Interface •Interface is similar to abstract class. They used as template and can not instantiate the object. The interface can be inherited. •Interface provide another way to implement polymorphism. •Through interfaces, we specify methods that a component must implement without actually specifying how the method is implemented. We just specify the methods in an interface and leave it to the class to implement those methods . • VB.net does not support the multiple inheritance directly but using interface we can achieve multiple inheritance. •Use the Interface keyword to create an interface and implements keyword to implement the interface. •Once you create an interface you need to implement all the methods specified in that interface. • It is a collection of prototypes. It contains methods, properties, events. They can not contain static functions or constructors. •Syntax: Public Interface Name_of_interface function declarations End Interface
1. Interface Interface is similar to abstract class. They used
as template and can not instantiate the object. The interface can
be inherited. Interface provide another way to implement
polymorphism. Through interfaces, we specify methods that a
component must implement without actually specifying how the method
is implemented. We just specify the methods in an interface and
leave it to the class to implement those methods . VB.net does not
support the multiple inheritance directly but using interface we
can achieve multiple inheritance. Use the Interface keyword to
create an interface and implements keyword to implement the
interface. Once you create an interface you need to implement all
the methods specified in that interface. It is a collection of
prototypes. It contains methods, properties, events. They can not
contain static functions or constructors. Syntax: Public Interface
Name_of_interface function declarations End Interface
2. Example: Public Interface vehicle Sub driveBike() Sub
driveCar() End Interface Public Class Pune : Implements vehicle
Public Sub driveBike() Implements vehicle.driveBike
Console.Writeline(I m driving Bike in Pune) End Sub Public Sub
driveCar() Implements vehicle.driveCar Console.Writeline(I m
driving Car in Pune) End Sub End Class Public Class Mumbai:
Implements vehicle Public Sub driveBike() Implements
vehicle.driveBike Console.Writeline(I m driving Bike in Mumbai) End
Sub Public Sub driveCar() Implements vehicle.driveCar
Console.Writeline(I m driving Car in Mumbai) End Sub End Class Sub
Main() Dim M As New Mumbai() Dim P As New Pune() P.driveBike()
P.driveCar() P.driveBike() P.driveCar() End Sub 3. Delegates A
function pointer is a special type of variable that is used to
access a function using its address. To support function pointers,
the .NET Framework provides the concept of delegates. A delegate is
not a real function. It provides a syntax for a function that it
would be associated with. Delegates are pointers that are used to
store and transfer information like the memory address, event
handled by functions and subroutines. Delegates are type safe,
since they check for the signatures of functions and subroutines
only if same, they transfer information. A delegate is declared
using the keyword Delegate to a function or procedure name. 4.
Creating a Delegate: [modifier] Delegate Sub/Function Name
(parameter(s)) As ReturnType The modifier factor can be Public,
Private, or Friend. This is followed by either the Delegate Sub or
the Delegate Function expression. A delegate must have a name: The
Name factor of this formula. The name follows the rules we have
been observing for valid names of the Visual Basic language.
Because a delegate is some type of a template for a procedure, you
must use parentheses. If this procedure will not take any argument,
you can leave the parentheses empty. If the delegate will be
associated with a sub-procedure, there is no return type. Here is
an example: Module Exercise Delegate Sub Messenger() End Module 5.
Module Module1 Public Delegates Sub Firstdelegate (ByVal x As
integer, ByVal y As Integer) Public Sub Add(ByVal x As integer,
ByVal y As Integer) Console.Writeline(Addition is, x+y) End Sub
Public Sub Mul(ByVal x As integer, ByVal y As Integer)
Console.Writeline(Multiplication is, x*y) End Sub Sub Main() Dim
Del, Del1 As Firstdelegate object of delegate Del=AddressOf Add
Assign Address of function Del1=AddressOf Mul Del.Invoke(10,20)
used to invoke or call the function Del1.Invoke(5,3) End Sub 6.
Delegates are of two types: Single-cast delegates: * If a delegate
invokes a single method, then it is called as a Single cast
delegate. * Single-cast Delegates refer to a single method with
matching signature. They are derived from the System.Delegate class
Multi-cast delegates: *They are nothing but a single delegate that
can invoke multiple methods of matching signature. *Derives from
System.MulticastDelegate class which is a subclass of
System.Delegate *In this, we create a single delegate that in turn
invokes multiple encapsulated methods. We can use Multi-cast
Delegates when multiple calls to different methods are
required.
