PASS Strand: Structure and Function in Living Systems
Objectives:
Specialized structures perform specific functions at all levels
of complexity (e.g., leaves on trees and wings on birds).
3. Organelles
objects inside a cell, which carry out specific functions
within the cell.
4. Cell Wall
a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of
plants and some other organisms
Make of touch, yet flexible material called cellulose
Helps to protect and support the cell
Water and oxygen can pass through the cell wall
Ex. Screen on a window
5. Cell Membrane
Located just inside the cell wall in plants .
Animals, it is the outside boundary that separates cells from its
environment.
6. Nucleus
Acts as the brain of the cell. It directs all the cells
activities.
7. Organelles in the Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
area between the cell membrane and nucleus.
Gel-like fluid in which many organelles are found.
8. Mitochondria
Rod shaped structures
The powerhouse of the cell
Produce most of the energy the cell needs to carry out its
functions.
9. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Maze of passageways
Carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to
another.
10. Ribosomes
Grain-like bodies attached to the outside of the endoplasmic
reticulum
Also found floating in the cytoplasm.
Factories to produce proteins.
11. Golgi Bodies
Flattened collection of sacs and tubes
Cells mail room
Receive proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic
reticulum, package them, and send them off to other parts of the
cell.
12. Chloroplasts
Large green structures floating in cytoplasm.
Capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the
cell.
Give plants green color.
13. Vacuoles
Large, round, water-filled sac floating in the cytoplasm.
Storage area of the cell.
Plant cells (mostly) have 1 large vacuole.
Animal cells may or may not have one.
14. Lysosomes
Small round structures that contain chemicals that break down
large food particles into smaller ones.
Recycle old cell parts so they can be used again.
15. Bacterial Cells
Smaller than plant or animal cells
Has a cell wall and cell membrane
Has no nucleus
Genetic material (looks like waded string) is found in
cytoplasm
Contain ribosomes, but no other organelles
16. Bacterial cells
17.
18. Specialized Cells
Cells are suited to the functions they carry out.
Ex. Blood cells look different than nerve cells and have
different jobs.
19.
20. Lets review the differences between plant and animal
cells
21. Cell No 5 Song
(and theres an easy way to remember it!)
22. TEXTBOOK: Human Biology and Health How the Body is
Organized
23.
PASS Strand: Structure and Function in Living Systems
Objectives:
Living systems are organized by levels of complexity , i.e.
cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems, organisms, and
ecosystems.)
24.
The levels of organization in the human body consist of cells,
tissues, organs, and organ systems.
Organ systems together make organisms. Organisms create
ecosystems.
25. C E L L S
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
Cells- -basic unit of structure and function in a living
thing.
Unicellularorganism which only has one cell
Multicellularcomplex organism made up of several cells
26. Tissues
a group of similar cells that perform the same function.
Perform a specific job .
27.
28. Tissues
a. Muscle tissuecells can contract or shorten
b. Nerve tissuecarries messages between brain and body
c. Connective tissueSupport for body, connects all parts of
body
d. Epithelial tissueCovers the surfaces of your body, inside
and out
29. Organs
a structure that is composed of different kinds of tissue .
Performs a specific job.
30. Organs
Heart is an organ. Function: pumps blood through your body. Is
made up pf 4 kinds of tissue. Each helps with the overall job.
Kidneys -- two bean -shaped organs. Helps keep water volume in
body constant. Helps remove wastes from body and helps regulate
blood pressure
Skin largest organ . Covers and protects body.
31. Organ System
a group of organs that work together to perform a major
function
32.
Circulatory carries materials to body cells, carries wastes
away from body cells helps fight disease .
33. Organ System
Digestive takes food into the body, breaks food down , and
absorbs the digestive materials
34. Organ System
Immune
Fights
disease
35. Organ System
Muscular Enables the body to move, moves food through the
digestive system, keeps the heart beating
36. Organ System
Nervous detects and interprets information from the environment
outside the body and from within the body, controls most body
functions
37. Organ System
Respiratory Takes oxygen into the body and eliminates carbon
dioxide
38. Organ System
Skeletal Supports the body, protects it, and works with muscles
to allow movement, makes blood cells and stores some materials
39.
Examples: LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
1. Bone cell responsible for bone growth and repair.
2. Bone tissue consists of living cells that are separated from
one another by a hard non-living material that gives bones their
strength.
3. Bone organ Ex. Thigh bone or femur consists of different
kinds of tissues. (also contains blood and nerve tissue)
4. Organ system Skeletal system. Made up of over 200 bones.
Includes cartilage and ligaments.
40.
41. Organism
Organ systems come together to produce a living creature . An
individual form of life, such as a plant, animal, bacterium,
protist, or fungus;
42. Ecosystem
A community of plants, ___________, and microorganisms that are
linked by energy and nutrient flows and that interact with each
other and with the physical environment.
43. Interdependence
depending on other things to get a job done. Working
together.