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Piaget's theories of cognitive and moral development
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Jean Piaget
Cody B.Danny M.Andrew S.
Background Born August 9, 1896 Neuchatel, Switzerland Swiss Philosopher Interested in Biology & the natural world as a kid Published few papers before High School Wrote more than 60 books Moved to France, worked at Grange-Aux-Belles
Theory of Cognitive Development
Cognitive development >>> Social DevelopmentLearning limited by stage
-Deterministic-Discontinuous
Sensorimotor StageAge 02 InfancyDifferentiate self from objectsObject permanence learned
Preoperational Stage
• Age 27 (Pre School)• Motor skills developing• Thinking remains
egocentric and centered (Centration)
• Responds to perceived appearances
Concrete Operational Stage Age 711 Childhood Begin to form concepts, see
relationships, and solve problems, but only as long as they involve objects that are familiar
Learn Seriation Then, Master transitivity Able to respond to inferred
reality
Formal Operational Stage
Age 11Adult hood Can think logically
about abstract propositions and test hypotheses systematically
Ability to reason about situations that haven’t been recently experienced
Stage v. Continuous
02468
101214
Sensorimotor
Pre-Op
Concrete Op
Formal OpStage
Continuous
Cognitive Development
0 50 100
11 yr
7 yr
4 yr
2 yr
1 yrFormalOperationalConcreteOperationalPre-Operational
Sensorimotor
Piaget’s Stages of Moral Development
• Piaget believed that there were two stages of moral development: Heteronomous morality and autonomous morality.
• Heteronomous morality is the stage at which children think that rules are unchangeable.
• Autonomous morality is the stage at which a person understands that people make rules and that punishments are not automatic
Piaget’s Stages of Moral Development
• Heteronomous morality– Rules are imposed upon children by adults– Rules are seen as inflexible, external and not open
to negotiation– Violation of rules bring automatic punishment;
bad people will eventually be punished.– Punishment is the automatic consequence of the
offense
Piaget’s Stages of Moral Development
• Autonomous morality– This is the morality of cooperation– Equality is based upon cooperation among
autonomous individuals– Rules are the product of mutual agreement, open
to renegotiation and made legitimate by common consent
– Right or wrong is relative to an actor’s intention– Fairness takes into account individual needs
Lasting Influence
Lawrence Kohlberg • Psychologist• Constructivist Stage Theory (of
moral development)– 6 Stages:
PreConventional, Conventional and Post-Conventional
• Children Resolving Moral Dilemmas
Lasting Influence Cont’d
Lev Vygotsky
Social Interaction Cognitive Development?
Culture of Psychological Tools
Zone of Proximal Development
Criticisms of Piaget
Young children can solve conservation problem with different methods
Infants gain aspect of object permanence earlier than Piaget had predicted
Depending on schooling and methods of teaching, children can move through the stages faster than he predicted
Work CitedSlavin, Robert E. Educational Psychology. 8th. Boston: Pearson
Education, Inc., 2006.Atherton J S (2005) Learning and Teaching: Piaget's
developmental theory [On-line] UK: Available: http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/piaget.htm Accessed: 14 March 2008