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 ISP Mapping ISP Mapping (Rocketfuel) (Rocketfuel) Simon Wadsworth Simon Wadsworth Based on ”Measuring ISP Topologies with Rocketfuel” by Spring et al.

ISP Mapping

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Presentation given regarding ISP Mapping, based on a paper which presents Rocketfuel by Spring et al.

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Page 1: ISP Mapping

   

ISP MappingISP Mapping(Rocketfuel)(Rocketfuel)

Simon WadsworthSimon Wadsworth

Based on ”Measuring ISP Topologies with Rocketfuel” by Spring et al.

Page 2: ISP Mapping

   

Why map ISPs?

● Real topologies not public● Want to see router level conectivity and POP 

structure

Page 3: ISP Mapping

   

An ISP

● ISP consists of a bunch of POPs connected by a ”backbone”

● Routers connected to backbone links are ”backbone” or ”core” routers

● Every POP has accessrouters providing layer between ISP backbone and neighboring networks

Page 4: ISP Mapping

   

Selecting Measurements

● Only need to take traceroutes expected to transit ISP

● Only need to take one traceroute when two or more enter and leave the ISP at the same point

● So make use of Directed Probing and Path Reductions

Page 5: ISP Mapping

   

Directed Probing

● Identify traceroutes that transit ISP● Dependent prefixes

● Prefixes originated by the ISP or single­homed customers

● All traceroutes to prefix should transit ISP● Identified from BGP table

● Insiders● From traceroute server in a dependent prefix

Page 6: ISP Mapping

   

Directed Probing

● Up/down traces● Likely to transit ISP based on AS­path

Page 7: ISP Mapping

   

Path Reductions

● Ingress Reduction● Two traceroutes from different vantage points to 

same destination enter at same point

● Egress Reduction● Traceroutes from same ingress to any prefix behind 

same egress witll be same path

● Next­hop AS Reduction● Path depends on next­hop AS● Only one race from ingress router to next­hop AS

is valuable

Page 8: ISP Mapping

   

Alias Resolution

● Found Mercator was efficient, but missed many aliases

● Created Ally, the IP­ID based method of Alias Resolution

● It finds 3x as many Aliases as previous methods

Page 9: ISP Mapping

   

Router Identification

● DNS● Geographical Location● Role in topology

● s1­bb11­nyc­3­0.sprintlink.net● Sprint Backbone Router

● P4­0­0­0.r01.miamifl01.us.bb.verio.net● Verio Backbone router

Page 10: ISP Mapping

   

Rocketfuel

Page 11: ISP Mapping

   

Rocketfuel

● Egress Discovery● Find the egress routers, traceroute to each dependent 

prefix from a local machine● Dependent prefixes may be aggregated● Break them into /24's

● Tasklist Generation● Use BGP tables to generate list of directed probes● Dependent prefixes in directed probes replaced with 

egresses, and duplicates removed

Page 12: ISP Mapping

   

Rocketfuel

● Path Reductions● Take tasklist, apply ingress and next­hop AS 

reductions and generate jobs● Checks if predicted ingress or egress was used, then 

job is complete, otherwise other vantage point is chosen

● Execution Engine● Handles load­limiting, load balancing and different 

formats of traceroute output

Page 13: ISP Mapping

   

Evaluation

● Asked ISPs to validate results – Three ISPs assisted● ISPs said they didn't miss any POPs● ISPs said they didn't miss any links between POPs● Missed some access routers● Received a Good, Very good and Vgood to Excellent 

rating from the ISPs

● IP address space● Scans 60 /24s looking for new routers● They found that they found approximately 48.6 to 

78.9% of the routers

Page 14: ISP Mapping

   

Evaluation

● Comparison with RouteViews● Check number of adjacencies seen in maps compared 

to RouteViews● Router­level map should include one link from a 

router to one in neighboring AS● Worst case was 70%

● Comparison with Skitter● Found 7x as many routers, links and IPs by Skitter

Page 15: ISP Mapping

   

Impact of Reductions

● Reduced number of traces down to 0.1% of those required by a brute­force technique

● Scales well with number of vantage points

Page 16: ISP Mapping

   

QuestionsQuestions