Internet of Things ( IoT )

Architecture / Topology

What is IoT

• Important topic in technology industry• Things will have full interconnectivity and

computational resource• Interconnection of Physical Device via internet• Enabling physical device to send and receive data• Extending the connectivity beyond the LAN out to

WAN• Advanced connectivity of devices, systems, services• Starting point of automation in nearly all domain

IoT Architecture

IoTDevice

IoTDevice

IoTDevice

IoTGateway

IoT Cloud

Phone PC

IoT Solution

• Characterized by many devices / things• Will use some form of Gateway to establish a

communication• Information collection at backend server /

cloud.• Collected information will be seen through

Web Client, Mobile Phone Applications.

IoT Domain / Areas• Media• Environmental Monitoring• Identity & Tracking• Farming• Connected Car• Energy Grid• Logistics & Shipping• Infrastructure Management• Manufacturing• Energy Management• Medical and Healthcare• Building and Home Automation• Transportation• Consumer Application

IoT Technologies• Short Range Wireless

– Bluetooth Low Energy– Near Field Communication– RFID– Thread– WiFi, WiFi Direct. WiMAX– Z-Wave, Zigbee

• Medium Range Wireless– HaLow– LTE, NB-IoT,

• Long Range Wireless– LPWAN– LoRA– Very Small Aperture Terminal– Cellular 2G, 3G, 4G Mobile Technologies

• Wired– Serial Port, Ethernet, Firewire– Power Line Communication

IoT Protocols – Some popular• MQTT – Message Queueing Telemetry Transport• CoAP – Constrained Application Protocol• XMPP – Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol• REST – Representation State Transfer• SoAP – Simple Object Access Protocol• Ethernet • Node.js• 6LowPAN, Zigbee• HTTPS• Bluetooth Low Energy Profiles• IPv4 / IPv6, TCP, UDP• WiFi

Open Standard - Model

IoT Device - Architecture

Communication

Protocols

Network Mgmt

Operating System

RemoteMgmt

Hardware Abstraction Layer

IoT Device - Architecture• Operating System

– Many IoT Device run bare metal firmware– RTOS like mBed, freeRTOS

• Hardware Abstraction– Provides access to Hardware features– MCU, Flash, GPIO, Serial Interfaces and etc.

• Communication Support– Wired / Wireless protocols like Bluetooth, Z-Wave, Zigbee, Thread, CAN

Bus, MQTT, CoAP, etc.• Remote Management

– Upgrade firmware ( FOTA )– Monitor the device

IoT Gateway

• Bridges communication IoT Devices and Cloud• Forwards the data from devices to cloud• Highly effective in terms of performance and

network utilization• Pre processing of the information– Message filtering & Aggregation

• Provides Storage solution• Act as single point of access for monitoring• Gathers all the necessary metrics from the sensors

IoT Gateway - Architecture

Data Management &Messaging

Communication

Protocols

Network Mgmt

Operating System

RemoteMgmt

IoT Gateway - Architecture• Operating System

– General purpose OS like Linux• Run Time Environment

– Ability to run application code– Allow application to be dynamically updated

• Communication & Connectivity– Support different connectivity protocols– Ensures reliability, security of the communications

• Data Management & Messaging– Network latency, Offline mode, Real Time analytics – Forward device data in consistent manner

• Remote Management– Remotely configure, provision– Startup / Shutdown the gateways

IoT Gateway – Need / No Need

• Need– When IoT device uses non internet based

technologies like Zigbee, Z-Wave, BLE

• No Need– If IoT device uses internet based technologies. But

not all cases– IoT Single / Separate Devices– Devices which are not a static

IoT Cloud• Store and process the IoT data• Capable to consume / process the data generated by

devices, sensors, websites, application, smart phones.

• Provides user friendly interaction for person, without requiring technical expertise or services.

• Contains application, infrastructure, service provider• Web application UI• Business logic layer with real time updates• Device data, registry and management

IoT Cloud - Architecture

Operating System / Platform As A Service

Device Registry

Device Mgmt

Data Mgmt

Event Mgmt & UI

Application

Conn

ectiv

ity

Mes

sage

Rou

ting

IoT Cloud - Architecture

• Connectivity and Message Routing• Device Management• Device Registry• Data Management• Event Management• Analytics and User Interface• Application Enablement

Interoperable Functionality

• Security– Secure communication implementation– Authentication, Encryption and Authorization

• Ontologies– Format and description of device data– Define ontologies and metadata across different domains.

• Development Tools and SDK– Different Hardware Platform– Software Platform with Drivers & Communication protocol

stack

IoT Issues

• Security• Economy and Development Issues• Privacy• Interoperability / Standards• Legal, Regulatory and Rights

How to secure

• Vulnerable to physical tampering• Private Key & Public Key Encryption• Secure Socket Layer like HTTPS, SSL, TLS

IoT – Open Source Software• IoT Device Operating System – RIOT, FreeRTOS, Zephyr, mBed.

• Edje – Device Hardware Abstraction• Wakaama - Device Management & Communication• Paho – Device Communication• Kura – Middle ware for IoT Gateways• Machhina.IO – Middleware for IoT Gateway• Eclipse Smart Home – IoT Gateway for smart home• Equinox – Runtime Environment• Kaa – Open source IoT platform• 4DIAC – industrial grade open source infrastructure

Commercial IoT Cloud

• Amazon Web Services IoT• Windows IoT• Google Cloud IoT• Salesforce IoT cloud• Technologies– Big Data - Hadoop

Hardware Platform• Raspberry PI 3• Pine A64• Marsboard• Arduino• ESP32 – Wireless / BTLE • ESP8266 – Wireless• XBee – Zigbee • Gateway Simulators

Some IoT Applications

• Smart Grid• Smart Watch• Smart HD Video Door Bell• Smart Home Automation• Smart Shopping• Smart City• Smart Train

Thank You