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LED is in the HouseAn in-depth look at developing a custom lighting solution for the iconic Sydney Opera House Concert Hall

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ABSTRACTThe Sydney Opera House, one of the worlds most recognized and celebrated buildings, is an acclaimed live performance venue, hosting more than 1,800 events each year. Within the concert hall, lighting engineers and the technical staff were faced with considerable challenges, including maintaining an aging lighting system with regular failures. Transformers were failing and traditional replacement lamps became harder to find. After searching for the right solution, it became apparent that no existing product could meet the needs of the Opera House, and they ultimately turned to a bespoke or custom solution. This presentation takes a in-depth look into the design process, from start to finish, over a two year period beginning in 2011. We will address many of the design and engineering challenges experienced while working within the historically sensitive environment of the Sydney Opera House, a highly celebrated cultural icon.

LEARNING OBJECTIVESUnderstanding the subtleties between incandescent and LED theatrical in a house lighting systemDiscuss the appeal of LED-based fixtures for theatre or house type applicationsReview the CIE color space and the importance of the black body curve for theatrical and house lightingUnderstand the challenges of adapting LEDs for historically sensitive environments and learn how these challenges were overcome

CONTENTSThe ChallengeProject RequirementsPrototypingTestingDevelopmentInstallationExperienceBenefits

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Jrn Utzon - Architect

In 1958 age 38 submitted design concept in competitionInitially thrown out but retrieved by late arriving member of review team

The Danish architect Jrn Utzon (19182008) grew up in the town of Aalborg, where his father was a naval architect and engineer and director of the local shipyard. A keen sailor, Utzon originally intended to follow his father as a naval engineer, but opted to study architecture. 8

In 1958 age 38 submitted design concept in competitionInitially thrown out but retrieved by late arriving member of review team

The Danish architect Jrn Utzon (19182008) grew up in the town of Aalborg, where his father was a naval architect and engineer and director of the local shipyard. A keen sailor, Utzon originally intended to follow his father as a naval engineer, but opted to study architecture. 9

Jrn Utzon Ove Arup

In 1953 age 38 submitted design concept in competitionInitially thrown out but retrieved by late arriving member of review team10

In 1953 age 38 submitted design concept in competitionInitially thrown out but retrieved by late arriving member of review team11

In 1999, after more than 30 years, there was reconciliation with the Sydney Opera House which resulted in Utzon submitting his Design Principles booklet to the Sydney Opera House Trust in 2002.

In 1953 age 38 submitted design concept in competitionInitially thrown out but retrieved by late arriving member of review team12

Sydney Opera House Lighting Maintenance Issues Down lights in SOH Concert Hall use high energy consuming 110V/250W Halogen LampsThe 240V-110V transformers were over 40 years old and were failingThe 110V lamps were becoming harder to sourceMaintaining the house lighting system requires a lot of staff timeThe roof space is a dangerous environment, changing lamps is a serious safety issue and has to be done multiple times each year

THE CHALLENGEAdapting an advanced lighting solution within a historically sensitive environmentThe Sydney Opera House is included on the UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) World Heritage list alongside other universally treasured places such as the Taj Mahal, the ancient Pyramids of Egypt, the Great Wall of China and the Great Barrier Reef.The Heritage Committee in keeping with the Design Principles would not allow any changes to the visible impact of the luminaires and the overall lighting effect, it must perform as before even though it is LED.

STAGE 1

PROJECT REQUIREMENTSDevelop a solution to meet the artistic, aesthetic and sustainability needs of the Opera House.A retrofit system that looks identical from belowTraditional incandescent dimming that audiences have come to expect from the performance experienceSmooth, flick-free, fade to black dimmingWarming of the color temperature as lamp dims High CRI to maintain rich colors of red fabrics and wood paneling, the overall environment of the interior space must not change.

Why not change to LEDs?

Initial Barriers to LED AdoptionNo wide spread acceptance in this type of application, its not been done beforeLEDs look different, light different, feel differentColor is not permitted, only warm tungsten light desiredLEDs dont dim as smoothly as halogenAvailable optics dont match the specific beams of existing halogen downlightsCooling fans arent permitted because of noise and reliability

FIRST PROTOTYPELAB DEMOInitial Development5 Color - RGBWA ArrayBroad spectrum - High CRICapable of rendering required CCTSufficient power or lumen outputFitting/Beam fits through the existing opening

FIRST PROTOTYPE - LAB DEMO

Initial DrawbacksDimming is not smoothColors are set manuallyMulti-color shadowsPassive cooling (large)

Technical Review

TESTING AND COLOR DESIGN

TESTING AND COLOR DESIGNMatching amber shift dimming

Halogen 2600KLED 2600K

TESTING AND COLOR DESIGNMatching amber shift dimmingHalogen 2100KLED 2100K

SPECTRAL DISTRIBUTION

2600K Warm White, CRI 92Warm White Channel

WATTAGE COMPARISON (W)

Incand-AIR 30 vs.250W Halogen

LUMEN COMPARISON (lm)

Incand-AIR 30 vs.250W Halogen

COLOR TEMPERATURE

Incand-AIR 30 vs.250W Halogen

SECOND PROTOTYPE Enhancements

Preprogrammed incandescent replicating colors Integrated beam, no multi-color shadowingDims out to 0%, smooth fade to blackFits directly into bottom half of existing luminaireBeam color and dimming identical to halogens

LED LEFT, INCANDESCENT RIGHT

The reflector on the halogen was originally supplied as asymmetric by mistake, so the round LED beam is perfect.

The Trial

THE TRIALTrial approved based on the success of the second prototype.8 fittings installed on trial for 1 yearOnly white light is to be evaluated, color not discussed even though fittings have full color capabilities.

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Where is the LED section?

THE TRIAL ResultsFittings integrated perfectly, almost plug and play.For one year SOH observed the performance of the 8 trial fittings working side by side with the legacy halogen fixtures. No one could tell the difference!Its a go butHeritage committee says NO RGB! RGB will need to be disabled in production

FINAL PRODUCT

200 97 CRI LED fittings were commissioned by the SOH and built

BURN IN

FINAL PRODUCTThe Performance (better than the original)High Output 2,000lm60W max power consumption75% energy saving on original 250W HalogenIndependent DMX controlThree modes: Single color, RGB, Incandescent with amber shiftDrop-in, plug and playFit directly into existing down light location5000Hz flicker free dimming

STAGE 2

STAGE 2Replace the existing 575W Par 56 and 1000W Par 64

Same incandescent dimming performanceSame incandescent colorSame high CRISame fade to black dimmingHD video recording compatible 1080p 60fpsNarrow beam down to 8 degrees

STATE 2 SOLUTION PAR 56High CRI 97High Output 5300lm110W power max consumption v 575W60% energy saving on original Par 56Independent DMX controlThree modes: Single color, Full color, IncandescentPlug and play, Drop into existing locations5000Hz flicker free dimming, HD video compatible 1080p 60fps

STAGE 2 PAR 64 SOLUTIONHigh CRI 97High Output 10,600lm 220W power max consumption v 1000W55% energy savingIndependent DMX controlThree modes: Single color, Full color, Incandescent Plug and play, Drop into existing Installation points5000Hz flicker free dimming, HD video compatible 1080p 60fps

FINISHED INSTALLATION

Heritage Committee warms to color!

RESULTSSydney Opera House is awarded for excellence in sustainability, Heritage Buildings category in the NSW governments 2014 Green Globe Awards.75% reduction in electricity consumption, with estimated savings of about $70,000 a year;Greatly reduced need for staff to work in confined ceiling spaces to replace lights (5 times a year before upgrade);Increased capacity to create ambient and specific lighting effects, without the cost of hanging additional lights; andRemoval of about four tonnes of air-conditioning ducting, thanks to less heat being generated.

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Thank You.