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Presentation on POPs
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Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic
Pollutants (2001)
Heather Pilling - History 3ES3: Environmental
Sustainability in Global History
What is it?What is it?
• Objective: “mindful of the precautionary approach set forth in Principle 15 of the Rio Declaration on Environmental and Development, the objective of this Convention is to protect human health and the environment from persistent organic pollutants”
• Objective: “mindful of the precautionary approach set forth in Principle 15 of the Rio Declaration on Environmental and Development, the objective of this Convention is to protect human health and the environment from persistent organic pollutants”
What do they do?What do they do?
• The Convention is based in operated by UNEP and is based in Geneva, Sweden.
• The Convention is based in operated by UNEP and is based in Geneva, Sweden.
Global PartnersGlobal Partners
• The list includes: UNEP, WHO, UNITR, Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals, various NGO’s, research & academic institutions, and groups from the private sector.
• The list includes: UNEP, WHO, UNITR, Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals, various NGO’s, research & academic institutions, and groups from the private sector.
What are POPs?What are POPs?
• POP= Persistent Organic Pollutant
• cause severe damage
• carbon-based substances
• toxic to wildlife and humans
• POP= Persistent Organic Pollutant
• cause severe damage
• carbon-based substances
• toxic to wildlife and humans
• widely distributed throughout the environment through the soil, water, and air
• Those higher in the food chain feel the effects of POPs much greater than those at the bottom
• widely distributed throughout the environment through the soil, water, and air
• Those higher in the food chain feel the effects of POPs much greater than those at the bottom
The Dangers of POPsThe Dangers of POPs
12 Initial POPs12 Initial POPs
• These included the pesticides: aldrin, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene, mirex, and toxaphene
• Also the industrial chemicals: hexachlorobenzene, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s)
• Finally, the by-products: hexachlorobenzene, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins & polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF), and PCB’s
• These included the pesticides: aldrin, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene, mirex, and toxaphene
• Also the industrial chemicals: hexachlorobenzene, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s)
• Finally, the by-products: hexachlorobenzene, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins & polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF), and PCB’s
9 New POPs9 New POPs
• Which included pesticides: chlordecore, alpha hexachlorocyclohexane, beta hexachlorocyclohexane, lindane, and pentachlorobenzene.
• Also the industrial chemicals: hexabromobiphenyl, hexabromodiphenyl ether & heptabromosiphenyl ether, pentachlorobenzene, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, its salts & perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride, tetrabromodiphenyl ether and pentabromodiphenyl ether.
• Finally, the by-products: alpha hexachlorocyclohexane, beta hexachlorocyclohexane, and pentachlorobenzene
• Which included pesticides: chlordecore, alpha hexachlorocyclohexane, beta hexachlorocyclohexane, lindane, and pentachlorobenzene.
• Also the industrial chemicals: hexabromobiphenyl, hexabromodiphenyl ether & heptabromosiphenyl ether, pentachlorobenzene, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, its salts & perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride, tetrabromodiphenyl ether and pentabromodiphenyl ether.
• Finally, the by-products: alpha hexachlorocyclohexane, beta hexachlorocyclohexane, and pentachlorobenzene
Classification of POPsClassification of POPs
Necessity for a Global Movement
Necessity for a Global Movement
• By looking at the events which led to the creation of the Convention, we will be able to better our understanding of related environmental issues
• By looking at the events which led to the creation of the Convention, we will be able to better our understanding of related environmental issues
Pre-ConventionPre-Convention
• Rachel Carson: Silent Spring (studying DDT in wildlife and humans)
• Soren Jensen (Swedish researcher studying DDT in human blood)
• Rachel Carson: Silent Spring (studying DDT in wildlife and humans)
• Soren Jensen (Swedish researcher studying DDT in human blood)
Dioxins / Agent OrangeDioxins / Agent Orange
• Most widely known for being used in the Vietnam War.
• 400, 000 killed… 500, 000 children with defects… 2 million suffering from cancer and other illnesses…
• Most widely known for being used in the Vietnam War.
• 400, 000 killed… 500, 000 children with defects… 2 million suffering from cancer and other illnesses…
BioaccumulationBioaccumulation
• Biologists were among the first to notice the harmful effects that POPs had on not only the wilderness, but human populations as well
• Biologists were among the first to notice the harmful effects that POPs had on not only the wilderness, but human populations as well
• Previously many professionals believed that POPs were only linked to cancer, but Colburn showed that they can also be related to hormonal levels within our bodies
• Previously many professionals believed that POPs were only linked to cancer, but Colburn showed that they can also be related to hormonal levels within our bodies
Timeline of EventsTimeline of Events
• 1995: UNEP/GC adopt a resolution regarding this issue
• 1996: IFCS create list of 12 POPs• 1997: Preparing for the creation of the treaty• 2001: 92 Countries signed at the Conference of
Plenipotentiaries• 2004: Treaty came into effect• 2009: 9 New POPs added to the treaty• 2010: Treaty now has 172 Parties and 153
Signatories, new amendments now take into effect
• 1995: UNEP/GC adopt a resolution regarding this issue
• 1996: IFCS create list of 12 POPs• 1997: Preparing for the creation of the treaty• 2001: 92 Countries signed at the Conference of
Plenipotentiaries• 2004: Treaty came into effect• 2009: 9 New POPs added to the treaty• 2010: Treaty now has 172 Parties and 153
Signatories, new amendments now take into effect
DDT and Malaria Vector Control
DDT and Malaria Vector Control
Sustainability of Our Environment
Sustainability of Our Environment
• First “globally and legally binding treaty that requires governments to control, with the aim to eliminate, a class of chemicals because they could cause harmful toxic pollution”
• Hope for a brighter, pollutant free future…
• First “globally and legally binding treaty that requires governments to control, with the aim to eliminate, a class of chemicals because they could cause harmful toxic pollution”
• Hope for a brighter, pollutant free future…
Image Citations:Image Citations:• Slide 2: http://chm.pops.int/Home/tabid/36/language/en-US/Default.aspx (accessed November 15, 2010).• Slide 3: http://image34.webshots.com/35/9/63/31/234396331azUTkr_fs.jpg (accessed November 11, 2010)• Slide 4: 1) http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/drip.html (accessed November 15, 2010)
2) http://www.forumforthefuture.org/files/unep_logo.gif (accessed November 15, 2010)• Slide 6: http://www.umass.edu/nre/getagrip/clueless/images/air_water.jpg (accessed November 17, 2010)• Slide 9: http://www.economicbubbles.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/pesticides1.jpg (accessed
November 15, 2010)• Slide 10: http://environmentsatwork.com/images/uploads/Sustainability.jpg (accessed November 20, 2010)• Slide 11: http://media.eyeblast.org/newsbusters/static/2010/09/Al%20Gore%20Gets%20Los%20Angeles
%20School%20Named%20After%20Him%20and%20Rachel%20%27DDT%27%20Carson.jpg (accessed November 20, 2010)
• Slide 12: 1) http://asitoughttobe.files.wordpress.com/2010/05/spraying-agent-orange.jpg (accessed November 20, 2010)2) http://www.veteranstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/agent-orange-cropdusting.jpg (accessed November 21, 2010)
• Slide 15: 1) http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/1675000/images/_1677073_sprayers_150.jpg (accessed November 17, 2010)2) http://www.pri.org/thumbnail.php?file=stop_malaria_sign_zambia_924853469.jpg&size=article_mediumworker with gloves: http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Environment/Pix/columnists/2010/11/10/1289397254113/A-health-worker-spays-DDT-006.jpg (accessed November 17, 2010)3) http://development.thinkaboutit.eu/scripts/tinymce/jscripts/tiny_mce/plugins/imagemanager/files/Freeda/4.JPG (accessed November 22, 2010)
• Slide 16: http://www.theuptowninitiative.org/wpimages/wp8d51a0ff.jpg (accessed November 15, 2010)
• Slide 2: http://chm.pops.int/Home/tabid/36/language/en-US/Default.aspx (accessed November 15, 2010).• Slide 3: http://image34.webshots.com/35/9/63/31/234396331azUTkr_fs.jpg (accessed November 11, 2010)• Slide 4: 1) http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/drip.html (accessed November 15, 2010)
2) http://www.forumforthefuture.org/files/unep_logo.gif (accessed November 15, 2010)• Slide 6: http://www.umass.edu/nre/getagrip/clueless/images/air_water.jpg (accessed November 17, 2010)• Slide 9: http://www.economicbubbles.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/pesticides1.jpg (accessed
November 15, 2010)• Slide 10: http://environmentsatwork.com/images/uploads/Sustainability.jpg (accessed November 20, 2010)• Slide 11: http://media.eyeblast.org/newsbusters/static/2010/09/Al%20Gore%20Gets%20Los%20Angeles
%20School%20Named%20After%20Him%20and%20Rachel%20%27DDT%27%20Carson.jpg (accessed November 20, 2010)
• Slide 12: 1) http://asitoughttobe.files.wordpress.com/2010/05/spraying-agent-orange.jpg (accessed November 20, 2010)2) http://www.veteranstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/agent-orange-cropdusting.jpg (accessed November 21, 2010)
• Slide 15: 1) http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/1675000/images/_1677073_sprayers_150.jpg (accessed November 17, 2010)2) http://www.pri.org/thumbnail.php?file=stop_malaria_sign_zambia_924853469.jpg&size=article_mediumworker with gloves: http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Environment/Pix/columnists/2010/11/10/1289397254113/A-health-worker-spays-DDT-006.jpg (accessed November 17, 2010)3) http://development.thinkaboutit.eu/scripts/tinymce/jscripts/tiny_mce/plugins/imagemanager/files/Freeda/4.JPG (accessed November 22, 2010)
• Slide 16: http://www.theuptowninitiative.org/wpimages/wp8d51a0ff.jpg (accessed November 15, 2010)
