skymind.io | deeplearning.org | gitter.im/deeplearning4j

DL4J and DataVecBuilding Production Class Deep Learning Workflows for the Enterprise

Josh Patterson / Director Field OrgMLConf 2016 / Atlanta, GA

Josh Patterson

Director Field Engineering / SkymindCo-Author: O’Reilly’s “Deep Learning: A Practitioners Approach”

Past:

Self-Organizing Mesh Networks / Meta-Heuristics Research

Smartgrid work / TVA + NERC

Principal Field Architect / Cloudera

Topics

• Deep Learning in Production for the Enterprise

• DL4J and DataVec

• Example Workflow: Modeling Sensor Data with RNNs

Deep Learning in Production

Defining Deep Learning

Higher neuron counts than in previous generation neural networks

Different and evolved ways to connect layers inside neural networks

More computing power to train

Automated Feature Learning

“machines that learn to represent the world”

Quick Usage Guide

• If I have Timeseries or Audio Input: Use a Recurrent Neural Network

• If I have Image input: Use a Convolutional Neural Network

• If I have Video input: Use a hybrid Convolutional + Recurrent Architecture!

The Challenge of the Fortune 500

Take business problem and translate it into a product-izable solution

• Get data together

• Understand modeling, pull together expertise

Get the right data workflow / infra architecture to production-ize application

• Security

• Integration

“Google is living a few years in the future and sending the rest of us messages”

-- Doug Cutting in 2013

HoweverMost organizations are not built like Google

(and Jeff Dean does not work at your company…)

Anyone building Next-Gen infrastructure has to consider these things

Production Considerations

• Security – even though I can build a model, will IT let me run it?

• Data Warehouse Integration – can I easily run this In the existing IT footprint?

• Speedup – once I need to go faster, how hard is it to speed up modeling?

DL4J and DataVec

DL4J and DataVec

• DL4J – ASF 2.0 Licensed JVM Platform for Enterprise Deep Learning

• DataVec - a tool for machine learning ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) operations.

• Both run natively on Spark on CPU or GPU as Backends

• DL4J Suite certified on CDH5, HDP2.4, and upcoming IBM IOP platform.

ND4J: The Need for SpeedJavaCPP• Auto generate JNI Bindings for C++• Allows for easy maintenance and deployment of C++ binaries in Java

CPU Backends• OpenMP (multithreading within native operations)• OpenBLAS or MKL (BLAS operations)• SIMD-extensions

GPU Backends• DL4J supports Cuda 7.5 (+cuBLAS) at the moment, and will support 8.0 support as soon as it comes

out.• Leverages cuDNN as well

https://github.com/deeplearning4j/dl4j-benchmark

Prepping Data is Time Consuming

http://www.forbes.com/sites/gilpress/2016/03/23/data-preparation-most-time-consuming-least-enjoyable-data-science-task-survey-says/#633ea7f67f75

Preparing Data for Modeling is Hard

DL4J Workflow Toolchain

ETL(DataVec)

Vectorization

(DataVec)

Modeling(DL4J)

Evaluation(Arbiter)

Execution Platforms: Spark/Hadoop, Single Machine

ND4J - Linear Algebra Runtime: CPU, GPU

Modeling Sensor Data with RNNs and DL4J

NERC Sensor Data CollectionopenPDC PMU Data Collection circa 2009

• 120 Sensors• 30 samples/second• 4.3B Samples/day• Housed in Hadoop

Classifying UCI Sensor Data: Trends

A – Downward TrendB – CyclicC – NormalD – Upward ShiftE – Upward TrendF – Downward Shift

Loading and Transforming Timeseries Data with DataVec

SequenceRecordReader trainFeatures = new CSVSequenceRecordReader();trainFeatures.initialize(new NumberedFileInputSplit(featuresDirTrain.getAbsolutePath() + "/%d.csv", 0, 449));SequenceRecordReader trainLabels = new CSVSequenceRecordReader();trainLabels.initialize(new NumberedFileInputSplit(labelsDirTrain.getAbsolutePath() + "/%d.csv", 0, 449));

int minibatch = 10;int numLabelClasses = 6;DataSetIterator trainData = new SequenceRecordReaderDataSetIterator(trainFeatures, trainLabels, minibatch, numLabelClasses, false, SequenceRecordReaderDataSetIterator.AlignmentMode.ALIGN_END);

//Normalize the training dataDataNormalization normalizer = new NormalizerStandardize();normalizer.fit(trainData); //Collect training data statistics

trainData.reset();trainData.setPreProcessor(normalizer); //Use previously collected statistics to normalize on-the-fly

Configuring a Recurrent Neural Network with DL4JMultiLayerConfiguration conf = new NeuralNetConfiguration.Builder() .optimizationAlgo(OptimizationAlgorithm.STOCHASTIC_GRADIENT_DESCENT).iterations(1) .updater(Updater.NESTEROVS).momentum(0.9).learningRate(0.005) .gradientNormalization(GradientNormalization.ClipElementWiseAbsoluteValue) .gradientNormalizationThreshold(0.5) .list() .layer(0, new GravesLSTM.Builder().activation("tanh").nIn(1).nOut(10).build()) .layer(1, new RnnOutputLayer.Builder(LossFunctions.LossFunction.MCXENT) .activation("softmax").nIn(10).nOut(numLabelClasses).build()) .pretrain(false).backprop(true).build();

MultiLayerNetwork net = new MultiLayerNetwork(conf);net.init();

Train the Network on Local Machineint nEpochs = 40;String str = "Test set evaluation at epoch %d: Accuracy = %.2f, F1 = %.2f";

for (int i = 0; i < nEpochs; i++) { net.fit(trainData);

//Evaluate on the test set: Evaluation evaluation = net.evaluate(testData); System.out.println(String.format(str, i, evaluation.accuracy(), evaluation.f1()));

testData.reset(); trainData.reset();}

Train the Network on SparkTrainingMaster tm = new ParameterAveragingTrainingMaster(true,executors_count,1,batchSizePerWorker,1,0); //Create Spark multi layer network from configurationSparkDl4jMultiLayer sparkNetwork = new SparkDl4jMultiLayer(sc, net, tm);

int nEpochs = 40;String str = "Test set evaluation at epoch %d: Accuracy = %.2f, F1 = %.2f";

for (int i = 0; i < nEpochs; i++) { sparkNetwork.fit(trainDataRDD);

//Evaluate on the test set: Evaluation evaluation = net.evaluate(testData); System.out.println(String.format(str, i, evaluation.accuracy(), evaluation.f1()));

testData.reset(); trainData.reset();}

Thank you!

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