LEARNING AREA 2 – COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Topic 2.1 - System Concept

2.1.1 Overview of Computer Systems

2.1.1.1 Define Computer System.A COMPUTER SYSTEM IS DEFINED ASCOMBINATION OF COMPONENTSDESIGNED TO PROCESS DATA ANDSTORE FILES.

DIDEFINISIKAN SEBAGAI KOMBINASIKOMPONEN YANG DIREKA UNTUKMEMPROSES DATA DAN MENYIMPAN FAIL

2.1.1 Overview of Computer Systems

2.1.1.2 State the meaning of input, processor, output and storage.I. INPUT

INPUT IS ANY DATA OR INSTRUCTIONS THAT WE ENTER INTO THE COMPUTER SYSTEM FOR PROCESSING.

II. PROCESSPROCESS IS A MACHINE CYCLE THAT CONSIST FOUR BASIC OPERATIONS, THAT’S ARE FETCHING,ECODING, EXECUTING AND STORING.

III. OUTPUTOUTPUT IS DATA THAT HAS BEEN PROCESSED INTO A USEFUL FORM, CALLED INFORMATION. THERE ARE FOUR TYPES OF OUTPUT, WHICH ARE TEXTS, GRAPHICS, AUDIO AND VIDEO.

IV. STORAGESTORAGE IS A LOCATION WHICH DATA, INSTRUCTION AND INFORMATION ARE HELD FOR FUTURE USE. EVERY COMPUTER USES STORAGE TO HOLD SYSTEM SOFTWARE AND APPLICATION SOFTWARE

2.1.1 Overview of Computer Systems

2.1.1.2 State the meaning of input, processor, output and storage.I. MASUKAN

MASUKAN ADALAH APA-APA DATA ATAU ARAHAN YANG DIMASUKKAN KE DALAM SISTEM KOMPUTER UNTUK DIPROSES

II. PROSESPROSES ADALAH KITARAN MESIN YANG MENGANDUNGI 4 OPERSI IAITU

MENARIK, MENGKOD, MELAKSANA DAN MENYIMPAN.

III. KELUARANKELUARAN ADALAH DATA YANG DIPROSES KE DALAM BENTUK BERGUNA DIPANGGIL MAKLUMAT. ADA 4 JENIS KELUARAN IAITU TEKS, GRAFIK,AUDIO DAN VIDEO.

IV. SIMPANANSIMPANAN ADALAH TEMPAT DI MANA DATA, ARAHAN DAN MAKLUMAT

DISIMPAN UNTUK KEGUNAAN AKAN DATANG. SETIAP KOMPUTER MEMPUNYAI SIMPANAN UNTUK MEMEGANG PERISIAN SISTEM DAN PERISIAN APLIKASI.

2.1.1 Overview of Computer Systems2.1.1.3 Describe the information processing cycle which includes input, process,

output and storage.USER WILL INPUT THE DATA TO BE PROCESSED BY THE PROCESSOR. THESTORAGE HOLDS DATABASES, FILES AND PROGRAMS. THE OUTPUT DEVICESPRESENT THE PROCESSED DATA AS USEFUL INFORMATION PRODUCTS FOR THEUSERPENGGUNA AKAN MEMASUKKAN DATA UNTUK DIPROSES OLEH PEMPROSESAN.SIMPANAN AKAN MEMEGANG PANGKALAN DATA, FAIL DAN PROGRAM. PERANTIKELUARAN MEMPERSEMBAHKAN DATA YANG TELAH DIPROSES KE DALAM BENTUK MAKLUMAT YANG BERGUNA UNTUK PENGGUNA

2.1.2 DATA REPRESENTATION2.1.2.1 State the relationship of data representation : bit, byte and

character.BITA BIT IS THE SMALLEST UNIT OF DATA THAT THE COMPUTER CAN

PROCESS. BIT IS A SHORT FOR BINARY DIGIT. A BIT IS REPRESENTED BY THE NUMBERS 1 AND 0.

MERUPAKAN UNIT DATA TERKECIL DI MANA PC BOLEH MEMPROSESNYA. BIT SANGAT PENDEK UNTUK DIGIT BINARI. IA MEWAKILI NOMBOR 0 DAN 1

BYTEBYTE IS A UNIT OF INFORMATION BUILT FROM BITS. ONE BYTE IS

EQUALS TO 8 BITS. BAIT ADALAH UNIT MAKLUMAT DARIPADA BIT. SATU BAIT BERSAMAAN 8

BIT.

CHARACTER8 BITS = 1 BYTE8 BIT = 1 BAIT

2.1.3 Introduction to Binary Coding

2.1.3.1 Explain the function of ASCII codeTO ACHIEVE COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN VARIOUS TYPES OF DATAPROCESSING EQUIPMENT MAKING IT POSSIBLE FOR THECOMPONENTS TO COMMUNICATE WITH EACH OTHER SUCCESSFULLY.ENABLES MANUFACTURERS TO PRODUCE COMPONENTS THAT AREASSURED TO OPERATE CORRECTLY IN A COMPUTER.ENABLES HUMAN TO INTERACT WITH A COMPUTER.ENABLES USERS TO PURCHASE COMPONENTS THAT ARE COMPATIBLE WITHTHEIR COMPUTER CONFIGURATIONS.

UNTUK MENCAPAI KESESUAIAN ANTARA BERBAGAI JENIS PERALATANMEMPROSES DATA BAGI MENJADIKANNYA SESUAI DENGAN KOMPONEN PCUNTUK BERKOMUNIKASI DENGAN LANCARMEMBENARKAN PEMBUAT KOMPONEN MEMBUAT KOMPONEN YANG BOLEHBEROPERASI DENGAN BETUL DI DALAM PCMEMBENARKAN MANUSIA BERKOMUNIKASI DENGAN PCMEMBOLEHKAN PENGGUNA MEMBELI KOMPONEN PC YANG SESUAI DENGANKONFIGURASI KOMPUTER MEREKA.

2.1.4Data Measurements

2.1.4.1 STATE THE UNIT OF DATA MEASUREMENT

• BIT BIT• BYTES BAIT• KILOBYTES (KB) KILOBAIT• MEGABYTE (MB) MEGABAIT• GIGABYTE (GB) GIGABAIT• TERABYTE (TB) TERABAIT

2.1.5 Clock Speed Measurement

2.1.5.1 Describe the units of clock speed measurement: MEGAHERTZ (MHZ)• MEGA IS A PREFIX THAT STANDS FOR MILLION. THUS, MEGAHERTZ (MHZ)

EQUALS TO ONE MILLION CYCLES OF THE SYSTEM CLOCK. • MEGA ADALAH TAMBAHAN KEPADA JUTA. MAKA MEGAHERTZ BERSAMAAN

DENGAN KITARAN SATU JUTA DARIPADA SISTEM JAM 1 MHZ = 1,000,000

1 SECOND GIGAHERTZ (GHZ)• GIGA IS A PREFIX THAT STANDS FOR BILLION.GIGAHERTZ (GHZ) EQUALS TO

ONE BILLION CYCLES OF THE SYSTEM CLOCK.• GIGA ADALAH TAMBAHAN KEPADA RIBU JUTA. MAKA GIGAHERTZ

BERSAMAAN DENGAN KITARAN SATU RIBU JUTA DARIPADA SISTEM JAM 1 GHZ = 1,000,000,000 CYCLES 1 SECOND 1 GHZ = 1000 MHZ

Topic 2.2 - PERKAKASAN (HARDWARE)

2.2.1 Input Devices

2.2.1.1 Identify the input devices used for text, graphic, audio and video

• Text – keyboard

• Graphic – scanner

• Audio – microphone

• Video – webcam

2.2.2 Output Devices

2.2.2.1 Identify the output devices used for

text, graphic, audio and video

Text/graphic/video Text/graphic

audio

2.2.3 Motherboard

• 2.2.3.1 Identify the location of the central processing unit (CPU), expansion slots, expansion cards, RAM motherboard

central processing unit

expansion slots

RAM motherboard

2.2.4 Storage2.2.4.1 Explain types and function of : - primary stroge (RAM , ROM )PRIMARY STORAGE IS KNOWN AS THE MAIN MEMORY OF A COMPUTER, INCLUDING RAM (RANDOM-ACCESS

MEMORY) AND ROM (READ-ONLY MEMORY) IT IS AN INTERNAL MEMORY (INSIDE THE CPU) THAT CAN BE ACCESSED DIRECTLY BY

THE PROCESSOR.

FUNCTION OF RAM :• RAM IS VOLATILE WHICH MEANS THE PROGRAMS AND DATA IN RAM ARE LOST WHEN

THE COMPUTER IS POWERED OFF.• A COMPUTER USES RAM TO HOLD TEMPORARY INSTRUCTIONS AND DATA NEEDED TO

COMPLETE TASKS. THIS ENABLES THE COMPUTER'S CPU (CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT) TO ACCESS INSTRUCTIONS AND DATA STORED IN THE MEMORY VERY QUICKLY.

• RAM STORES DATA DURING AND AFTER PROCESSING.

FUNCTION OF ROM :• ROM IS NON-VOLATILE. IT HOLDS THE PROGRAMS AND DATA WHEN THE COMPUTER IS

POWERED OFF.• PROGRAMS IN ROM HAVE BEEN PRE-RECORDED. IT CAN ONLY BE STORED BY THE

MANUFACTURER; ONCE IT IS DONE, IT CANNOT BE CHANGED.• MANY COMPLEX FUNCTIONS, SUCH AS START UP OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS,

TRANSLATORS FOR HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGES AND OPERATING SYSTEMS ARE PLACED IN ROM MEMORY.

2.2.4 Storage2.2.4.1 Explain types and function of : - primary stroge (RAM , ROMSTORAN /SIMPANAN PRIMER(UTAMA) DIKENALI SEBAGAI MEMORI UTAMA PC, IA TERMASUK RAM (MEMORI CAPAIAN

RAWAK) DAN ROM (MEMORI CAPAIAN BACA SHJ)IA MERUPAKAN MEMORI DALAMAN (DI CPU/UNIT PEMPROSESAN PUSAT) YANG BOLEH DICAPAI TERUS OLEH PEMPROSES.

FUNGSI RAMRAM ADALAH MERUAP DI MANA PROGRAM DAN DATA DI DALAM RAM AKAN HILANG

APABILA PC DITUTUP.PC MENGGUNAKAN RAM UNTUK MEMEGANG SEMENTARA ARAHAN DAN DATA UNTUK

MENYIAPKAN TUGASAN. INI MEMBOLEHKAN CPU KOMPUTER UNTUK MENCAPAI ARAHAN DAN DATA YANG TERSIMPAN DI DALAM MEMORI DENGAN CEPAT

RAM MENYIMPAN DATA SEMASA DAN SELEPAS BERLAKUNYA PROSES.

FUNGSI ROMROM TIDAK MERUAP DI MANA MAKSUDNYA IA MEMEGANG DATA DAN PROGRAM

WALAUPUN KOMPUTER DITUTUP DAN DIBUKA SEMULAPROGRAM DI DALAM ROM ADA PRA REKOD. IA HANAYA BOLEH DISIMPAN OLEH

PEMBINA PROGRAM. APABILA IA DIBUAT MAKA IA TIDAK BOLEH DIUBAHBANYAK FUNGSI RUMIT SEPERTI MEMBUKA ARAHAN OPERASI, ALAT PENUKARAN

BAHASA ARAS TINGGI DAN SISTEM OPERASI ADALAH TERLETAK DI DALAM ROM.

2.2.4 Storage2.2.4.2 Explain types and function of : - secondary stroge (Magnetic and optical medium AND Flash memory )SECONDARY STORAGE IS ANOTHER ALTERNATIVE STORAGE TO KEEP YOUR WORK ANDDOCUMENTS. IT IS VERY USEFUL TO STORE PROGRAMS AND DATA FOR FUTURE USE.SIMPANAN KEDUA ADALAH SATU LAGI SIMPANAN ALTERNATIF YANG MENYIMPAN KERJADAN DOKUMEN. SANGAT BERGUNA UNTUK MENYIMPAN PROGRAM BAGI MASA DEPAN 1. MAGNETIC MEDIUM / MEDIUM MAGNETIKIS A NON-VOLATILE STORAGE MEDIUM. IT CAN BE ANY TYPE OF STORAGE MEDIUM THATUTILIZES MAGNETIC PATTERNS TO REPRESENT INFORMATION. THE DEVICES USE DISKSTHAT ARE COATED WITH MAGNETICALLY SENSITIVE MATERIAL. THE EXAMPLES OF MAGNETIC STORAGE ARE:• MAGNETIC DISK SUCH AS:

– A FLOPPY DISK, USED FOR OFF-LINE STORAGE– HARD DISK, USED FOR SECONDARY STORAGE

• MAGNETIC TAPE; INCLUDING VIDEO CASSETTE, AUDIO STORAGE REEL-TO- OPTICAL MEDIUM IS A NON-VOLATILE STORAGE MEDIA THAT HOLDS CONTENT IN DIGITAL FORM THAT ARE WRITTEN AND READ BY A LASER. THESE MEDIA INCLUDE VARIOUS TYPES OF CDS AND DVDS.

MERUPAKAN SIMPANAN TIDAK MERUAP. IA BOLEH JADI PELBAGAI JENIS BERBENTUK MAGNETIK UNTUK MEMPERSEMBAHAKAN MAKLUMAT. PERANTI MENGGUNAKAN CAKERA YANG DISALUT BAHAN SENSITIF BERMAGNET

CONTOH SIMPANAN MAGNETIK ADALAH- CAKERA MAGNETIK SEPERTI (DISKET/CAKERA KERAAS- TAPE MAGNETIK TERMASUKLAH VIDEO KASET DAN SEBAGAINYA.

.

2.2.4 Storage2.2.4.2 Explain types and function of : - secondary stroge (Magnetic and optical medium AND

Flash memory )

2. OPTICAL MEDIUM / MEDIUM OPTIKTHESE FOLLOWING FORMS ARE OFTEN COMMONLY USED :CD, CD-ROM, AND DVD: READ ONLY STORAGE, USED FORDISTRIBUTION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION SUCH AS MUSIC,VIDEO AND COMPUTER PROGRAMS.• CD-R: WRITE ONCE STORAGE, THE DATA CANNOT BE ERASED OR WRITTEN OVER

ONCE IT IS SAVED.• CD-RW, DVD-RW, AND DVD-RAM: SLOW TO WRITE BUT FAST READING STORAGE; IT

ALLOWS DATA THAT HAVE BEEN SAVED TO BE ERASED AND REWRITTEN.• REEL TAPE AND OTHERS.BEBERAPA PENDEKATAN SERING DIGUNAKAN SEPERTI: CD: SIMPANAN BACA SAHAJA DIGUNAKAN UNTUK MEMPERSEMBAHKAN

MAKLUMAT DIGITAL SEPERTI MUZIK, VIDEO DAN PROGRAM KOMPUTER- CD-R: SIMPANAN TULIS SAHAJA. DATA TIDAK BOLEH DIPADAM ATAU DITULIS

SEMULA- CD-RW, DVD- RW DAN DVD-RAM: LAMBAT DITULIS TETAPI CEPAT DIBACA SEMULA.

IA MEMBENARKAN DATA DISIMPAN, DIPADAM DAN DITULIS SEMULA- TAPE GELENDONG DAN SEBAGAINYA- DVD=Digital Versatile Disc

2.2.4 Storage2.2.4.2 Explain types and function of : - secondary stroge (Magnetic and

optical medium AND Flash memory )3. FLASH MEMORY• FLASH MEMORY IS A SOLID-STATE, NON-VOLATILE, REWRITABLE

MEMORY THAT FUNCTIONS LIKE RAM AND A HARD DISK DRIVE COMBINED. FLASH MEMORY STORE BITS OF ELECTRONIC DATA IN MEMORY CELLS JUST LIKE DRAM (DYNAMIC RAM), BUT IT ALSO WORKS LIKE A HARD DISK DRIVE THAT WHEN THE POWER IS TURNED OFF, THE DATA REMAINS IN THE MEMORY. FLASH MEMORY CARDS AND FLASH MEMORY STICKS ARE EXAMPLES OF FLASH MEMORY

• MEMORI FLASH SANGAT JELAS, TIDAK MERUAP, MEMORY BOLH BACA,TULIS DAN TULIS SEMULA YANG BERFUNGSI SEPERTI RAM DAN CAKERA KERAS. MEMEORI FLASH MENYIMPAN BITS DARIPADA DATA ELEKTRONIL DI DALAM SEL MEMORI SAMA SEPERTI DRAM(DYNAMIC RAM). MALAH IA JUGA BEKERJA SEPERTI CAKERA KERAS DI MANA WALAUPUN PC DITUTUP DAN DIBUKA SEMULA, DATA KEKAL DALAM MEMORI. KAD MEMORI FLASH DAN KAYU MEMORI FLASH ADALAH CONTOH-CONTOH MEMORI FLASH.

TOPIC 2.3 - SOFTWARE (PERISIAN)

2.3.1 – OPERATING SYSTEM2.3.1.1 State the various types of OS used on different platforms.OPERATING SYSTEMOS on different platform :• Linux is a freely distributed UNIX, it is a compatible operating system for PCs and a number of other

processors.• Mac OS X is a multitasking operating system that is the latest version of the Macintosh operating

system.• UNIX is an operating system, or family of operating systems, developed at Bell Laboratories in early

1970sas a replacement for an earlier system called Multics.• Windows XP is the latest version of the Windows operating system, which is Microsoft’s fastest, most

reliable Windows operating system.

SISTEM PENGOPERSIANSISTEM PENGOPERASIAN DALAM PELBAGAI PLATFOM• LINUX – SISTEM PENGOPERSIAN PERCMA BERASAL DARI UNIX, IA SISTEM PENGOPERSIAN

YANG SESUAI BAGI PC DAN BEBERAPA PEMPROSESAN• MAC OS X MERUPAKAN SISTEM PENGOPERSIAN PELBAGAI TUGASAN YANG MERUPAKAN

VERSI TERKINI DARIPADA SISTEM PENGOPERSIAN MACHINTOSH• UNIX ADALAH SISTEM PENGOPERASIAN UTAMA(BESAR), DIKELUIARKAN OLEH MAKMAL BELL

DI AWAL 70AN DAN DIGANTIKAN DARIPADA SISEM AWALNYA YANG DIKENALI SEBAGAI MULTICS

• WINDOWS VISTA MERUPAKAN VERSI TERKINI DARIPADA SISTEM OPERASI WINDOWS. SISTEM PENGOPERSIAN WINDOW SEBELUMNYA IAITU WINDOW XP MASIH KEKAL SEBAGAI SISTEM PENGOPERSIAN YANG PALING SESUAI DAN PALING BANYAK DIGUNAKAN OLEH PENGGUNA PC SELURUH DUNIA.

2.3.1 – OPERATING SYSTEM2.3.1.2 State the functions of OS.• THE FUNCTIONS OF THE OPERATING SYSTEMS

ARE:• STARTING A COMPUTER MEMBUKA KOMPUTER • PROVIDING A USER INTERFACE MERANGKUMI ANTARAMUKA PENGGUNA• MANAGING DATA AND PROGRAMS MENGURUS PROGRAM DAN DATA• MANAGING MEMORY MENGURUS MEMORI• CONFIGURING DEVICES MENGKONFIGURASI PERANTI

2.3.1 – OPERATING SYSTEM2.3.1.3 State the different interfaces of OS.1. COMMAND-LINE USER INTERFACE / BARIS ARAHAN ANTARAMUKA PENGGUNA• REQUIRES A USER TO TYPE COMMANDS OR PRESS SPECIAL KEYS ON THE

KEYBOARD TO ENTER DATA AND INSTRUCTIONS THAT INSTRUCT THE OPERATING SYSTEM WHAT TO DO. IT HAS TO BE TYPED ONE LINE AT A TIME.

• MEMERLUKAN PENGGUNA MENAIP ARAHAN DAN MENEKAN KEKUNCI KHAS PADA PAPAN KEKUNCI UNTUK MEMASUKKAN DATA DAN ARAHAN YANG MENGARAHKAN OS APA YUANG HENDAK DILAKUKAN. IA HARUS DITAIP SATU BARIS PADA SATU MASA.

• IS DIFFICULT TO USE BECAUSE IT REQUIRES EXACT SPELLING, SYNTAX OR A SET OF RULES OF ENTERING COMMANDS AND PUNCTUATION.

• SUKAR KERANA MEMERLUKAN EJAAN TEPAT, SINTAKS ATAU SET ARAHAN UNDANG-UNDANG UNTUK MELETAKKAN ARAHAN DAN MESTI TEPAT

• REQUIRES MEMORISATION. IT IS ALSO EASY TO MAKE A TYPING MISTAKE. THE ADVANTAGE OF COMMAND-LINE INTERFACE IS, IT HELPS THE USER TO OPERATE THE COMPUTER QUICKLY AFTER MEMORIZING THE KEYWORDS AND SYNTAX.

• MEMERLUKAN INGATAN. AMAT MUDAH BERLAKUNYA KESILAPAN MENAIP. NAMUN BEGITU KELEBIHANNYA ADALAH IA MEMBANTU PENGGUNA BERINTERAKSI DENGAN KOMPUTER DENGAN CEPAT SETELAH INGATAN TERHADAP KATAKUNCI DAN SINTAKS TELAH DIBUAT.

2.3.1 – OPERATING SYSTEM2.3.1.3 State the different interfaces of OS 2. MENU DRIVEN INTERFACE / ANTARAMUKA BERPANDUKAN

MENU• ENABLES THE USER TO AVOID MEMORIZING KEYWORDS

SUCH AS COPY, PASTE AND SYNTAX. ON-SCREEN, MENU-DRIVEN INTERFACE PROVIDE MENUS AS MEANS OF ENTERING COMMANDS. IT SHOWS ALL THE OPTIONS AVAILABLE AT A GIVEN POINT IN A FORM OF TEXT-BASED MENU. MENU-DRIVEN USER INTERFACES ARE EASY TO LEARN.

• MEMBOLEHKAN PENGGUNA MENGELAK DARIPADA MELETAKKAN INGATAN PADA KATAKUNCI SEPERTI MENYALIN DAN TAMPAL SERTA SINTAKS. IA MENGANDUNGI MENU IAIUTU MELETAKKAN ARAHAN YANG DIKEHENDAKI. IA MEMAPARKAN SEMUA PILIHAN YANG ADA YANG DIBERI DALAM BENTUK TEKS. ANATARAMUKA BERPANDUKAN MENU INI ADALAH SANGAT MUDAH DIPELAJARI

2.3.1 – OPERATING SYSTEM2.3.1.3 State the different interfaces of OS

GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (GUI) /ANTARAMUKA PENGGUNA BERGRAFIK• MAKES USE OF THE COMPUTER’S GRAPHICS CAPABILITIES TO MAKE THE

OPERATING SYSTEM AND PROGRAMS EASIER TO USE, WHICH IS ALSO CALLED ‘USER-FRIENDLY’. ON TODAY’S PCS AND MACINTOSHES, GUIS ARE USED TO CREATE THE DESKTOP THAT APPEARS AFTER THE OPERATING SYSTEM FINISHES LOADING INTO MEMORY.

• WE CAN EASILY DIFFERENTIATE THE INTERFACES BETWEEN MAC OS, WINDOWS XP OR LINUX BY LOOKING AT THEIR DESKTOPS. GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE INTERACT WITH MENUS AND VISUAL IMAGES SUCH AS BUTTONS, ICONS AND OTHER GRAPHICAL OBJECTS TO ISSUE COMMANDS.

• ON THE DESKTOP, WE CAN INITIATE MANY ACTIONS BY CLICKING ICONS THAT REPRESENT COMPUTER RESOURCES SUCH AS FILES, PROGRAMS AND NETWORK CONNECTIONS. GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE IS COMMONLY USED AND HAS BECOME A STANDARD.

• MEMBOLEHKAN GRAFIK KOMPUTER BERFUNGSI MENJADIKAN OS DAN PROGRAM LEBIH MUDAH DIGUNAKAN. IA DIGELAR “MESRA PENGGUNA”. PC ZAMAN INI MENGGUNAKAN GUI UNTUK PAPARAN DESKTOP MEREKA

• MUDAH UNTUK MEMBEZAKAN JENIS ANTARAMUKA ANTARA PELBAGAI JENIS OS KERANA DENGAN HANYA ME;IHAT PAPARAN DESKTOP MEREKA

• PADA DESKTOP, PENGGUNA BOLEH MELIHAT / MENGGUNA DENGAN KLIK IKON YANG ADA DAN PELBAGAI TUGASAN AKAN DAPAT DIBUAT.

2.3.2.1 State the types of application software (word processing,spreadsheet, presentation, graphic). WORD PROCESSINGWORD PROCESSING AN OFFICE APPLICATION THAT ENABLES USER TOCREATE, EDIT, FORMAT AND PRINT TEXTUAL DOCUMENT.SPREADSHEETA PROGRAM THAT PROCESSES INFORMATION IN THE FORM OF TABLES. TABLES CELLSCAN HOLD VALUES OR MATHEMATICAL FORMULA.PRESENTATIONAN APPLICATION SOFTWARE THAT ALLOWS A USER TO CREATE VISUAL AID FORPRESENTATION TO COMMUNICATE IDEAS, MESSAGES AND OTHER INFORMATION TO AGROUP.GRAPHICS EDITINGPROGRAM THAT CAN EDIT DIGITAL REPRESENTATION OR NON-TEXT INFORMATION SUCHAS DRAWING, CHARTS AND PHOTOGRAPH.PEMPROSESAN KATAADALAH APLIKASI PEJABAT YANG MEMBENARKAN PENGGUNA MEREKA, MENGUBAH,MEMFORMAT DAN MENCETAK DOKUMENLEMBARANPROGRAM YANG MEMPROSES MAKLUMAT DALAM BENTUK “TABLE”. SEL TABLE INI AKANMEMEGANG NILAI SEPERTI FORMULA MATEMATIKPERSEMBAHANADALAH PERISIAN APLIKASI YANG MEMBENARKAN PENGGUNA MEREKA VISUAL UNTUKPERSEMBAHAN BAGI TUJUAN BERKOMUNIKASI, MEMBERI MESEJ DAN MAKLUMAT KEPADAKUMPULAN ATAU AUDIEN YANG RAMAI.PENGGUBAH GRAFIKPROGRAM YANG MEMBENARKAN PENGGUBAHAN KE ATAS MAKLUMAT BUKAN TEKSSEPERTI LUKISAN, CARTA DAN GAMBAR

2.3.2 Application Software

2.3.2 Application Software2.3.2.2 Describe the uses of application software (word processing, spreadsheet, presentation, graphic). • WORD PROCESSING

- ALLOWS USERS TO CREATE AND MANIPULATE DOCUMENTS CONTAINING MOSTLY TEXT AND SOMETIMES GRAPHICS

• -PROVIDES THE ABILITY TO CREATE, CHECK SPELLING, EDIT AND FORMAT A DOCUMENT ON THE SCREEN BEFORE PRINTING IT TO PAPER.

• - PRODUCE DOCUMENTS SUCH AS LETTERS, MEMOS, REPORTS, FAX COVER SHEETS, MAILING LABELS, NEWSLETTERS, AND WEB PAGES

• SPREADSHEET- ALLOWS USERS TO ORGANISE AND MANIPULATE DATA IN ROWS AND COLUMNS.- PRODUCES WORKSHEETS THAT REQUIRE REPETITIVE CALCULATIONS – BUDGETING, MAINTAINING A GRADE BOOK, BALANCING ACCOUNTS, TRACKING INVESTMENT, CALCULATING LOAN PAYMENTS, ESTIMATING PROJECT COSTS AND PREPARING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

PRESENTATION- ALLOWS USERS TO CREATE VISUAL AIDS FOR PRESENTATIONS TO COMMUNICATE IDEAS, MESSAGES AND OTHER INFORMATION TO AN AUDIENCE

•GRAPHIC EDITING- ALLOWS USERS TO WORK WITH DRAWINGS, PHOTOS AND PICTURES. IT PROVIDES THE USERS THE ABILITY OF CREATING, MANIPULATING AND PRINTING GRAPHICS

2.3.2 Application Software2.3.2.2 Describe the uses of application software (word processing, spreadsheet, presentation, graphic). PEMPROSESAN KATA- MEMBENARKAN PENGGUNA MEREKA DAN MEMANIPULASI DOKUMEN YANG BERBENTUK TEKS DAN KADANGKALA BERGRAFIK-MENGANDUNGI KEBOLEHAN UNTUK MEREKA, MENYEMAK EJAAN, MENGEDIT DAN MEMFORMAT DOKUMEN PADA SKRIN SEBELUM MENCETAKNYA.-MEMBUAT DOKUMEN-DOKUMEN YANG BERBENTUK SURAT, MEMO, LAPORAN, LAMPIRAN MUKA DEPAN FAKS, LABEL, SURAT KHABAR DAN MUKA LAMAN WEB.

LEMBARAN- MEMBENARKAN PENGGUNA MENGORGANISASI DAN MEMANIPULASI DATA DALAM BENTUK BARIS DAN LAJUR.- MEMBUAT LEMBARAN YANG MENGANDUNGI PENGIRAAN SEPERTI BAGET, GRED, PENGIRAAN PELABURAN, GAJI PEKERJA, BAGET PROJEK, KEWANGAN DAN SEBAGAINYA.

PERSEMBAHAN- MEMBENARKAN PENGGUNA MEREKA PAPARAN VISUAL UNTUK PERSEMBAHAN BAGI BERKOMUNIKASI, MENYAMPAIAN MESEJ DENGAN AUDIEN YANG RAMAI.

MENGEDIT GRAFIK- MEMBENARKAN PENGGUNA BEKERJA BAGI MEMBUAT LUKISAN, GAMBAR, FOTO. IA MEMERLUKAN PENGGUNA MEMPUNYAI KEBOLEHAN MEREKACIPTA, MEMANIPULASI DAN MENCETAK GRAFIK.

2.3.3 Utility Program 2.3.3.1 Differentiate between the types and usage of utilityprogrammes (file management, diagnostic, and file compression)FILE MANAGEMENT- USED TO MANAGE FILES ON A DISK. IT PROVIDES FUNCTIONS TO DELETE, COPY. MOVE,

RENAME AND VIEW FILES AS WELL AS CREATE AND MANAGE FOLDERS (DIRECTORIES).- PERFORMS TASKS OF FORMATTING AND COPYING DISKS, DISPLAYING A LIST OF FILES ON A

STORAGE MEDIUM, CHECKING THE AMOUNT OF USED OR FREE SPACE ON A STORAGE MEDIUM, ORGANISING, COPYING, RENAMING, DELETING, MOVING AND SORTING FILES AND ALSO CREATING SHORTCUTS.

DIAGNOSTIC UTILITY- COMPILES TECHNICAL INFORMATION ABOUT A COMPUTER'S HARDWARE AND CERTAIN

SYSTEM SOFTWARE PROGRAMS AND THEN PREPARES A REPORT OUTLINING ANY IDENTIFIED PROBLEMS.INFORMATION IN THE REPORT ASSISTS TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF IN REMEDYING ANY PROBLEMS.

FILE COMPRESSION-THAT REMOVES REDUNDANT ELEMENTS, GAPS AND UNNECESSARY DATA FROM A

COMPUTER’S STORAGE SPACE SO THAT LESS SPACE IS REQUIRED TO STORE OR TRANSMIT DATA.

- REDUCE THE TIME REQUIRED TO TRANSMIT SUCH LARGE FILES OVER A NETWORK.- COMPRESSED FILES ARE SOMETIMES CALLED ZIPPED FILES BECAUSE THEY USUALLY HAVE

A .ZIP EXTENSION. - A COMPRESSED FILE MUST BE UNZIPPED OR RESTORED TO ITS ORIGINAL FORM BEFORE

BEING USED. TWO POPULAR FILE COMPRESSION UTILITIES ARE PKZIP AND WINZIP

2.3.3 Utility Program 2.3.3.1 Differentiate between the types and usage of utilityprogrammes (file management, diagnostic, and file compression)

PENGURUSAN FAIL- DIGUNAKAN UNTUK MENGURUS FAIL PADA CAKERA.IA MEMBEKALKAN FUNGSI UNTUK

MEMADAM, MENYALIN, MEMINDAH, MENAMAKAN SEMULA DAN MEMAPARKAN FAIL SEPERTI MEREKA DAN MENGURUS FOLDER (DIREKTORI)

- MELAKSANAKAN TUGAS SEPERTI MEMFORMAT DAN MENYALIN CAKERA. MEMAPARKAN SENARAI FAIL DALAM MEDIUM STORAN, MENYEMAK AMAUN STORAN YANG DIGUNAKAN, MENGORGANISASI, MENYALIN, MENAMAKAN SEMULA FAIL, MEMADAM, MEMINDAH DAN MENYENARAI PENDEK FAIL DAN JUGA MEREKA JALAN PINTAS.

UTILITI DIAGNOSTIK- MENGUMPUL MAKLUMAT TEKNIKAL SEPERTI PERKAKASAN PC DAN PROGRAM SISTEM

PERISIAN DAN KEMUDIAN MENYEDIAKAN LAPORAN LUARAN UNTUK MENGENALPASTI APA JUA MASALAH YANG TIMBUL. MAKLUMAT YANG ADA KEMUDIAN AKAN DIURUSKAN OLEH STAFF TEKNIKAL BAGI PEMBAIKULIH.

PENGECILAN FAIL- TUGAS BAGI MENGELUARKAN ELEMEN, HALANGAN DAN DATA YANG TIDAK PERLU DARIPADA

STORAN PC. DENGAN INI DAPAT MENJIMATKAN RUANG DALAM STORAN.- MENGECILKAN MASA BAGI MENNCARI DATA YANG BESAR DALAM RANGKAIAN.- MENGECILKAN FAIL DAN KADANGKALA IA DIGELAR “FAIL ZIP” SEBAB BIASANYA IA TELAH

MEMPUNYAI SAMBUNGAN ZIP. - 3 FAIL POPULAR BAGI MENGECILKAN FAIL ADALAH PKZIP,WINZIP DAN WINRAR.

2.3.4 Proprietary and Open Source Software

2.3.4.1 Differentiate between proprietary (PERISIAN TERTUTUP)and open source software (PERISIAN SUMBER TERBUKA)

2.3.4 Proprietary and Open Source Software

2.3.4.1 Differentiate between proprietary (PERISIAN TERTUTUP) and open source software (PERISIAN SUMBER TERBUKA)

WINDOW XP (PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE)

LINUX (OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE) MAC OS X (PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE)

KELEBIHAN

- PELBAGAI JENIS PERKAKASAN BOLEH MENGGUNAKANNYA- ADA PASARAN BESAR- TELAH ADA UTILITI YANG TERBINA DI DALAMNYA

KELEBIHAN-PELBAGAI JENIS PERKAKASAN BOLEH MENGGUNAKANNYA-RAMAI PENGGUNA KERANA ANTARAMUKA PUNGGUNANYA-BOLEH MENJADI PC SERVER

KELEBIHAN-MUDAH DI INSTALL-ANTARAMUKA TERBAIK(GUI) -SELAMAT DAN STABIL

KEKURANGAN-MASALAH KESELAMATAN-TIDAK STABIL SBG SERVER-APABILA KONFIGURASI DIUBAH IA PERLU DI “RESTART”

KEKURANGAN

-TIDAK MENYOKONG BANYAK JENIS PERMAINAN DAN APLIKASI

- SUKAR DIPELAJARI

KEKURANGAN

-HANYA MENYOKONG PC APPLE-KURANG UTILITI DAN PERMAINAN BERBANDING WINDOWS.--BANYAK APLIKASI YNG PERLU DI

“UPDATE” BAGI MENJALANKANNYA.

Topic 2.4 –

Installation

2.4.1 Personal Computer (PC) Assembling

2.4.1.1.Assemble the components of a PC.(Step)• FIXING THE PROCESSOR• INSTALLING THE RAM• INSTALLING THE POWER SUPPLY• INSTALLING THE OPTICAL DRIVE (DVD OR CD)• ATTACHING THE VIDEO CARD & CONNECTING THE CABLES• INSTALLING THE FLOPPY DRIVE• INSTALLING THE HARD DISK• CONNECTING OTHER PERIPHERALS• POWERING THE SYSTEM

• MEMASANG UNIT PEMPROSESAN PUSAT • MEMASANG RAM• MEMASANG BEKALAN KUASA• MEMASANG PEMACU OPTIKAL (CD ATAU DVD)• MEMASANG KAD VIDEO DAN KABELNYA• MEMASANG PEMACU FLOPPY• MEMASANG CAKERA KERAS• MENGHUBUNGKAN LAIN2 SAMBUNGAN• MEMBEKALKAN KUASA KEPADA SISTEM

2.4.1 Personal Computer (PC) Assembling

2.4.1.2 LIST COMPONENT FOR ASSEMBLING A PC • CASING• PROCESSOR• MOTHERBOARD• MEMORY (RAM)• HARD DISK• OPTICAL DRIVE• FLOPPY DISK DRIVE• MOUSE• VIDEO CARD• MONITOR• SOUND CARD• CABLES• SPEAKER• SCREWDRIVER

(ASSESSMENT S03.1)

2.4.2 Hard Disk Partitioning and Formatting

2.4.2.1 Format and partition the hard disk.

Why partitioning the hard disk :• Limits Accidental Or Deliberate Damage Of Your Data• Increases Security• Making The Computer Faster• Organises Information• Increases Productivity

Creating a partition on hard disk• Step by step partitions the hard disk

Formatting hard disk• Step by step formatting the hard disk

2.4.3 Software Installation

2.4.3.1 Install operating system, application software and utility programs

INSTALLING THE OPERATING SYSTEM• INSTALL WINDOWS

INSTALLING AN APPLICATION SOFTWARE• INSTALLING MS OFFICE

INSTALLING A UTILITY PROGRAM• AVG ANTIVIRUS • SYBOT DOCTOR (ANTI SPYWARE)

(ASSESSMENT S04.1)

2.5 CURRENT AND FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES

• 2.5.1 LATEST OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE

(ASSESSMENT S05.1)