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PREPARING FOR CLIMATE CHANGE
IWRM as a Practical Approach to Climate Change Adaptation
Convenors: Cap-Net, UNDP, WMO/APFM, UNESCO-IHE, REDICA, Rhama and GWP
Stockholm 2009
Water Management, Water Security and
Climate Change Adaptation:Early Impacts and Essential Responses
TEC BACKGROUND PAPER NO. 14Published by the Global Water Partnership
Key message:• Water is the primary medium through which climate
change will impact people, ecosystems and economies
• Water resources management should therefore be an early focus for adaptation to climate change
• It does not hold all of the answers to adaptation; a broad range of responses will be needed
• But water is both part of the problem and an important part of the solution
• It is a good place to start
Outline:
• Water and adaptation: framing the issue • Climate change challenges for water
management • Climate change adaptation through better
water management • Financing issues for adaptive water resource
management • Conclusions
Framing the issue
• Actions to implement robust water management are adaption actions.
• Strengthen resilience to current climate challenges
• Builds capacity to adapt to future climate change.
Framing the issue• Overall impacts of climate change on freshwater resources
expected to be negative
• But much that is not yet well understood• Beyond increased temperatures rainfall changes to effects on
river flows and groundwater recharge• Specific challenges of snow and glacier melt• Impacts on water quality
• Understanding required of the dynamics of current variability and future climate change
• Enhanced capacity to respond to these dynamics enables better water resources management.
Projected changes in runoff by 2080 for Mexico and Central
America
Framing the issue
• Achieving and sustaining water security,
• “... harnessing water’s productive potential and limiting its destructive potential”
• a focus for adaptation strategies
• a framework for action
• CC will make it harder to achieve, sustain water security
Percentage changes in annual extreme precipitation
Climate change challenges for water management
• Understanding the physical science– Changing rainfall– Leveraged effects on runoff and streamflow– Temperature, evaporation and aridity – Impact on groundwater recharge and storage?– Dynamics of glacier and snow melt– More frequent “extremes”
• Monitoring hydrological change – the data gap
Ethiopia: Rainfall, GDP and Agricultural GDP
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
801
982
198
3
198
4
198
5
198
6
198
7
198
8
198
9
199
0
199
1
199
2
199
3
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5
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6
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7
199
8
199
9
200
0
year
pe
rce
nta
ge
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
rainfall variation around the mean
GDP growth
Ag GDP growth
Ethiopia: Rainfall, GDP and Agric. GDP
World Bank
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
801
982
198
3
198
4
198
5
198
6
198
7
198
8
198
9
199
0
199
1
199
2
199
3
199
4
199
5
199
6
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7
199
8
199
9
200
0
year
pe
rce
nta
ge
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
rainfall variation around the mean
GDP growth
Ag GDP growth
Ethiopia: Rainfall, GDP and Agric. GDP
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
801
982
198
3
198
4
198
5
198
6
198
7
198
8
198
9
199
0
199
1
199
2
199
3
199
4
199
5
199
6
199
7
199
8
199
9
200
0
year
pe
rce
nta
ge
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
rainfall variation around the mean
GDP growth
Ag GDP growth
Ethiopia: Rainfall, GDP and Agric. GDP
World Bank
Climate change challenges for water management
• Social and economic dynamics– Variability and development– Disaster vulnerability – Urban challenges– Industry, trade and competitiveness– Food and agriculture, the critical challenge– Investing in reliability – Hydropower opportunities and threats– Ecosystem sacrifices
• Overall challenge : water driven structural changes
World potential and current hydropower production, 2004
Climate change challenges for water management
• Compounding factors, other drivers– Population growth– Economic development and consumption change– Technology– Urbanisation and land use change– Climate mitigation strategies!
• Uncertainty and timing a major issue
Climate change adaptation through better water management
• Water security, a first objective but also a framework for adaptation
• Water security through integrated water resources management
• Institutionalising adaptation• Investment, hard and soft• Balance and sequence – the art of adaptation
Balancing and sequencing infrastructure and managementBalancing & sequencing investments in
water infrastructure & management
Financing adaptive water resource management
‘Financing Water for All’ :-“The creation of IWRM data, plans and coordination capacity itself needs proper funding. Some of the above mentioned functions are easier to finance than others, and for certain of them (e.g. provision of ‘public goods’ such as flood control and data collection) public funding will be necessary. “
Financing adaptive water resource management
• Consistent message: • Integrated management and development of water
resources is an important activity; • However, its funding needs and financial strategies to
meet them not yet adequately addressed• Historical neglect of financing strategies for water
resources management due in large part to focus on:– short-term poverty priorities, basic water and sanitation– ‘bankable’ activities, hydropower and industrial water– Missing longer-term “public good” focus
Financing adaptive water resource management
• Core funding for water management is core funding for adaptation
• Many “public good” and “merit good” functions• Aid effectiveness principles should guide adaptation
funding• Avoid fragmentation and reduce transaction costs• Build long term capacity to cope with emerging
challenges• Funding of trans-boundary interventions a special case
– may merit specific instruments
Conclusions
• The long time horizons and great uncertainties associated with climate change call for adaptation responses that can deliver immediate benefits, while building robust, adaptive institutions designed to ensure enduring resilience
• Investments in water resources management provide just this; they are, by nature, investments in adaption
Conclusions
• A focus on achieving and sustaining water security provides immediate benefits, particularly for underserved and vulnerable poor populations, as well as greater capacity to manage future risks
• Today’s investments in water security should be seen as an explicit part of a coherent longer-term strategy for adaptation that will build a more resilient world in the future.
Conclusions• Support needed for core water resources
management information systems, institutions and investments
• Avoid fragmented initiatives that weaken core• Align with aid effectiveness principles • Offers a durable and efficient framework for
water security and mainstreaming adaptation efforts into national development plans.