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As presented at Entelec 2014, this presentation looks at the fundamentals of and unique attributes of Infrared Technology.
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All content is this presentation is protected - © 2014 Pelco
Infrared Technology for Operational Video
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
Fundamentals of Infrared Technology
Unique Attributes of Infrared Technology
Overview:
Training Agenda – Session 1
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
FUNDAMENTALS OF INFRARED TECHNOLOGY
Understanding the Technology
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
What is an Infrared Camera?A camera that sees part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is invisible to humans -- it sees heat, NOT light.
Best at detecting humans and vehicles.
Thermal Imaging: 8-12 m
Visible light: .4 m - .7 m
Infrared: 0.7m - 20m
CosmicRays
GammaRays
X-rays
Ultraviolet(UV)
Infrared(IR)
Microwaves
Radar
Radio BroadcastBand
Ultraviolet(UV)
Visible LightInfrared
(IR)
Short Wavelengths Long Wavelengths
1 Nanometer 1 Micron 1 Millimeter 1 Meter 1 Kilometer
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
Infrared Spectrum
Visible CamerasVisible Light Spectrum
400 – 750 nm(0.4 to 0.75 um) LWIR Thermal Camera
8 – 12 um
The earths atmosphere only transmits some wavelengths of light, other wavelengths are
absorbed.
Visible CameraNight Mode operates
out to 1000nm(1 um)
Any object at a temperature > absolute zero will emit radiation but the wavelength of the emitted
radiation depends on the temperature.
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
Key difference: Thermal vs. Visible
Visible Cameras Require Illumination
Thermal Cameras Require
NO Illumination
Reflected Light
Radiated Heat
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
Long and Mid Wavelength Infrared
• MWIR (Mid-Wave Infrared) cameras use the 3-5 m band– Known as MWIR (Mid-Wave Infra-Red)– Used to measure high temperatures (>250oC)– Much more sensitive, long range– Require cryogenic coolers (maintenance)– Are expensive by comparison
• LWIR (Long-Wave Infrared) cameras use the 8-12 m band– No cooler, almost no maintenance– Used to measure temperatures from -10oC to 250oC– Much less expensive– Optimized for detecting people and vehicles
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
Why Use Infrared Technology?
• Accurate automated analytics for detecting people and vehicles– Perimeter detection– People and vehicle directional counting
• Contactless temperature measurement– Process monitoring & Predictive maintenance– A large number of points need to be monitored– Problematic to instrument with point sensors
• Ability to “see” normally invisible gases
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
Infrared Imaging Works in Tough Environmental Conditions
• Advantages over standard cameras include:– See in complete darkness– See through obscurants (smoke, dust, haze, etc.)– See through particulates (fog, rain, snow)– See beyond the glare of a bright light
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
Thermal Advantage: Avoid Glare
• Thermal imagers see heat, not light
– This means theyare not effectedby bright lights likestandard cameras
– They work equallywell day and night
• Important: This isnot just a night-time technology!
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
THERMAL VIDEO ANALYTICSUnderstanding the Technology
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
Thermal Analytics Enables Many Applications People Counting
Queue Management
Occupancy/Space Utilization
Thermal Excels at People and Vehicle Detection/Counting Due to High Image Contrast
Thermal Integrated Analytics
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
Thermal Video Analytics Behaviors
• Analytics1. Adaptive Motion2. Loitering Detection3. Object Counting4. Stopped Vehicle
• Analytics “At The Edge”– Reduces infrastructure / server burden
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
Examples of Analytic Behaviors
Auto Trip Left
Count all trip wire
People directional trip wire
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
THERMOGRAPHYUnderstanding the Technology
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
What is Thermography(very general description)
Measure the temperature of any object in the camera’s field of view
–Easily set alarm temperature–Send an alarm when the temperature of the object exceeds set point–Record or monitor temperature trend information
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
Thermography Analytics
Analytics built into the camera:1. Absolute temperature
– Measures the actual temperature of an object and alarms when the object exceeds, or drops below a temperature set in the analytic
2. Relative temperature– Measures the temperature of 2 or more objects and alarms when
difference between the temperatures of objects exceeds the temperature set in the analytic.
3. Self Reference– Takes the initial temperature of an object during set up and alarms
when the object’s self referenced temperature exceeds a specified temperature delta.
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
Sarix TI Thermography
“temperature specs”
Temperature Measurement– Range: –20° to 120°C ( -4° to 248°F) – Reading Accuracy: ±2°C or ±2% of reading
(whichever is larger)
Target Distance Range:
2 to140m
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
INFRARED GAS LEAK DETECTIONUnderstanding the Technology
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
Key Concepts To Make The Cloud Visible
• The gas must absorb infrared radiation in the waveband that the camera can see
• The cloud must have a radiant contrast to the background• The apparent temperature of the cloud must be different to
the background• Cloud motion assists the visibility of the gas
Gas Cloud
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
How Infrared Gas Detection Works
• The mid wave infrared (MWIR) gas detection camera has a detector response of 3-5 μm which is further spectrally limited to 3.3 μm using a filter.
• This makes the camera responsive to many types of gases
Gas AbsorptionSpectrum
CameraSensitivity
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
Gas Imaging Technology: Applicable Industries
• Oil Refining – Infrared cameras have excellent sensitivity to the crude oil fractions from gasoline to kerosene.
• Petrochemical and Chemical – An MWIR camera has excellent response to many of the chemicals used in these industries.
• Power Generation - Gas fired power stations use natural gas as fuel. The mid wave camera is used for leak detection
• Natural Gas – MWIR camera clearly sees methane and ethane and is used for leak detection from the gas production field right through the distribution network.
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
Example: Methane Absorption
Wavelength (mm)
Tran
smis
sion
Strong AbsorptionWavelengths
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
Example: Propane Absorption
Wavelength (mm)
Tran
smis
sion
Strong AbsorptionWavelengths
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
Example: SF6 AbsorptionTr
ansm
issi
on
Wavelength (mm)
Strong AbsorptionWavelength
Circuit Breaker Using SF6
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
Video - Propane Example
Video Analytics Provide Automated Gas Leak Alarms
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
Gases Detected Using Medium Wavelength Infrared Cameras (3-5mm)
• Benzene• Butane• Ethane• Ethylbenzene• Ethylene• Heptane• Hexane• Isoprene• MEK• Methane
• Methanol• MIBK• Octane• Pentane• 1-Pentane• Propane• Propylene• Toluene• Xylene
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
Gases Detected Using Long Wavelength Infrared Cameras (8-12mm)
• Sulphur Hexafluoride• Anhydrous Ammonia• Ethyl Cyanoacrylate
(‘Superglue’)• Chlorine Dioxide• Acetic Acid• FREON-12• Ethylene• Methyl Ethyl Ketone
(MEK)• SF6
• Acetyl Chloride• Allyl Bromide• Allyl Chloride• Allyl Fluoride• Bromomethane• FREON-11• Furan• Hydrazine• Methylsilane
• Methyl Vinyl Ketone
• Propenal• Propene• Tetrahydrofuran• Trichloroethylene• Uranyl Fluoride• Vinyl Chloride• Vinyl Cyanide• Vinyl Ether
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
Infrared Camera Leak Detection Limitations
• Distance Range past 100 feet• Gas cloud differential needed• Strong winds & small leaks – tough situation• Rainy and misty days
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
OPERATIONAL INFRARED VIDEO EXAMPLES
Understanding the Technology
All content is this presentation is protected - © 2014 Pelco
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
Infrared Imaging Applications Predictive Maintenance
Safety - TrafficSecurity - Thermal Fence
Process Monitoring & Control
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
Example: Heat Flow in Servers
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
Example: Welder Preventative Maintenance
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
Example: Electrical SubstationsCost Effective Perimeter Security Predictive Maintenance
• Continuous thermal monitoring• Make repairs before problems spread and
costs spiral up• Prevent expensive downtime due to
equipment failure•Proven ROI
• Power industry use of thermographic inspections
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
Example: Oil Pump Monitoring• Monitor critical pump head component
temperatures• Two cameras per pump pad
52°66°
80°92°
48 Oil Pumps
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
Example: Liquid Levels in Tanks
Schneider Electric – CONFIDENTIAL
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
Example: Airport Operations
Provides operational information during day, night, and adverse weather conditions, even in fog
Visible Camera View Thermal Camera View
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
Example: Lower Utility Costs
• Customer Problem: Fresno State University stadium had ongoing vandalism to the field– Original solution: Keep stadium lights on all night, every night with
active guard monitoring of visible cameras– Pro: Prevented damage to the new $1M field– Con: 140 kW lighting = ~$60k/year + personnel
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
Example: Lower Utility Costs
• FSU installed two thermal cameras running analytics to monitor the stadium
• Benefits of their $7000 investment:– Lights can be kept off, with ROI in a few months– Automated alarms reduce personnel for monitoring
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
Handheld Thermography Limitations
• Two Full Time Team Members take manual pictures of the cables and motors.
• Over temperature condition it is logged
• This method is only 30 percent effective
• Most faults are found after a cable/motor has failed and production is impacted.
• These failures create 30-60 minutes of downtime per event.
Pelco by Schneider Electric – Thermal Imaging – 5//21/2014
CLOSING DISCUSSIONThank you for your time today!