of Effective Teams”– Dan North (vimeo.com/68226771)
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Chuck Norris doesn’t do iterative development……all applications Chuck Norris creates are right first time, every time
The rest of us……need to enable agility (for both the business and technical teams)
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
We all do Continuous Integration, right?
• Continuous Deployment/Delivery– Jez Humble and Dave Farley– Great InfoQ Video (bit.ly/XugWi8)
• Create a “build pipeline”– Goal is fast feedback
• Continuous Deployment– Production?
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Our Build Pipeline
Jenkins, with plugins…
• Build Pipeline– wiki.jenkins-ci.org/display/JENKINS/Build+Pipeline+Plugin
• Parameterized build– wiki.jenkins-ci.org/display/JENKINS/Parameterized+Build
• Promoted Builds Plugin– wiki.jenkins-ci.org/display/JENKINS/Promoted+Builds+Plugin
• Chuck Norris plugin… – wiki.jenkins-ci.org/display/JENKINS/ChuckNorris+Plugin
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Our Build Pipeline
• Component Build– Compile– Unit Tests (surefire)– Integration Tests (failsafe)
• Deployment onto QA Cloud– Python Scripts + Chef to provision– Verify success using Python
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Our Build Pipeline
• Acceptance Tests– Cucumber and Selenium– Work in progress…
• Performance Tests– Jmeter– Jenkins Jmeter performance plugin
• Staging / Live Deployment– Human-based conditional operation
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Gotchas
• Managing dependencies in SOA is hard, very hard
• Branching– Gitflow, Branch Per Feature, or Mainline
• Migrating data can be challenging– Liquibase / Flyway– MongoDB / Solr Schema versions in data– Wooga case study (bit.ly/1egArDC)– Shout out to Daniel Josefsson @ Shazam for tips!
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Chuck Norris doesn’t do QA……Chuck Norris can test an entire application with a single assert (and get 110% code coverage)
The rest of us……need high-quality automated QA
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Automating QA
• Unit testing is essential
• Intra-component integration testing– Spock is awesome (code.google.com/p/spock)
– Utilise embedded datastore/middleware
• Inter-component integration testing– The hardest part of SOA…
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Automating QA
• Consumer-based Testing– Brandon Byars (bit.ly/1lmcoaD)
• Performance– JMeter + plugins (jmeter-plugins.org)– BlazeMeter
• Website– Selenium (www.seleniumhq.org)– Geb (www.gebish.org)
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Automating QA
• Make it easy for everyone to execute
• Include within the build pipeline
• Make people care – fail the build!
• “Agile Testing” by Lisa Crispin, Janet Gregory
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Chuck Norris doesn’t need an OS……his keyboard has two keys, 0 and 1
The rest of us……need to provision bare metal, and also be comfortable with the OS
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Say No To Snowflakes!
• Infrastructure as Code– Version control everything
• Automate all provisioning– Chef, Puppet, SaltStack, Python, AWS CLI
• Play with Vagrant (www.vagrantup.com)– “providers” are super cool
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Thinking/Acting Like A Sysadmin
• Learn Linux fundamentals
• Diagnostic skills– top, iotop, iostat, netstat, vmstat– Java utils: jps, jstat, jmap, jhat– “DevOps Troubleshooting” by K. Rankin
• Maybe grow a beard…
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Chuck Norris doesn’t fail……he just finds a new way in which reality is broken
The rest of us……should plan for failure
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Failure
“Everything fails all the time [in the cloud]”Werner Vogels, CTO, Amazon.com
• 21st Century Application Architecture– www.skillsmatter.com (bit.ly/10jAdSV)
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Black Swan Theory
“…is a metaphor that describes an event that comes as a surprise, has a major effect, and is often inappropriately rationalized after the fact with the benefit of hindsight”
Nassim Nicholas Taleb, The Black Swanhttp://amzn.to/1gaIqxz
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Failure
Pre-Cloud we designed for success…and handled failure.
With Cloud we design for failure… and handle success.
Credit to John Bassil for inspiration here! (@johnbassil)
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Design for Failure
• Design patterns– Asynchronous communication– Timeouts / retries– Bulkheads / circuit-breakers
• Inspiration– Chris Richardson (slidesha.re/1ft3vsg)– Netflix (bit.ly/1h5GMid)
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Antifragile
• The opposite of fragile?– Robust…– Antifragile…
• Netflix are best-in-class– bit.ly/1gs5n3q
• System must be robust first!
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
All arrays Chuck Norris creates are of infinite size……as Chuck Norris knows no bounds
The rest of us……should manage our resources and cultivate ‘mechanical sympathy’
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Mechanical Sympathy
• Be aware of deployment platform properties
• …especially if in the cloud– Block Storage IOPS (100 vs 49k)– 1Gbps Network ( < 125MB/s vs > 400MB/s)– “Noisy neighbours”
• Monitor everything (more on this later)
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
When Chuck Norris throws Exceptions……everybody knows about it because they land outside of the data center
The rest of us……should log all errors (and other vital information for diagnostic purposes)
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Logging
• Log pretty much everything– Use appropriate levels
• Make comments searchable/machine readable– Good tips (bit.ly/hweqm4)
• Use centralised logging – Especially if in the cloud– Logstash, Loggly, Papertrail
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Chuck Norris doesn’t worry about application downtime……Chuck Norris’ production servers are so scared they constantly ping him
The rest of us……should monitor everything
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Monitor All The Things!
• Infrastructure monitoring– Nagios– Zabbix– Splunk– AppDynamics
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Metrics
• Dropwizard’s Metrics– metrics.codahale.com
• Netflix’s Servo– github.com/Netflix/servo
• Etsy’s StatsD– github.com/etsy/statsd/wiki
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Health Checks
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Gauges, Counters, Meters, Timers…
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Inspirational Metrics Companies
• Several trail-blazers– Etsy (www.codeascraft.com)– Netflix (techblog.netflix.com)
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
In Summary…
• DevOps is driving Agile/XP into QA and Ops
• Faster, leaner and more effective software– The ability to rapidly experiment is awesome!
• There are some real benefits behind the buzz
• Now is the time to step-up as a developer
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
The Developer’s DevOps Action Plan
• Think about your company culture• Explore continuous delivery• Learn Linux basics• Automate provisioning• Design for failure• Cultivate mechanical sympathy• Improve logging/metrics
10/04/2023 @taidevcouk
Thanks For Listening
• Massive thanks to all the IAT team– DevOps gurus, Jamie Clarkson and Anjani Phuyal
• Questions / comments?– [email protected]– @taidevcouk
• Devoxx UK 12-13th June– www.devoxx.co.uk
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