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International partnership for ecological observations at the continental scale: TERN-
Australian Supersite Network/NEON partnership
Mirko Karan Mike Liddell Stuart Phinn
Overview
Introduction to the Australian Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network
(TERN)
Evolution of an Australian Supersite Network
Partnership with NEON / Future directions
Data sharing lifecycle/and
increasing knowledge
Ecosystem Science
Research Questions
Proposal and Funding
Researcher(s) and Data Collection
Data Sets + Meta-data
Research Outputs
Data Processing, Analysis, Integration and Synthesis.
TERN Data Portal+License +Identifier
State and Federal Agencies Universities
Other organisations
International Partners
Multi-Scale Plot System
Plot based monitoring in TERN
FNQ Rainforest
SEQ Peri-urban
Cumberland Plain EucFACE
Tumbarumba Wet Eucalypt
Victorian Dry Eucalypt
Warra Tall Eucalypt
Calperum Mallee
Alice Mulga
Litchfield Savanna
Great Western Woodland
FNQ Rainforest
SEQ Peri-urban
Evolution of the Supersites
FNQ Rainforest
SEQ Peri-urban
Warra Tall Eucalypt
Calperum Mallee
Great Western Woodland
FNQ Rainforest
SEQ Peri-urban
Cumberland Plain EucFACE
Tumbarumba Wet Eucalypt
Victorian Dry Eucalypt
Warra Tall Eucalypt
Calperum Mallee
Alice Mulga
Litchfield Savanna
Great Western Woodland
Australian Supersite Network
FNQ Rainforest
SEQ Peri-urban
Cumberland Plain EucFACE
Tumbarumba Wet Eucalypt
Victorian Dry Eucalypt
Warra Tall Eucalypt
Calperum Mallee
Alice Mulga
Litchfield Savanna
Great Western Woodland
‘Do contrasting ecosystems differ in their vulnerability to extreme weather events such as droughts and heat waves?’
‘Can ‘tipping points’ be identified and do those tipping points differ among contrasting environments?’
FNQ Rainforest
FNQ Tropical Rainforest Supersite
“What are the fundamental carbon & water stocks and flows in FNQ tropical forests and are these likely to change significantly in the future?”
“How does seasonal water availability relate to species distribution, growth and phenology?”
Great Western Woodland
Great Western Woodlands Supersite
Menzies line
fragmented wheatbelt woodland, shrubland
intact eucalypt woodland, shrubland
low acacia woodland (mulga)
“Are old growth semi-arid woodlands carbon sources or sinks”
“Where do woodland trees source water from and what are the impacts of changed hydrology associated with mining?”
Cumberland Plain EucFACE
Cumberland Plain EucFACE Supersite
“Does CO2 enrichment stimulate ecosystem Carbon storage?”
“Are species diversity and bio-structure altered by CO2 fertilisation?”
AusCover - satellite, 5 km x 5 km airborne LiDAR and Hyper-spectral scans, terrestrial laser scans, Digital elevation models, phenocams
Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR)
A collaborative Network approach
OzFlux - radiation, heat, water and CO2 flux measurements, Microclimate, soil sensors
A collaborative Network approach
eMAST - plant physiology measures 2010-2014
Leaf and branch analyses• leaf area/thickness/mass/N/P/C/13C/15N/water potential
Leaf gas exchange measurements• measurements of photosynthesis and respiration• CO2 and light-response curves of photosynthesis• temperature response curves of respiration
Plant water relations• Pre-dawn/midday leaf water potentials, pressure-volume curves • Whole tree hydraulic conductance
A collaborative Network approach
TERN SupersitesPlant trait analysis 2010-2014
FNQ Cape Tribulation
FNQRobson Ck
CumberlandEucFACE
WarraTall Eucalypt
CalperumMallee
AliceMulga
Greater Western Woodlands
Plant related science questions
Environmental sensitivity• How do plants’ drought-coping strategies differ between temperate/winter-
wet and tropical/summer-wet climates?
Predicting variations in traits • Are reported ‘global’ patterns in plant traits able to predict variations in
traits across the Australian continent?
Plant ecophysiology• How does stomatal behaviour relate to water availability?• Which is more important in determining the rate of net carbon gain by an
ecosystem – photosynthesis or respiration?
Vegetation protocolsCore 1 ha plot
Vascular plant list - voucher specimens
Abundance, Cover, StructureForests - Direct measures (stems ≥ 10 cm DBH); RAINFOR Gentry transects (stems < 10 cm DBH ); seedling transects Rangelands - Direct measures (stems ≥ 10 cm DBH); Basal wedges; Point intercept method
Biomass - Woody plant DBH, Height, Species, Coarse Woody Debris, clip plots,(Leaf litter)
Photopoints
Phenocameras
Leaf Area Index Digital Cover Photography (flat image), Digital Hemispheric Photography, Point Intercept Method / clip plots
Soil and Water protocolsCore 1 ha plot
Initial site and soil characterisation- Soil pit at flux tower, profile, bulk density, physico-chem analysis- 9 distributed cores for physico-chem analysis
Hydrogeological descriptionDigital Elevation Model
OzFlux soil instruments- volumetric water content, Soil temp, soil heat flux
Soil metagenomics - 16S Bact/archea; ITS Fungi; 18S Euk/algal (Baseline)
Stream monitoring - pH, N, P, major ions, EC etc
Bore(s) - depth logging
Fauna protocols
Bird Surveys
Acoustic recording
ASN Data Portal
Expanded protocols (subject to funding)
VegetationPlant functional traitsFruiting, FloweringRecruitment dynamicsC, N, P stocks 13C,15N, CHO
SoilMetagenomics - seasonalSoil moisture sensors - COSMOS cosmic ray sensorsSoil arrays 5 x (5m x 5 m) - CO2, temp, heat fluxRain and bore water isotopesCO2 / GHG soil chambers / soil flux
FaunaSmall mammal trappingCamera traps Invertebrate fauna - ants / beetles /moths / mosquitoes
ASN - NEON Interactions
Initial contact
Review vegetation protocols
Aug 2012
Nov 2012
Review soil protocols
Jan 2013
ASN meeting /TERN SymposiumMOU
Review flux measurements
Feb2013
Aug 2013
Review QA / QC protocols
TBA
Further interactions with TERN will focus on Data Products, Informatics, Science Education and Project Management
Facility and Program level discussions
ASN - NEON Interactions
Continue working towards accurate, reproducible and cross-comparable protocols for ground and airborne measurements.
Advancing standardization, calibration, QA/QC and uncertainty quantification of measurements, observations and data products
Developing, testing and deploying new and emerging technologies