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The Internet of Things -
Powered by Wireless
Sunday, January 15, 2017
Mark Goldstein, International Research Center
PO Box 825, Tempe, AZ 85280-0825, Phone: 602-470-0389,
[email protected], URL: http://www.researchedge.com/
Presentation Available at http://www.slideshare.net/markgirc
© 2017 - International Research Center
Arizona Chapterhttp://www.radiowirelessweek.org/
See also: Internet of Things Innovations & Megatrends
Presentation to the IEEE Computer Society Phoenix
On December 14, 2016 at http://bit.ly/2hLXjPT
IoT Overview and Ecosystems
IoT Computing Platforms and Sensors
IoT Gateway and Network Connections
IoT Application Arenas
• Consumer and Home Automation
• Wearables
• Healthcare and Life Science
• Retail and Logistics
• Industrial
• Smart Buildings
• Smart Cities and Environment
• Transportation
IoT Security and Privacy
IoT Standards and Organizations
IoT Data Applications and Business Models
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Third_Wave_(Toffler_book) (1980)
Source: Teradata Corporation
Internet of Things Basics
Source: IDC & Peplink 2015
IoT Vision
Source: TE Connectivity
IoT Adoption Landscape
Source: IEEE Spectrum 10/16
Source:
CompTIA
http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/
embedded/embedded-design-center.html
Arduino Mega 2560
Raspberry Pi 2 Model B Nwazet Pi Media CenterNight Vision Camera Modules
MicroSD Card Adapter
BLE Mini Bluetooth 4.0 Interface
Arduino, Raspberry & Other Microcontrollers
Ultimate GPS BreakoutUDOO Quad Core w/SATA
16GB NOOBS
SD Card
Raspberry Pi
Camera Board
PiFace Relay+
https://www.element14.com/community/community/raspberry-pi/
SunFounder 37 Modules Raspberry Pi B+ Sensor Kit
http://www.sunfounder.com/index.php?c=show&id=47&model=Sensor%20Kit%20for%20B+
Detailed tutorial, source code
& 32 lessons on project DVD
https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/pi-zero/
The Raspberry Pi Zero is half the size of
a Model A+, with twice the utility. A tiny
Raspberry Pi that’s affordable enough
for any project!
• 1Ghz, Single-core CPU
• 512MB RAM
• Mini HDMI & USB On-The-Go ports
• Micro USB power
• HAT-compatible 40-pin header
• Composite video & reset headers
• Can utilize Raspbian Jessie OS Adafruit Raspberry Pi Zero Starter Packhttp://www.adafruit.com/products/2816
65 mm x 30 mm x 5 mm
http://www.ti.com/product/cc2541
The Texas Instruments
CC2541 is a power-
optimized true system-on-
chip (SoC) solution for
both Bluetooth low energy
and proprietary 2.4-GHz
applications. It enables
robust network nodes to
be built with low total bill-
of-material costs. The
CC2541 combines the
excellent performance of a
leading RF transceiver
with an industry-standard
enhanced 8051 MCU, in-
system programmable
flash memory, 8-KB RAM,
and many other powerful
supporting features and
peripherals. The CC2541 is
highly suited for systems
where ultralow power
consumption is required.
TI CC2541 SOC
Intel’s Edison computer is housed in an SD card form factor and comes with built-
in Linux and both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth wireless. The computer, which is based on
Intel's 22-nanometer Quark chips, can be the basis for a new wave of products
and will become available summer 2014. Source: eWeek
Intel Curie Module Unleashing Wearable Device Innovation
http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en
/wearables/wearable-soc.html
Intel’s Curie module is a complete low-
power solution for the wearable space
with compute, motion sensor, Bluetooth
Low Energy, and battery charging
capabilities.
Key Features:
• Low-power, 32-bit Intel Quark SE SoC
• 384kB Flash memory, 80kB SRAM
• Small and efficient open source real-
time operating system (RTOS)
• Low-power integrated DSP sensor hub
with a proprietary pattern matching
accelerator
• Bluetooth Low Energy
• 6-Axis combo sensor with
accelerometer and gyroscope
• Battery charging circuitry (PMIC)
• Released January, 2015
Approximately 26 mm x 35 mm
https://software.intel.com/en-us/node/675623
Netclearance Systems, Inc.’s (NCS) mBeaconSense hub embeds temperature, vibration,
accelerometer, magnetic, and light sensors into a 15mm x 20mm form factor making it the
industry's smallest beacon technology to incorporate multiple data sensors into one device.
Combined with the Netclearance Systems' Wi-Fi, Ethernet, and mesh gateways,
mBeaconSense enables multiple remote sensing capabilities in a single tag allowing for
streamlined, and cost-effective deployments. mBeaconSense includes everything necessary
to create next generation IoT sensing capabilities utilizing low power Bluetooth and Wi-Fi.
The mBeaconSense incorporates a near field communication (NFC) antenna and memory to
provide close proximity passive identification capabilities making the product both a hybrid
passive and active tag. http://www.netclearance.com/
AT&T Dedicated IoT Starter Kit for Amazon Web Services
https://starterkit.att.com/
Source: EDN Magazine
Wikipedia on Smart Dust:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SmartdustWikipedia on Wireless Sensor Network (WSN):http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_sensor_network
Smart Dust Motes forWireless SensorNetworks(WSN)
Multihop Wireless Sensor Network
Sensor Cluster Trends for Mobile Phones
(Inertial Measurement Units)
AMS AV-MLV-P2 is a volatile organic compounds (VOC) gas sensor which can detect
alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, organic acids, amines, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.
Source: IEEE Spectrum 11/14
Perspiration Biosensor Patches
http://www.uh.edu/news-events/stories/2016/September/09272016-Researchers-Create-Glucose-Sensing-Contact-Lens.php
The world's first smartphone with a giant six-inch screen and a built-in ADI (U.S., http://www.analog.com/) spectrometer running integrated software by Consumer Physics (U.S., https://www.consumerphysics.com/) and manufacturers by electronics giant Sichuan Changhong Electric Co. (China). (Source: Sichuan Changhong Electric)
The Array of Things (AoT) is an NSF grant
funded urban sensing project to implement a
network of interactive, modular sensor boxes
that will be installed around Chicago to
collect real-time data on the city’s
environment, infrastructure, and activity for
research and public use. The nodes will
initially measure temperature, barometric
pressure, light, vibration, carbon monoxide,
nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone,
ambient sound intensity, pedestrian and
vehicle traffic, and surface temperature.
Continued research and development will
help create sensors to monitor other urban
factors of interest such as flooding and
standing water, precipitation, wind, and
pollutants. See: http://arrayofthings.github.io/
Source: Fujitsu
Source: Cymbet
Energy Harvesting Sweet Spot
Typical End-to-End IoT Architecture Solutions
Source: Intel
https://www-ssl.intel.com/content/www/us/en/embedded/solutions/iot-gateway/overview.html
The NetComm 3G-4G and Wi-Fi Wireless M2M Router utilizes the speed and performance
capabilities of a LTE/4G network to deliver seamless M2M connectivity for a broad range of
M2M applications. The NTC-140W features two Gigabit Ethernet ports and high speed Wi-Fi
connectivity making it an ideal device for high speed networking. The device also features
vehicle voltage support, GPS and Ignition input making it ideal for mobile assets and
transportation applications. The NTC-140W creates point-to-point and point-to-multi-point
communication enabling the secure collection and analysis of data from remote and
unmanned applications. The NTC-140W’s powerful processor delivers optimal performance
and its embedded NetComm Linux OS and Software Development Kit (SDK) offers the end
user the capability to install custom firmware to the on-board flash memory via the
programming interface. Built in VPN clients also ensure a secure connection over a public
mobile network. See http://www.netcommwireless.com/product/4g/ntc-140w
NetComm NTC-140W
EPM2M-LORA Wireless Gateway
Source: Embedded Planet
http://www.embeddedplanet.com/
https://octoblu.com/ (Now part of Citrix)
Full-Stack IoT Messaging and Automation Platform
AWS IoT Architecture
Source: VDC Research
Azure IoT Suite Overview
Source: VDC Research
IoT’s Myriad Pathways and Gateways to the Cloud
Source: Keysight Technologies
IoT Technology Data Rate and Range Needs
Source: Rohde & Schwartz
Wireless Connection Technologies for Industrial IoT
Source: Texas Instruments
M2M Unlicensed Wireless Communications Comparison
Source: IEEE 802.11ah: The Wi-Fi Approach for M2M Communications Paper 10/14
https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/bluetooth-core-specification/bluetooth5
https://www.led-professional.com/technology/standardization/zigbee-alliance-and-thread-group-join-force
http://www.threadgroup.org/
http://www.zigbee.org/
Source: ZigBee Alliance (http://www.zigbee.org/zigbee-for-developers/zigbee3-0/)
Wi-Fi Ecosystem is Undergoing Change
http://www.wirelessdesignmag.com/article/2016/05/now-80211ac-wave-1-rolled-out-whats-next-wi-fi
Why the Present 802.11 Technology is Inadequate:
• Absence of power-saving mechanisms: The energy constraints of sensor networks are not considered in the current IEEE 802.11 standard.
• Unsuitable bands: Due to their short wireless range and high obstruction losses, existing Wi-Fi bands require the use of intermediate nodes, adding complexity to the network.
IEEE 802.11ah Requirements to Support M2M Communications:
• Up to 8,191 devices associated with an access point (AP) through a hierarchical identifier structure
• Carrier frequencies of approximately 900 MHz (license-exempt) that are less congested and guarantee a long range
• Transmission range up to 1 km in outdoor areas• Data rates of at least 100 kbps• One-hop network topologies• Short and infrequent data transmissions (data packet size approximately 100 bytes and
packet inter-arrival time greater than 30 s)• Very low energy consumption by adopting power saving strategies• Cost-effective solution for network device manufacturers
IEEE 802.11ah Wi-Fi Approach for M2M Communications
http://www.ieee802.org/11/Reports/tgah_update.htm
http://www.techrepublic.com/article/802-11ah-wi-fi-protocol-for-iot-solves-two-m2m-problems/
Source: Cisco
Evolution of Mobile Standards
Typical Cellular IoT Use Cases
Source: 4G Americas
5G Scalability to Address Diverse Services and Devices
Source: Qualcomm
Potential 5G Services Bandwidth & Latency Requirements
Source: GMSA, Heavy Reading
Source: Rohde & Schwarz
https://newsroom.intel.com/newsroom/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2017/01/5G-modem-fact-sheet.pdf
IoT Connection Technologies Operating Range
Source: Keysight Technologies
Wireless Technologies Using Unlicensed Bands
Source: Rohde & Schwartz
IoT Frequency Bands of Operation (Non-Cellular)
Source: Keysight Technologies
Source: FCC/National Instruments
Source: AT&T
IoT Wireless Technology Summary
Source: Rohde & Schwartz
Next Generation Wireless Framework
Source: CB Insights
Internet of Things Security Attributes
Source: Hewlett Packard Enterprise
Why the Internet of Things Matters
Source: LNS Research
Source: LNS Research
Internet of Things (IoT) Roadblocks Those making their first foray into connected products can improve the success of their IoT programs by
understanding the following hazards.
• Too many inputs and too much data – Having too much data is nearly as bad as not having enough.
It’s easy to get excited about the promise of new technology. But overdoing it on early programs can
result in data explosion that overwhelms IT systems as well as stakeholders.
• Too many alarms – Nothing guarantees organizational disengagement from a supposedly smart
system than many “false positive” errors. False alarms are the spam of the IIoT world. They drown out
the actual errors and condition stakeholders to ignore system feedback.
• Missed critical alarms – If false positives are frustrating, a false negative can be catastrophically
damaging depending upon the system. No notification or late notification of a potential safety concern
can cause product, personnel, environmental or secondary damage, and can bring the program into
question.
• Unclear guidance – Feedback must be actionable, correct, and timely to the multiple stakeholders
involved. Feedback that is unclear or requires time-consuming offline analysis substantially reduces
system value.
• Unprepared Organization – connected products often require “connected organizations”.
Organizations may need to work together in new and different ways to realize revenue and margin
projections.
• Customer Backlash – Even in cases where the customer clearly has the most to gain through a newly
connected product, there is a risk of customer backlash. Consumer privacy and security risks are
substantial concerns carrying the specter of legal action. Additionally, there is a risk of Government
charges. This US Federal Trade Commission Report provides a good overview of possible risks as
well as the FTC’s recommendations.
• Perceived cost versus benefit – Ideally, the success of an IIoT-enabled product would be easily
quantified. Cost for a connected product can be high, once infrastructure costs are considered. Costs
are often easier to measure than success, particularly if success is tied to lagging and less correlated
metrics such as customer satisfaction. Subjective comparison of cost versus success puts a program
at risk. Without positive proof of value and clearly defined and accepted targets, a single large adverse
event can undermine the program. Source: LNS Research
Internet of Things Playbook
Source: Navigant Research
Internet of Things (IoT) Maturity Mode
Source: TDWI
Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies
Source: Gartner 7/16
Internet of Things (IoT)
Note: Added by MG-IRC
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