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.2 0 . 1C h S e c Th e Im p a c t o f
S c ie n c e a n dTe c h n o lo g y
: B y J o e Lo p e z
N a n c y P in e d a
C a r la A v ile s
E x p lo r in g t h e S o la r S y s t e m a n d B e y o n d
C o o p e r a t io n inS p a c e
• There was much competition between the United States and the Soviet Union in the space race
• In 1972 years before the Cold War was over the Us and Soviet space programs began to work
• This goal was achieved on July 17 1975 when both spacecrafts flew 140 miles above earth
• The Soviets were the first to send an international crew into space named Soyuz 28 which orbited the Earth in 1978 included a Czech cosmonaut.
• US space shuttles included astronauts from Saudi Arabia, France, Germany, Canada, Italy, Japan, Israel, and Mexico.
• A project sponsored by the US, Russia, and 14 other nations for the building of the International Space Station (ISS).
• In 1998 U.S. shuttles and Russian spacecrafts transported sections of the ISS to be assembled in space when it is completed it will be the size of a football field.
E x p lo r in g t h eU n iv e r s e
• The Soviet Venera spacecraft in the 1970s and the US probe Magellan in 1990 provided in-depth information about Venus
• On a 12-year journey the U.S. Voyager 2 sent dazzling pictures of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune back to earth
• Both the US and Soviets showed interest in Mars but only the US sent the probe Pathfinder which landed on Mars in 1997
• In 1990 the U.S. space agency NASA and European agency ESA worked together to developed and launch the Hubble Space Telescope to sent pictures of orbiting space
E x p a n d in g G lo b a lC o m m u n ic a t io n s
, S m a lle r M o r e P o w e r f u l C o m p u t e r s
• Since the 1960s, artificial satellites launched into orbit around Earth have aided worldwide communications
• With Satellite communication on the world has become a global village
• In the 1940s, when computers first came into use they took up a huge room they required fans or an elaborate air conditioning system to cool it down
• Today a variety of consumer products such as microwave ovens, telephones, keyboard, instruments, and cars used computers and chips
• Computers have become essential in most offices, and millions of people around the globe have computers in their homes
C o m m u n ic a t io nN e t w o r k s
• Starting in the 1990s, businesses and individuals began using internet.
• The internet is a voluntary linkage of computer networks around the world.
• It began in the late 1960s as a method of linking scientist so they could exchange information about research.
• Between 1995 and late 2002 the number of worldwide internet users soared from 26 million to more than 600 million.
• Internet, along with fax machines, transmits information electronically to remote locations
• Both paved the way for home offices and telecommuting working at home using computers connected to a business network.
• Technology has change how people work
Tr a n s f o rm in g H u m a n Lif e
H e a lt h a n dM e d ic in e
• Surgeons seldom performed operations on sensitive areas such as the eye or the brain Before World War II
• Doctors use CAT scans and MRI techniques, to diagnose injuries, detect tumors, or collect other medical information
• Technology allowed scientists to isolate and examine individual genes that are responsible for different traits.
• Through genetic engineering, scientists were able to introduce new genes into an organism to give that organism new traits.
• Cloning is the creation of identical copies of DNA, the chemical chains of genes that determine heredity.
The Green Revolution• Agricultural scientists around the world
started a campaign known as the green revolution, In the 1960s, it was an attempt to increase food production worldwide
• The green revolution helped avert famine and increase crop yields in many parts of the world
• The green revolution had its negative side, fertilizers and pesticides often contain dangerous chemicals that may cause cancer and pollute the environment
• Also, the cost of the chemicals and the equipment to harvest more crops was far too expensive for an average peasant farmer
• Science and technology have changed the lives of millions of people