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EARLY ENTERTAINMENT
"The wireless music box has no imaginable commercial value. Who would pay for a message sent to nobody in particular?"
-- David Sarnoff's associates in response to his urgings for investment in the radio in the 1920s.
Early music was performed live
Story telling
People got together to sing the songs of the day
Culture
Participation: everyone was anentertainer
First radio broadcasts are in 1906
Commercial radio broadcasting starts in 1920s
Public’s need for informationEquipment manufactures Amateur operators
http://www.tuberadioland.com/westinghouseWR-30_main.html
Westinghouse Model WR-30 Gothic Style Tombstone Radio (1933)
ENTER THE TV
For God’s sake go down to the reception and get rid of a lunatic who’s down there.
He says he’s got a machine for seeing by wireless! — Editor of the Daily Express in response to a prospective visit by John Logie Baird
John Logie Baird
Scottish inventor
Experimented with wirelesstransmission of images
First public television broadcast was 27. January 1926 in London
TV broadcast start in the 1930s
BBC starts broadcasts in 1936
Slow increase in consoles
Lack of standard
Color in the 50s
RCA begins production of its first color-TV set for consumers
Low performance and high price
In 1950 a market has emerged
US data:
1946 there are 20.000 TVs, 18 stations
1953 there are over 20million TVs – 44% of households, 300 stations
TV in Iceland in 1966
Source: DataMnitor
The global broadcasting & cable tv market grew by 4.6% in 2011 to reach a value of $400.6 billion
The market is expected to reach almost $475,000 million by 2015
TV Watching
On average, individuals in the industrialised world devote three hours a day to watching TV
On average, individuals in the industrialised world devote three hours a day to watching TV
TV Watching
Gallup poll on TV Watching
Two out of five adult respondents and seven out of 10 teenagers said they spent too much time watching TV
Usually people are embarrassed to admit to watching much TV
TV Watching
A Formula for Addiction
TV is passive and relaxing
Reduces alertness
Effect is fast
Problem: TV addiction
23% of UK teenagers claim to watch less TV and 15% admit they read fewer books now that they have smartphones
TREND
1900 2000
Edison’s Phonograph
1877
Emile Berliner’sGramophone
1889 Radio
Broadcasts1920s
TVBroadcasts
1940s
The RecordIndustry - LPs
1950sCDs
1980sDVDs1990s
THE BROADCASTING CENTURYONE 2 MANY
BUSINESS MODELS GET ESTABLISHEDREAD ONLY CULTURE
Analog Standards
NTSC, PAL, SECAM Broadcast: VHF (54-88 MHz, 174-216 MHz) UHF (470 to 890 MHz) Cable
Source: HowStuffWorks.com
Digital TV
DVB, ATSC, ISDB, DTMB, DBM H.262/MPEG
Transmitted Radio (VHF, UHF, SHF), satellites, cables, fiber or ADSL Benefits Better picture and better sound – more resolution Better use of bandwidth using compression Most countries switched off analogue transmission 2007-2009
Source: HowStuffWorks.com
Digital TV
Normal TV has the ratio 4:3 (1,34:1)
HDTV has the aspect ratio 16:9 (1,78:1)
DIGITALFORMAT
1900 2000
Edison’s Phonograph
1877
Emile Berliner’sGramophone
1889 Radio
Broadcasts1920s
TVBroadcasts
1940s
The RecordIndustry - LPs
1950sCDs
1980sDVDs1990s
THE BROADCASTING CENTURYONE 2 MANY
BUSINESS MODELS GET ESTABLISHEDREAD ONLY CULTURE
INTERNET
Source: Economist -‐ Coming soon
End of an Era
Digital Content is causing disruptions in the conventional value chain
DVD sales are slowing
Distribution of content is going to digital mediums
Time shiftDigital video recorders (DVRs) Recording television transmissions for later viewing
Examples TiVo, ReplayTV, DirectTV
Place Shift
Watch your TV everywhere in the world
Technology that allows you to watch your TV over the Internet
Slingbox
Video On Demand
Pictures from www.oscar.com
VoD - Video-on-demandGoodbye to of the Video StoreChange in distribution of contentDelivered over the Internet, ADSLor cable, including fibre
Internet Video - “Over the Top”
100 hours of video are uploaded to YouTube alone every minute
Video gobbles up so much data that by 2018 it is likely to account for 80-90% of global consumer internet traffic.
Streaming Videos
Netflix accounts for 35% of Internet traffic
People spend 1 billion hours / month watching Netflix
THE DIGITAL DECADE
THE CONTENTESCAPESTHE FORM
INTERNET DISRUPTION
BEGINS
DIGITALFORMAT
1900 2000
Edison’s Phonograph
1877
Emile Berliner’sGramophone
1889 Radio
Broadcasts1920s
TVBroadcasts
1940s
The RecordIndustry - LPs
1950sCDs
1980sDVDs1990s
THE BROADCASTING CENTURYONE 2 MANY
BUSINESS MODELS GET ESTABLISHEDREAD ONLY CULTURE
Cognitive Surplus
Since the 1940s people have been passively consuming TV
New people are learning how to use free time more constructively for creative acts rather than consumptive ones, particularly with the advent of online tools that allow new forms of collaboration
What percentage of the top 10,000 titles in any online media store (Netflix, iTunes, Amazon, or any other) will rent or sell at least once a month?
99%
Felix Arvid Ulf Kjellberg
PewDiePie
Swedish video game commentator
Annual Earnings: $7 millionSubscribers: 33,528,405Views: 7,400,126,842
MANY 2 MANY: PEER INTERACTION
ESTABLISHED BUSINESS MODELS GET DISRUPTED
READ WRITE CULTURE
ONE 2 MANY: BROADCASTING
BUSINESS MODELS GET ESTABLISHED
READ ONLY CULTURE
BEFORE NOW
CONTROLLED BY GATEKEEPRS
CONTROLLED BY CONSUMERS