Culture levelsfrom Pre- Science to Science to Post-Science

from Hard Science to Soft Science general non-technical introduction

advisors : T. L. Kunii, C. V. Ramamoorthy

Lotfi Zadeh, Hugh Ching

editor: Chien Yi Lee (Amy/’integer lady“ nickname given by Dr. Zadeh)1

Scope of Human KnowledgeSocial Science and Life Science belong to Post-Science or Soft Science because

the complexity of the problems and the standard of acceptance are totally different from Science. Pre-Science is the white area outside the circular areas.

Self-Creation4000 AD

Creation of permanent products

Life Science3000 AD

Complete automation

Social Science 2500 AD

Laws of nature in social science

Science 2000 AD

Finite consideration temporary products

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Scope of Human KnowledgeSocial Science and Life Science belong to Post-Science because the complexity of the problems and

the standard of acceptance are totally different from Science. Pre-Science is the white area outside the circular areas.

Self-Creation: permanent existence / fuzzy / creator-like or god-like behavior

Life Science: Like a creator with the solution of complete automation / crisp logic / 500 choices / creator-like behavior

Social Science: Like a human with the solution of value / mathematical rigor with fuzzy data / formulation of 50 inputs or

factors / human-like behavior

Science : empirical verification / 5 variables / machine-like or robot-like behavior

Crisp logic / exact rigorous mathematics

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from Pre-Science to Science to Post-Sciencefrom Hard Science to Soft Science

• Pre-Science (?- 1500 AD) - descriptive knowledgePre-Science : Social science (morality) and Life science (religion).

• Science (1500 – 2000) – structural and descriptive knowledgeAge of Science : Physic Science, Social Science and Life Science ( all three are mistakenly mixed into one -> Science.)

• Post-Science (2000 – 4000+) – descriptive and structural knowledgePost-Science : Age of Social Science (2000 -2500)Post-Science : Age of Life Science (2500 -3000)Post-Science : Age of Robotic (3000 -3500)Post-Science : Age of Self-Creation (3500 -4000+)

. Post-Creation (4000 - ?) - structural and descriptive knowledge Expanding Range of Tolerance for Survival (Robot/Machine is good, but human is better.) (Evolution is good, but self-creation is better.) (Exact is good, but fuzzy is better.)

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Pre-Science Social Science (?-1500AD)Insects, birds, animals and human are created with common sense

Animal-like behavior Fuzzy• Mixed up the nature of science and social Science

Science deals with material behavior, time-invariant quantities.Social Science deals with human behavior, human actions, planning, value, prices or decision making, time-variant/invariant quantities.

• Mixed up time-variant and time-invariant quantitiesOnly time-invariant data can be used in the future.Time-variant data can not apply to the future.

The use of Big Data: the concept of time-variant data, such as prices, decisions, value, plans, which changes continually to infinity in time and are calculated data, not surveyed data, generally USELESS to collect.• Man-made law

The non-violable law of nature in social science had not yet been discovered.

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Age of Science : Physics, Chemistry, Biology (Hard Science is the center of knowledge 1500-2000)

Robot/Machine-like behavior Exact

• # of man-made law in Physical Science = 0• Science deals exclusively with time-invariant quantities or phenomena, which satisfy the test

of empirical verification. • Examples: Gravitation, Atomic Bomb, Dynamite, Planetary motion, moon landing, F=G x (m1 x m2)/r 2, e=mc2 , Animal motion, Jumpulse,dynamic contact, touch.• Isaac Newton, Rene Descartes, David Hume, Ta-You Wu (Jumpulse), John von Neumann,

Richard Feynman ( never talk about social science) are best examples of scientists. Math is a descriptive language in the age of science.

• Newton and other scientists: discovered non-violable laws of nature in Physical Science. • Consideration in finite time• Impulse was discovered by Isaac Newton (father of Physics) 6

Social Science in the Age of Science: (Hard Science is the center of knowledge 1500-2000)

Robot/Machine-like behavior advocate competition• Value-absent in Physical Science; Social Science is mistakenly mixed into

Science.• Industry revolution; man-made technology; human technology; Competition is

the engine of progress in the absence of a rational method of arbitration• finite spreadsheet : Excel• Peer review: compare to the past (within the box; true original should have no

peers)• Technical analysis, data mining and behavior science are all incorrect. (mixed

up time-variant and time-invariant – only time-invariant data can be compared to the past and carried to the future)

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Social Science in the Age of Science (Hard Science is the center of knowledge 1500-2000)

Robot/machine-like behavior advocate competition• Science deals with problems in a finite controlled environment, therefore, It is finite and certain. • Man-made law – may in conflict with non-violable laws of nature of Social Science The 20th century greatest thinker late Dr. Milton Friedman suggested that there should be no man-

made law ( deregulation ). Non-violable laws of nature of Social Science, such as the solution of value, has been discovered

by Hugh Ching. Whether you believe or not believe, accept or not accept, it exists. Non-violable laws of nature of Social Science and a logical relationship had been introduced to US

Federal Reserve Board (2012) 1.PQ=VM (saved the whole world from another great depression)

2.solution of value(infinite spreadsheet : non-violable laws of nature) 3. rate of return > interest > inflation http://www.federalreserve.gov/SECRS/2012/September/20120907/R-1443/R-1443_082012_108256_509635099759_1.pdf 8

Soft Science : Social Science and Life Science Post-Science (2000-4000 +) advocate cooperation

Why is reality fuzzy? Why is the living system fuzzy?

Because in the process of expanding the range of tolerance in order to survive all the possibility of uncertain future, precision is sacrificed.

• Non-violable laws of nature regulate all material and human behaviors.• The laws in science are exact and based on empirical verification.• The laws in social science are fuzzy and are accepted based on mathematical verification.• Uncertainty requires fuzzification to expand the range of tolerance to cover all possibilities in

uncertain future. Life science is based on logic verification.• All valid decisions are part of an Infinite Spreadsheet within the range of tolerance.• The range of tolerance of the non-violable laws in social science gives the illusion of freedom.• Fuzzification or diversification causes complexity. • Complete automation solves unlimited complexity.

Soft Science: Social Science and Life SciencePost-Science (2000-4000 +) advocate cooperation

Human-like behavior Fuzzy + Exact• Rational decision making ( post-science social science )• forward-looking (post-science social science ) versus backward-looking (pre-science social science)• Non-violable law of nature in Social Science- Infinite Spreadsheet• Consideration of infinite (Reality is infinite in time and space )• Maximum planning(individual planning/corporation planning/government planning)• Non-Arbitrary/Deterministic system• Project priority based on value/rate of return• completely automated software • Computing with Words: Dr. Lotfi Zadeh/Fuzzy• Computing with Integers:Chien Yi Lee(Amy)/Exact• Both together forms Universal User Interface in Permanent software or completely automated software for

the human language programming• Fuzzy Set theory (human associative memory) and radix theory (machine random access) form the foundation

of computer science. 10

Post-Science or Soft Science pioneers and thoughts and contributors

Human-like behavior Fuzzy + Exact

Immanuel Kant: infinity/non-consequentialism Benedict Spinoza: following reality/solving problem in its entirety David Hilbert: consider Kant the originator of the concept of infinity John Von Neumann posed the problems of value and complete automation Alan Turing: student of Neumann, mapped out the similarity between the foundations of computer and life Kenneth Arrow/Gerard Debrea:Theory of Value/mathematic economists Hugh Ching: discovered non-violable laws of nature in Social Science Hugh Ching: fuzzy input in solution of value/infinite spreadsheet Hugh Ching: completely automated permanent software/Permanent numbers Hugh Ching: knowledge is based on faith, not reason ; self-creation Paul Feyerabend: against method, farewell to reason C.V. Ramamoorthy: Ram Spec (Electronic Brain/Ramamothy specification); T.L. Kunii: leader of descriptive knowledge/Homotopy Encryption Lotfi Zadeh: fuzzy logic and fuzzy reality/range of tolerance 11

Soft Science: Social Science and Life SciencePost-Science (2000-4000 +) advocate cooperation

Creator/God/Aliens behavior Fuzzy + Exact• Rational decision making• forward-looking versus backward-looking • Non-violable law of nature in Social Science-Infinite Spreadsheet• Consideration of infinite(Reality is infinite in time and space )• Maximum planning(individual/government)• Non-Arbitrary/Deterministic system• Project priority based on value/rate of return• completely automated software; to copying creator’s technology – the living system• Computing with Words: Dr. Lotfi Zadeh/Fuzzy• Computing with Integers:Chien Yi Lee(Amy)/Exact• Both together forms Universal User Interface in Permanent software or completely automated software for

the human language programming• Fuzzy Set theory (human associative memory) and radix theory (machine random access) form the foundation

of computer science. 12

Soft Science: Social Science and Life SciencePost-Science (2000-4000 +) advocate cooperation

Creator/God/Aliens-like behavior Fuzzy + Exact• Rigor of General Logic• Fuzzification and expanding range of tolerance in creation • Complete automation is the solution to unlimited complexity• The enhanced intelligence will allow mankind to self-create by the improvement

of Self-Manufactured General Purpose Robot controlled by completely automated software, which will ultimately be developed into DNA. In the process of self-creation, mankind will realize from the design specification the purpose of its own existence, namely, self-creation, for what is created will be able to do anything the creator can do. 

• Joining the Wisdom and the Heritage of the Universe by copying creator’s technologies.

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Soft Science : Social Science and Life Science Post-Science (2000-4000 +) Fuzzy + Exact

Thinkers raise society culture levelKnowledge is based on faith , not reason.

Current(IQ is the measure of analytic ability)

Hard Science: Physics, Chemistry, BiologyBrainwashed by science

Current to Future(perception, creativity, analytic ability, thinking ability)

Soft Science: Social and Life ScienceIndependent thinking

Science is establishmentHard science is the center of knowledge

Math is a descriptive language in the age of science

Post-Science becomes establishmentSoft Science moves to center stage of

knowledge Math is for Social Science

Science advocate competition Post-Science advocate cooperation

Human works like robot-substituted before robot is created

Thinkers raise society culture level14

Soft Science : Social Science and Life SciencePost-Science (2000-4000+) Fuzzy + Exact

Thinkers raise society culture levelCurrent : Science

( in the box )Current to Future : Post-Science

( independent thinking )

English –Like Source code :Unpredictable/un-known future form/Non-portable

Integer-like Universal Computer Source code (Computing With Integers):Predictable/portable/integer form forever

DNA discovered by Scientific Experiment using microscope by Watson and Crick 1953 with little understanding.Man-made technology

DNA discovered by Theoretical Deduction based on the discovery of completely automated Self-generating Software by Hugh Ching, Founder of Post-Science, 1986 with understanding to simulate the living thing.copying creator’s technology

Freedom is restricted only for material objects by non-violable laws of nature in physical science.

Freedom is completely restricted for material and human behaviors by non-violable laws of nature in physical and social sciences, and creations, by the Requirement of Permanence.

Evolution, Random choice at infinite past Self-Creation, evolution being part of design 15

Soft Science: Social Science and Life SciencePost-Science (2000-4000+) Fuzzy + Exact

Uncommon sense is the knowledge of the creator of the living system and is needed to discover the discipline of the universe.

From : Hard Science Physics, Chemistry, Biology Science

To : Soft ScienceSocial Science and Life Science

Post-Science

Exact (idealized modeling) Fuzzy + Exactfaith in empirical verification

religion of scienceMathematics foundation should be Radix Theory.

Set theory is fuzzy. Fuzzy set is redundant.

Computer Science has no foundation and is wrongbecause of finite consideration, partially automated,

artificial standard.Man-made technology

Computer Science foundation should be Set Theory and Radix Theory for achieving complete automation and permanent existence. Natural standard copying creator’s technology

Computer Science has no discipline The discipline of Computer/life Science should be the requirement of permanence

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Soft Science : Social Science and Life Science Post-Science (2000-4000 +) Fuzzy + Exact

Thinkers raise society culture levelReality is fuzzy and infinite, and the future is permanently uncertain.

Science (IQ is the measure of analytic ability)

Hard Science: Physics, Chemistry, BiologyBrainwashed by the establishment

Post-Science(perception, creativity, analytic ability, thinking ability)

Soft Science: Social and Life ScienceIndependent thinking

Uncommon sense in the form of Logic, mathematics, and science

Uncommon sense is the knowledge of the creator of the living system and is needed to

discover the discipline of the universe

In a define time and spaceIn a controlled environment

Finite and certain

Expand range of tolerance of the creationFor surviving all the possibilities of the

uncertain future

money/power-oriented animal society knowledge-oriented human society17

THREE LEVELS OF DECISION MAKINGECONOMICS AND FINANCE BELONG TO SOCIAL SCIENCE, NOT

PHYSICAL SCIENCE• FIRST LEVEL : COMMON SENSE BASED ON PERCEPTION OR INTUITION WHEN THE RANGE OF TOLERRANCE SUFFICIANT TOO LARGE. EXAMPLED BY DEALING DAILY LIFE ; DESCRIPTIVE KNOWLEDGE• SECOND LEVEL : INFINITE SPREADSHEET EXACT SOLUTION IS

MATHEMATICAL RELATIONSHIP CORRESPONDING TO REALITY - UNCOMMON SENSE ; STRUCTURE KNOWLEDGE; EXAMPLES: CALCULATED STOCK RATE OF RETURN OR REAL ESTATE PRICE DETERMINATION• THIRD LEVEL : FUZZY INFINITE SPREADSHEET EXACT SOLUTION IS THE

MOST ACCURATE DESCRIPTION OF REALITY; STRUCTURE KNOWLEDGE IS USED TO PREDICT FINANCIAL CRISES; UNCOMMON SENSE

FINANCIAL CRISES SHOWS THE URGENCY TO ADVANCE FROM HARD TO SOFT SCIENCES

Milton Friedman tried to make economics more scientific using Karl Popper’s falsification theory.John von Neumann tried to solve the most relevant problems of value and complete automation, but left the solutions unfinished. Incorrect value causes S&L Crisis and the Subprime Woe. Ching predicted both crises with the solution of value. In mathematical Economics, Gerald Debreu defined the problem of value in his book Theory of Value with mathematical rigor.Kenneth Arrow questions page 34 of the book on discounted cash flow calculation, which is corrected in Ching’s solution of value, and which makes all other method of valuation invalid.Von Neumann, Arrow, and Debreu have raised the Soft Science of economics to be harder than Hard Science; it is Formal Soft Science.Conclusion: Soft Science needs rigorous formulation of the problem, but can relax the accuracy of the inputs. The solution of financial crises lies in Soft Science.

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KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT• KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY : NON-VIOLABLE LAW OF NATURE IN SOCIAL

SCIENCE, LIKE GRAVITATION IN SCIENCE ; FINITE SPREADSHEET INSTABILITY MUST BE STOPPED BY INFINITE SPREADSHEET

• RESEARCH : SOLUTION OF VALUE; COMPLETELY AUTOMATED AND SELF-GENERATED SOFTWARE ; PATENTED

• DEVELOPMENT : REAL ESTATE VALUATION DOMINATE EAST BAY LISTING• EDUCATION : INTRODUCED INFINITE SPREADSHEET VALUATION TO NATIONAL

SCIENCE FOUNDATION AND FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD AROUND; THEN, TO THE WHOLE WORLD

• APPLICATION : INFINITE SPREADSHEET STOCK RATE OF RETURN AND REAL ESTATE VALUATION

• MARKETING : TO THE WHOLE WORLD