Ruth Meinzen-Dick, Kelsey Moore and Stephan Dohrn

Climate Change

•Mitigation Adaptation

Within Agriculture•Raised awareness of climate change on agriculture and resources•Community-based weather monitoring and forecasting•Natural resource management•Drought and pest resistant crops

Out of Agriculture•Occupational diversification•Migration•Remittances

Coping Strategies •Local safety nets•Insurance

Disaster Management•Early warning systems•Disaster preparedness•Disaster and Emergency response

GHG Emission Reduction• Energy

diversification• Regulations

including Cap and Trade

Carbon Sequestration• CDM:

Payments for Environmental Services

• Voluntary Emission Reductions

• Voluntary Carbon Markets

• REDD

Time

Short Long

Space

Plot

Com-munity

Nation

International

Time

Short Long

Space

Plot

Com-munity

Nation

International

Property Rights

Coordination

International

State

Co llec tive

Act ion

Institutional Dimensions of Mitigation•GHG Emission Reduction—national or international level cooperation•Energy diversification

• Biofuels• Renewable Energy

•Regulations including Cap and Trade—PR to pollute?

Institutional Dimensions of Mitigation•Carbon Sequestration•CDM: Payments for Environmental Services—PR , scale often prohibit smallholders from participating, CA can help overcome these barriers

•Voluntary Emission Reductions—role for CA?•Voluntary Carbon Markets—may be more geared to smallholders because of goodwill, willing to work with groups rather than individuals?

•REDD—will depend on how PR are defined for participation

Adaptation within Agriculture•Raised awareness of climate change on agriculture and resources

–Role for CA in reaching farmers, links to larger institutions

•Community-based weather monitoring and forecasting

–Role for CA, links to larger institutions

•Natural resource management•Drought and pest resistant crops

Time

Short Long

Space

Plot

Com-munity

Nation

International

Property Rights

Coordination

International

State

Co llec tive

Act ion

Tree planting

Forests

Ponds

Reservoirs

Transboundary River Basins

Watershed management

Terracing

Time

Short Long

Space

Plot

Com-munity

Nation

International

Property Rights

Coordination

International

State

Co llec tive

Act ion

New Seeds

Seed

supply

Developing

new

varieties

Coping Strategies •Local safety nets

–CA can be effective in delivery of safety nets, but don’t idealize

•Insurance–CA can manage idiosyncratic risk, but not covariate risk–Need for higher level institutions

Disaster Management•Early warning systems

•State and CA

•Disaster preparedness•State and CA

•Disaster and Emergency response•State and CA•PR implications for rebuilding after disasters (who is compensated, do property boundaries shift)

Adaptation: Out of AgricultureOccupational diversification

Individual, with state support and social networksMigration and remittances

Individual, with state support and social networks

ConclusionsInstitutional diversity increases resilience

Range of local organizational forms for CARange of property rights regimes

Local institutions are critical, but no specific community level mandates: allow local organizations to select strategy compatible with their needs and context

Government policies, international mandates more effective if they established ecological and human rights standards, then support variety of institutional strategies

ConclusionsHarmonization between spheres and sectors

Large overarching goals at the highest levelMore detailed, task oriented programs at the national levelComplex programs at community levels tailored to diverse

needsConnect community and higher level organizations