Indian Agrarian Crisis and Way Forward

Ramanjaneyulu

Centre for Sustainable Agriculture…caring for those who feed the nation

Andhra Pradesh Maharashtra Punjab

Centre for Sustainable Agriculture

• is an independent agriculture institution working to establish sustainable models of production through a community managed learning, management and marketing system.

• strive for a policy change which promote sustainable models of production and bring restrictions on ecologically and economically unsustainable practices and polices

• Working in Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Punjab

Agrarian Crisis

Farmer

Policies Markets

• Small holdings• Lack of bargaining power• Increased tenancy• Lack of knowledge and skills

• Low investments in agril

• Against small holders

• Support high extrnl input agril

• Monocultured and monopolised markets

• More cost addition than value addition

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Farmers suicides in India

No. of suicides

Source: NCRB 1995-2010Total 270,940 in 17 years

• an annual average of 14,462 in six years, from 1995 to 2000• a yearly average of 16,743 in 11 years between 2001 and 2011• around 46 farmers’ suicides each day, on average or nearly one every half-hour

since 2001• Farmers Suicide Rate is 16.3% compared to 11.1 % among rest of Indians (47%

higher)

• two-thirds of the suicides are occurring in half-a-dozen States that account for just about one-third of the country’s population

State Farmer Suicides Difference

1995-2002 2003-2010

Andhra Pradesh 1590 2301 +711

Karnataka 2259 2123 -136

MP+Chhattisgarh 2304 2829 +525

Maharashtra 2508 3802 +1294

Source: NCRB Accidental Deaths & Suicides in India Reports 1995-2010

What do Census-2011 say• Cultivators are 118.7 million (24.6%) and

Agricultural Labourers are 144.3 (30.0%)• Proportion of cultivators reduced from 31.7

% and agriculture workers increased from 26.5% in 2001

• Main cultivators only 95.8 million (< 8 per cent of the population) down from 103 million in 2001 and 110 million in 1991.

• 15 million farmers (‘Main’ cultivators) fewer than there were in 1991 and over 7.7 million less since 2001

• Agriculture workers numbers increased from 63.4 m to 86.1 m between 2001-11

• On average about 2,035 farmers losing ‘Main Cultivator’ status every single day for the last 20 years

Where are they going?• From 2004-05 to 2009-10, only 2 million additional employment was generated but 55 million were added to working

age population!• 25.1 million people lost their self-employment• Increase in the number of casual workers by 21.9 million, while growth in the number of regular workers nearly halved

between 2004-05 and 2009-10, compared with the previous 5 year period.

Sector 2004-05 2009-10 Difference

Agriculture 258.93 243.21 -15.71

Manufacturing 55.77 48.54 -7.23

Services 112.81 112.33 -0.48

Non-Manufacturing (construction)

29.96 56.10 26.14

TOTAL 457.46 460.18 2.72

Sector-wise unemployment (millions)

Lives not better….66th NSSO survey says• Per capita expenditure of urban India was 88% higher than rural India• Average MPCE in 2009-10 to be Rs. 1054 and Rs. 1984 in rural India and urban India

respectively • Top 10% of India’s rural population having an average MPCE (Rs. 2517) 5.6 times that of

the poorest 10% (Rs. 453)• Top 10% of urban population having a 9.8 times higher average MPCE (Rs. 5863) compared

that of the bottom 10% (Rs. 599)• Considering the average rural MPCE value of Rs. 1054 in isolation would be

partially misleading. The rural MPCE median of Rs. 895 (about Rs. 30 per day) implies that half the rural population had MPCE below this level.

• 40% of the rural population had MPCE below Rs. 800 while 60% had MPCE below Rs. 1000• Compared to the rural median MPCE (Rs. 895), the urban median MPCE level was 1.68

times higher at Rs. 1502 with 30% of the urban population having MPCE above Rs. 2100 and 20% having MPCE above Rs. 2600.

Income and Expenditure of farmersLand holding

Category Total Income (Rs/month)

Expenditure(Rs/month)

Percent of farmers

<0.01 Landless 1380 2297 36 %

0.01-0.4 Sub marginal 1633 2390

0.4-1.0 Marginal 1809 2672 31 %

1.0-2.0 Small 2493 3148 17 %

2.0-4.0 Semi-medium 3589 3685 10 %

4.0-10.0 Medium 5681 4626 6 %

>10.0 Large 9667 6418

Total 2115 2770 All farmers

Source: Report “On Conditions Of Work And Promotion Of Livelihoods In The Unorganised Sector” Arjun Sen Gupta Committee, 2007

•Income per ha in Karnataka from Rs.8809 to Rs.5671

•Income per ha in Maharashtra from Rs.4194 to Rs.3047

Smaller holdings

• Between 1960-61 and 2003, the total number of operational holdings increased from 50.77 million to 101.27 million.

• During the same period, the total operated area declined from 133.46 million hectares to 107.65 million hectares.

• Thus average operated area declined from 2.63 hectares to 1.06 hectares.

(NSSO, Some Aspects of Operational Land Holdings in India, various issues, 2003)

Reducing institutional credit• The share of agricultural credit in total bank lending nearly doubled

from around 10% in the mid-1970s to about 18% in the late 1980s. • The share of agricultural credit in total bank lending declined from

the peak of 18% in the late 1980s to about 11% in 2005, the decline has continued since then.

• Rural branches of commercial banks has declined from 51.2% in March 1996 to 45.7% in March 2005.

• Data also shows that the share of agricultural credit cornered by farm sizes of more than 5 acres has increased

• Tenancy is informal and tenant farmers do not get access to credit

(GOI, 2007).

Year Share in total agricultural Credit (%)

Direct Finance Indirect Finance Total

1985 83.2 16.8 100.0

1990 86.8 13.2 100.0

2000 84.5 15.5 100.0

2005 76.1 23.9 100.0

2006 72.1 27.9 100.0

2007 74.5 25.5 100.0

2008 77.5 22.5 100.0

2009 77.1 22.9 100.0

2010 76.1 23.9 100.0

Source: Basic Statistical Returns’ Reserve Bank of India, Various Issues

Shares of direct and indirect finance to agriculture in total credit to agriculture from scheduled commercial banks, India, 1985 to 2009 in per cent

Credit limit size class of loans (Rs)

Share of amount outstanding in total out standing (%)

1990 2000 2005 2010

Less than 2 lakh 82.6 67.6 51.9 44.3

2 lakh to 10 lakh 4.3 11.7 17.9 22.6

10 lakh to 1 crore 7.6 6.6 6.4 6.4

1 crore to 10 crore 4.2 6.7 8.0 6.3

10 crore to 25 crore

1.3

1.7 3.3 2.7

Above 25 crore 5.7 12.6 17.7

100 100 100 100Source: ‘Basic Statistical Returns’, Reserve Bank of India, Various Issues

Distribution of amount outstanding under total agricultural advances by scheduled commercial banks, by credit limit size-classes of loans, 1990 to 2010, in per cent

• Not adequate• Not accessible-

crops, region, tenant farmers

• Interest subvention who benefits?

• How to increase coverage?

Year Rural + semi-urban branches

Only rural branches

Urban+ metropolitan branches

Only metropolitan branches

All branches

All India

1990 85.1 55.5 14.9 4.0 100.0

1994 83.4 54.6 16.6 5.6 100.0

1995 83.7 52.7 16.3 7.3 100.0

2005 69.3 43.0 30.7 19.0 100.0

2006 62.4 37.1 37.6 23.8 100.0

2008 66.0 38.4 34.0 20.0 100.0

Maharashtra

1990 82.4 59.7 17.6 - 100.0

1994 76.8 52.9 23.2 - 100.0

1995 70.5 46.5 29.5 - 100.0

2005 41.8 26.1 58.2 48.5 100.0

2006 31.6 18.4 68.4 61.3 100.0

2008 42.4 25.7 57.6 48.3 100.0

Share of agriculture credit from different bank branches 1990-2008 (in %)

Insurance

• Inadequate coverage: crops, people, regions• Problems in settling claims• Claims not covering the loss• Completely becoming a business model• How do we increase the coverage and make it

workable to reduce risks

subsidies

• On decline….• Input based hence benefits only the suppliers• Specific inputs hence drives particular

technologies and models of agriculture• Farmers own resources, labour never

supported

Unremunerative prices• MSP determination is faulty and unscientific. • Governments keep the prices low to ensure cheap

labor and cheap inputs, and food security for poor• Minimum Support Prices are announced for 25

commodities but market intervention only for rice, wheat, cotton

• Agricultural prices don’t account for living costs of rural families. Rising inflation has double impact on farmers with increasing living costs & decreasing incomes

• Removal of quantitative restrictions and allowing cheaper imports

• Restrictions on exports on certain crops depressing local market prices

State governments irresponsibleMSPs recommended for 2013-14 (Rs/q)

Crop Announced MSP (Rs/q) 2011-12

Announced MSP (Rs/q) 2012-13

Recommended MSP (Rs/q) 2013-14

Announced MSP (Rs/q)2013-14

Paddy 1110 1280 2811 1310

Blackgram 3300 4300 7295 4500

Soybean 1650 2200 4382 2500

Groundnut 2700 3700 8019 4000

Sunflower 2800 3700 7412 3700

Sesame 3400 4200 7847 4500

Ragi 1050 1500 2925

Maize 980 1175 2100 1310

Jowar 1000 1520 2862

Redgram 3850 7277 4300

Greengram 4300 7287 4300

Government of Andhra Pradesh

Monoculturing crops, varieties, genes, trees animals

• Today Cotton, Maize, Paddy are the only crops whose area increasing..globally only 3 crops supply 60% of food

• Within crops 80% of the production comes from few genetic backgrounds

• Increasing area under hybrid crops in areas not suitable like rainfed areas, hill regions

• 99 % of the cotton with bt genes to fight four major pests..several others in pipeline

• Promotion of water intensive orchards in rainfed areas• Promotion of cross bred animals, buffaloes in rainfed

areas

GM crops and foods• Key issues

• Relevance of GM crops• Biosafety issues• IPRs andMarket monopoly• Conflicts of interests and scandals

• Studies on NPM vs/Bt cotton• Documentary evidences on Violations of regulations in field

trials, • Illegal GM food crop field trials• First reports on Bronze wilt, Tobacco Streak Virus, Mealybug• Evidences on sheep death• Studies on Environmental Risk Assessment and Socio

Economic Impacts• Contamination• IPRs

http://www.indiagminfo.org

1995 2000 2009

Changes in area under the four Gossypium species

1947Decline in diversity – a concern

GM foods

Public Sector-the lost empire

• Crops in pipeline-bt rice, bt brinjal, bt ….• No IPR literacy

– UAS dharwar, TNAU and CICR cases• ABSP-II

– UAS dharwar, TNAU• Regulatory role

– Bt bhendi case in AP– Bt brinjal trials in AICRP vegetables

• Bt Cotton Case– Bt Bikeneri Narma case

Do you remember I was this small when we first met!

Pests and pesticides contribute to the major economic and ecological problems affecting the farmers, crops and their living environment

• Pesticide induced pest problem• Pesticide resistance• Pesticide poisoning (acute and chronic)• Pesticide and ecological problems• IPM > IRM

Source: Government of India, 2009; RBI, 2009.

Irrigation and fertilizer based production

(‘000 crore)

2008

2012

Fertiliser wastage continues..

Nutrient Use Efficiency 1984-85: 24.67 2000-01: 18.08

1990-91: 20.43 2005-06: 16.10

Nutrient Use Efficiency 1984-85: 24.67 2000-01: 18.08

1990-91: 20.43 2005-06: 16.10

Yield Increase-50%Nutrient Use Increase- 130 %

Yield Increase-50%Nutrient Use Increase- 130 %

Food production should have been 312 Million Tons

State/UT Salinity (EC above 3000 µS/cm)

Fluoride(above 1.5 mg/l)

Nitrate(above 45 mg/l)

Arsenic(above 0.01 mg/l)

Iron(above 1.0mg/l)

Heavy metals: Lead (above 0.05 mg/l)Mn (above 0.1 mg/l)Cr (above 0.05mg/l)Cd (above 0.01 mg/l)

Andhra Pradesh 16 18 24   15 2Assam   2   3 11  Bihar   11 10 15 19  Chhattisgarh   14 12 1 4  

Gujarat 21 19 23   6  Haryana 14 18 19   17 Lead : 6Jammu & Kashmir   2 4   6 Lead: 2

Jharkhand   7 13   6  Karnataka 14 21 27   22  Kerala 1 2 11   15  Madhya Pradesh 5 32 51   42 Lead: 16

Maharashtra 14 13 18   20 Lead: 19Orissa 1 15 26 21 21 Hexalent chromium - 1

Punjab 7 16 20 1 9 Lead: 4Rajasthan 27 31 33   33 Lead: 1, Copper: 4

Tamil Nadu 6 11 9   2 Lead : 3, Manganese: 3, Cadmium: 1

Uttar Pradesh 7 17 50 29 16 Lead: 10, Cadmium: 1, Chromium: 2, Manganese: 1

West Bengal 5 9 2 4 9 Manganese : 5

Contributing to Climate Change• Feed stock to produce N fertilizers in India (2006-07)

– Natural gas-62 %– Naptha-15 %– Ammonia (ext. supply)-13 %– Fuel oil-9 %– Others-1 %

• Fertilizer industry uses 25 % of Natural Gas, 18 % of Naptha and 14 % of Fuel Oil• Total greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from the manufacturing and transport of fertiliser are

estimated at 6.7 kg CO2 equivalent (CO2, nitrous oxide and methane) per kg N

• 1.25 kg of N2O emitted per 100 kg of Nitrogen applied• Globally, an average 50% of the nitrogen used in farming is lost to the environment:

• as N2O to the air as a potent GHG (310 x CO2)• as nitrate polluting wells, rivers, and oceans• Volatilization loss 25-33 % • Leaching loss 20-30 %

Life in queues 2011

Life in queues 2012

Depleting natural resources• Increasing dark zones due

to groundwater depletion• 30 % of soils are reported

to be saline by the recent study by ministry of environment

BUSINESS AS USUAL IS NOT AN OPTIONSustainable Agriculture as a tool to improve rural economy

Farmer •Shifting to better and sustainable practices•Getting organised to deal with the markets and policies

Policy Support•Supporting sustainable models•Regulating unsustainable practices•Invest more in agriculture•Income security to farmers

Market Support•Farmers moving up the value chain•Direct marketing•Forward and backward linkages•Better prices

Strategies: with communities• Reducing the costs of cultivation

– Reducing external input use by NPM/Organic methods– Collective sourcing– Small farm mechanisation

• Reducing the risk of crop failures– Suitable cropping patterns based on soil types and available resources– Improving soil moisture holding capacity– Agronomic innovations like SWI in wheat and HDPS in cotton– Weather monitoring and advisories

• Building Cohesive Communities– Collective planning– Regular interactions and building confidence

Strategies: Increasing the net incomes of the farming households

• Increasing productivity– Good quality seed through community managed seed systems– timely interventions on pests and disease management and poor soil management– effective production planning at the farmer level and community level– Increasing soil organic matter will increasing water holding capacity and thereby contribute for the

enhanced productivity – Integrating trees (both biomass and fruit trees) in to the cropping system will help the farmers to have

additional incomes– In a three years period productivity can be increased by at least 10%.

• Improving the work efficiency of the farmers/agriculture workers:– small farm mechanisation (reducing the number of labour days and drudgery)– Building biogas units

• Increasing the price realisation: Collectivisation will improve the bargaining power and can increase the price realisation at least by 10%. Value addition provides additional sources of income.

• Additional income generating activities: backyard poultry, nursery raising, seed production, food processing etc. These will also provide additional person days of work.

Strategies: Sustainability • Farmers Institutions: Program built through farmers institutions and focus on

building good governance• Change as ‘Factor 10’: reducing the costs of cultivation by 10% and increasing

the productivity and price realisations by 10%.• Incremental change: entry points would be based on the most pressing

problems in the region.• Knowledge based Extension: Regular farmer field schools, quality resource

material, experienced farmers as resource persons are approaches used by us. The production practices are custom developed for each region based on the soil type, locally available resources and problems faced

• Using ICT tools: locally produced quality videos, call centre • Convergence with the ongoing government programmes • Showcasing the success stories

41Changing to multiple cropping systems

42Switching over to ecological farming practices

Habitat conversion and enhancement

Stress pest/enhance beneficials

Reactive inputs

Build healthy soils

Other practices to reduce crop stress

Growing healthy plants

Reducing pest numbers

Minimal pest damage

Non Pesticidal Management

Non-Bt Genotype under HDPS versus Bt hybrid- (Spacing 45x15 cm for variety and 90x60 cm for Bt hybrid)

Yield (q/ha)

Parbhani KhandwaGenotype 2010-11 2011-12 Genotype 2010-11 2011-12

NH-545 12.85 17.03 Vikram 18.47 14.72NH-452 12.21 15.23 Khandwa 2 19.11 15.22PKV-081 12.38 15.40 JK-4 20.14 16.04

Mallika Bt 13.88 — Jai Bt 13.38 —Akola Nandyal

PKV-081 17.31 15.87 Narasimha 18.47 18.94NH-615 16.19 16.19 Sivanandi 18.67 20.42NH-630 19.07 16.46 NDLH-1938 25.10 23.55

Bunny Bt 10.28 — Bunny Bt 22.98 19.85

CICR results on High Density Plantation of Cotton

Straight varieties1.Short duration 140-160 days, 2.Compact plant type3.6-8 bolls per plant with 4.best quality and big bolls5.High density at 250,000 /ha

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System of Rice Intensification

• System of Rice Intensification is a cost effective and resource efficient method of cultivation

• Extended to sugarcane, wheat, ragi etc

Punukula, the first pesticides-free village

Yenabavi -Organic Village• Entire village (55 households’ 228 acres) organic for last five

years• Most of the inputs internalised into farming• Land Productivity increased, crop yields maintained• In SRI paddy 44 bags were also recorded • Recently awarded Krishi Gaurav Award by Baba Ramdev’s

Patanjali Trust for their role in promoting organic farming• More than 30 thousand farmers visited the village in last

three years

Community Managed Sustainable Agriculture in Andhra Pradesh

Basic Principles Regenerative, ecologically sound practices Organized action by communities in

planning, implementing and managing the program

Govt/ngos playing facilitating agency role

2004-05 started with 225 acres in one dist and reached 7 lakh acres in 2007-08 in 18 dist. World Bank says this is a good tool for poverty eradication and now promoted as part of NRLMWith 50 % development expenditure one can double the incomes of the farmers A national program called Mahila Krishi Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP) is launched based on this experiencce

0.225 25 200 700

1300

2000

2800

3500 3600

0.1 15 80 300600

10001500 1600 1770

2135 1997

1394 1541 1381

1015

0500

1000150020002500300035004000

Acerage ('000 acres) Farmers ('000) Pesticide use (MT Active Ingradient)

Farmers and area covered under CMSA

http://65.19.149.140/pilots/cmsanew/index.html

Distinguished visitors

Dr. V L Chopra, Member Planning Commission

Jairam Ramesh, Honble Minister for Commerce

T. NandakumarSecretary AgricultureGOI

States/UTs 2004-05 2005-06 2006-072007-08 2008-09 2009-10kg/ha 2000-01

kg/ha 2009-10

Punjab 6900 5610 5975 6080 5760 5810 0.98 0.82Haryana 4520 4560 4600 4390 4288 4070 0.84 0.68Andhra Pradesh 2135 1997 1394 1541 1381 1015 0.34 0.09Maharastra 3030 3198 3193 3050 2400 4639 0.17 0.24Tamil Nadu 2466 2211 3940 2048 2317 2335 0.32 0.45Gujarat 2900 2700 2670 2660 2650 2750 0.30 0.29Kerala 360 571 545 780 272.69 631 0.31 0.26Karnataka 2200 1638 1362 1588 1675 1647 0.17 0.14

Status of pesticide utilization in different states**

**Source: http://ppqs.gov.in/IpmPesticides.htm MT of active ingredient

Average Reduction in costs and net additional income for different crops

Crops Reduction in cost due to NPM (Rs)

Reduction in costs due to use of organic fertilisers/manures (Rs)

Net additional income (Rs)

Paddy 940 1450 5590

Maize 1319 2357 5676

Cotton 1733 1968 5676

Chillies 1733 1968 7701

Groundnut 1021 3462 10483

Vegetables 1400 390 3790

3rd Party Evaluation of Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) : Community Managed Organic Farming implemented by SERP

Evaluation TeamProf. R. Ratnakar, Director, Dr. M. Surya Mani, Professor, EXTENSION EDUCATION INSTITUTE, (Southern Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India

Improved Agricultural Incomes (Pre CMSA Compared to Post CMSA farms)

Average Returns: District wise/ Farmer/ha.:

S.No District

Average returns per farmer/ha. (Rs. per annum) Percent of Increase in

Net Returns (in %)Pre-CMSA Post-CMSA

1 Srikakulam 52,398. 80 55,596.84 6.10

2 Guntur 29,631.43 65,319.97 120

3 Nellore 37,976.19 72,894.48 91.94

4 Anantapur 15,333.54 25,493.16 66.25

5 Warangal 51,351.39 73,904.52 43.91

6 Medak 35.511.10 37,962.04 6.90

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Note: A huge increase is observed in Guntur district due to the fact that the Chilly crop has had a high remunerative price which has more than doubled.

Sr.no

District Suicides Severe cases of hospitalization

Before 2005-06

After 2005-06 Before 2005-06

After 2005-06

In NPM villages

Other villages

In NPM villages

Other villages

1 Khammam*(4 villages/4 mandals)

3 0 9 139 0 104

2 Vijayanagaram**

0 0 0 6 0 2

3 Adilabad *(18 mandals)

26 0 3 97 0 40

Total 29 0 12 242 0 146

Status of Suicides and Severe Hospitalization, 2007-08

* Crops grown are cotton, chillies, redgram and paddy** Crops grown are paddy, vegetables

Maharashtra

• CSA started working in Dorli cluster from 2006

• Today farmers are back to farming and managing

• Started a seed producer company

Comparative economics (2012-13) Operations Cotton Wheat Soy Gram

Cost (NPM) Cost (Chemical)

Cost (NPM)

Cost (Chemical)

Cost (NPM) Cost (Chemical)

Cost (NPM)

Cost (Chemical)

Preparatory Tillage 3800 2900 3000 2200 3500 2700 3000 2100

Seeds Bed Preparation 550 200 300 - 300 - 300 300

Seed & Sowing 2400 2060 500 1800 1900 1800 500 1100

Nutrient Management 500 3920 500 1500 500 850 500 1400

Pest and Disease Management

200 830 400 - 200 1000 200 2000

Intercultural Operation

2700 2250 2800 900 2800 1800 2800 1300

Harvesting 7000 (Rs. 500/Q)

6000 (Rs 500/Q

2500 2500 2200 2500 2200 2200

Transportation 1400(100/Q) 1200(100/Q) 850 1200 350 450 700 600

Yield 14Q/acre 12Q/acre 17Q/Acre 12Q/Ac 7Q/Acre 9Q/Acre 14Q/Ac 12Q/Acre

Selling price/Q 60200(Rs.4300/Q)

48000 (Rs. 4000/Q)

24500 31500

42000 48000

Dealers margin 753(53.75/Q) 600(50/Q) - - 1400 (storage)

1200 (storage)

Total Cost 19300 25220 8862 7800 11450 14100 11100 13000

Net income 40900 22780 21738 10200 13050 17400 30900 35000

Cost:Benefit 2.11 0.9 2.45 1.3 0.88 0.81 2.78 2.69

Organic Hybrids through Participatory Plant Breeding

• CSA worked on developing non GM cotton varieties and hybrids through participatory plant breeding which are used by organic farming groups

Malkha cotton fabric• CSA along with Decentralised Cotton Yarn Trust established Decentralised

cotton processing units where in cotton can be processed without bailing and can be calibrated for diverse cotton varieties. Three units are now in Andhra Pradesh, at Punukula, Siricilla and Boorgula. The units provide employment to the 30 people in the village.

Community Managed Seed Systems

Sahaja Aharam Community Marketing

Producer Co-op-1Farmer Group B

Consumer Co-op

•Healthy food•Affordable Price•Max share to farmers Organic Store

Mobile Store

Direct to Home

Producer Co-op-2

Other farmers and farmers groups

Farmer Group A

Farmer Group C

Sahaja Aharam Cooperative Federation•Capacity building•Institutional building•Investment support•Brand building•Qualtiy Management•Fair Trade

Market placeDirect to resellers

Whole sale to traders

Bulk buyers

Organic Store

Processing unitsSeed market

Yet to estiblish

Marketing Agency

Value Chain Fund

COOPERATIVE MELA

Kisan Swaraj Policy

• economic sustainability and income security for agricultural families,

• ecological sustainability to preserve the productive natural resources,

• people's control and access to agricultural resources including land, water, forest, seed and knowledge,

• ensuring non-toxic, diverse, nutritious and adequate food for all Indians.

www.csa-india.orgwww.krishi.tvwww.agrariancrisis.inFacebook: ramoo.agripageTwitter: ramanjaneyuluGVEmail: ramoo.csa@gmail.comPhone: 040-27017735, 09000699702