Presentation Theme:

Towards cleaner India : Providing clean drinking water and proper sanitation facility to all

PRESENTED BY: 1) JAYDEEP MULCHANDANI 2) MITESH DONDA 3) ABHISHEK SINGH 4) SAGAR PATEL 5) NABEEL GOLWALA

FROM: SHANKERSINH VAGHELA BAPU INSTITUTE

OF TECHNOLOGY, GANDHINAGAR

CITY COVERAGE (%)

AVAILABILITY (HOURS)

CONSUMPTION (Ltrs/Cap.)

DEMAND(Mill. Ltrs per day)

SUPPLY(Mill. Ltrs per day)

BANGLORE 70 2.5 105 970 680

CALCUTTA 66 10 209 1,125 1,125

CHENNAI 97 4 80 600 400

DELHI 86 4 200 3,600 2,925

MUMBAI 100 5 178 3,200 2,700

One study ranked Delhi, Mumbai and Chennai among the four worst cities in Asia in terms of water availability.

NATURE OF QUALITY PROBLEM

No. OF AFFECTED HABITATIONS

EXCESS IRON 1,38,670

EXCESS FLUORIDE 36,998

EXCESS SALINITY 32,597

EXCESS NITRATE 4,003

EXCESS ARSENIC 3,553

OTHER REASONS 1,400

TOTAL 2,17,211

One can break up the main problems associated with water supply into two categories, Those of quantity and those of quality. . .

QUANTITY QUALITY

Some major problems related to water supply in rural and urban areas: The current level of coverage of drinking water supply amongst India’s rural inhabitants is 86% ‘fully covered’, 12% ‘partially covered’ and 2%‘not covered’. Hand-pumps and bore-wells are the primary source of drinking water, used by 42 % of the population. The traditional open well serves about 27 % and 5 % of people still collect drinking water from exposed sources such as rivers, lakes and ponds. In India it is mostly women or children who are responsible for collecting water and managing its household use which keeps them far from job or school. Often a water supply may only be available to the better off or the higher castes in a village who either own the land on which the supply is based or pay for its upkeep somehow. A major problem raised where the electrically operated pumps are used to supply water, the very unreliable electricity source available in rural areas means that water is only sporadically made available. During the monsoon, there is a huge amount of rainfall but due to improper rain water harvesting system much water is lost either in run-off (specially in coastal areas) or in evaporation. A great deal of the piped water supplies are subject to heavy losses through leakage, beside the fact there is lack of resources of water.

55% of India’s population has no access to toilets. Most of these are those people who live in urban slums and rural areas. In large places the existing sewerage systems, built to serve a population of around 3 million people, can’t handle the wastewater produced by an average of 12-14 million residents. 75% of India’s surface water resources are polluted and 80% of this is due to sewage alone.

Some major problems due to poor sanitation…

Sewage in open produces mosquitoes which causes Malaria and Dengue fever responsible for

another 300,000 deaths in our country annually. Lack of improved sanitation and hygiene contribute to about 88 per cent of diarrhoeal deaths. In India, diarrhoea alone causes more than 1,600 deaths daily—the same as if eight 200-person jumbo-jets crashed to the ground each day.

Percentage of household with proper sanitation facility

Providing carbon credited water treatment system and equal number of human waste bio-gas generators in rural schools and homes.

CONCEPT OF SOLUTION :

•Install water treatment systems in each home and schools in rural area and government schools in urban area. •Revenue generated will subsidize the installations of an equal number of human waste bio-gas generators. •Provide safe and clean water to the people.

MERITS OVER EXISTING SYSTEM :

•Economic sustainability and expansion is generated only by the continued use. •Beneficial to those who can’t afford to buy water purifier plant and who are beyond the reach of safe drinking water. •Biogas generators will take human and kitchen waste and capture the waste methane. •Bio-gas generators generate waste effluent(methane) ,a very rich fertilizer. •No fear of increased level and bad effects of fluoride,arsenic,salinity etc. •No longer is there a disconnect between funding and public health goals.

Safe and clean drinking water will reduce the thousands of children who die due to diarrhea in India.

•Deploy sufficient number of water treatment plants throughout the city or village, targeting most of schools. •These plants will be gravity and photovoltaic driven filtration and ultraviolet disinfection systems. •It will provide bacterially decontaminated water for

drinking.

NEED OF STAKEHOLDERS:

• Condition of assets during handback • Civic society - Tariff implications • General acceptance by the community • Technology being prescribed by the government agency • Payment guarantee • No business case • Obtaining applicable permits

HUMAN RESOURCES : A team or a professional is required to instruct people, how to use the water treatment plant.

PROPOSED SOURCE OF FUNDING ARE: 1. Manufacturer company making such treatment plants must involve in partnership with

helping organisations,NGOs. 2. Government should provide equipments at low cost and without tax to the manufacturer

company. •Central and state ministry of water resources for providing financial help •Along with central and state ministry ,some NGO’s introduce to some economical support & technology & research support.

3. Allowing private partner to implement a technology of its choice to increase interest in investment.

4. Invite federal agencies to help in implementing the project financially and economically

IMPACT OF THIS PROGRAM

CRITERIA TO MEASURE IMPACT :

•Collect the data and information about health of people after implementation and information about life standard also. •Check quality and quantity of water those supply to local people. •Monitoring the production of bio-gas and proper distribution to local area and used in water treatment plant. •Mostly collect data and information to that area does not get benefits of this project.

Aware people about sustainable use of water and some good health habits. Expanding access to safe drinking water especially the marginalized rural communities with a view to positively contribute to improved health and productivity Child-mortality rates drop. Women and children spend less time collecting water and have more time for school, participating in community life, and earning wages. Family health is improved. women borrowers are empowered in their homes and communities. No need to transport water and hence no leakage problem.

CHALLENGES :

MITIGATION FACTORS :

ECONOMIC CHALLENGES: Ability to attract finance for a major scaling-up Engaging the Private/Corporate sector Scalable finance models for meeting demand have not emerged

SOCIAL CHALLENGES : Need for higher degree of efforts and resources for bringing about sustainable behavioural change

POLITICAL CHALLENGES : Governments are often driven by a political agenda and constrained by highly bureaucratic ways of functioning, which in turn has a slow-down and sometimes even adverse effect on the program.

TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES: The technology of construct and maintenance of water treatment plant & human waste bio-gas generators.

•Arrange more funding through NGOs and take loan by World Bank to solve the economical problem. •Govt. and private institute do combine research to develop new technology of water treatment plant to increasing the efficiency and lowering the cost of construction and maintenance problem. •A team should be committed and well paid to ensure: - the quality of water from these plants after specific time interval -to guide people about usage of water treatment plant -to look the proper use of generated bio-gas(methane, a rich fertilizer).

A B C D of sanitation A : Architecture

B : Behaviour change C : Cleanliness D: Disposal technologies

CONCEPT OF SOLUTION :

•Thinking beyond a toilet i.e. building the concept of toilet mall to focus on A B C D of sanitation. •Human waste utilisation is a valued addition due to benefits of biogas from digesters, urea from harvested urine and compost from the sludge.

BENEFITS OF THIS IDEA :

•Provide a sound revenue stream and thus helping in subsiding the sanitation aspects. •Appropriate architecture offers the public image that attracts users into built space. •ABCD offers a wide range of innovative features. •No need to implant sewage system at several places and hence less water usage and wastage. •Improved management through franchise mechanism ensures locals are involved in operations and accrued benefits and also enhances hygiene levels

•Sign contracts with local authorities who are providing appropriate space for the infrastructure. •Engage main corporates for the sponsorships of these units for branding for the period. •Engage a local university to develop a week-long module for capacity development of the franchise (youth and women) four per facility. •Construct the TOILET-MALL with eminent facilities of sanitation close to schools or locality. •Make the system to keep record of the people coming there every day and take their reviews and feedback. •Make a team to aware people about sanitation and benefits of TOILET-MALL.

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY:

PROPOSED SOURCE OF FUNDING : •Local authorities - providing appropriate space for the infrastructure. •Local corporates for financial support. •Scale up to the global giant corporates, foundations and equity financing bodies and linkages. •Total Revenues (monthly)

• Revenue from facility usage Revenues from monthly plan subscriptions Revenues from daily usage

• Revenue from Advertising • Revenue from rental Space • Other Revenues

IMPACT OF THIS PROGRAM

CRITERIA TO MEASURE IMPACT :

•Collect the data and information about health of people after implementation and information about life standard also. •Check the facilities provided to people in TOILET MALL. •Monitoring the production of bio-gas and proper distribution to local area and used in water treatment plant. •Mostly collect data and information to that area does not get benefits of this project. •No. of people taking advantage from this idea.

•It will continues its mission-saving lives and uplifting peoples dignity and income through sustainable innovations on sanitation interventions in slums and schools. •Savings in disease costs and biomass consumption will be a major environmental boost. •Use of urine and compost will improve soil performance hence increased food production •In schools there will be improved retainment of children especially the girl child, reduced costs of illnesses and missing lessons and health and dignity of OUR people. •Replaces the traditional disposal methods of burning and land filling.

SUSTAINABILITY : · Social and Economic: Able to strengthen financial resource recovery and also ensured total linkages

between the investments with the users.

· Cultural: Through interactive and innovative social marketing, inclusion of beauty and music stars,

religious and political leadership to break the barriers and open up discussions on toilet.

· Environmental: Urine harvesting for conversion to urea is a major boost of recovery,

use of bio digesters for energy recovery and use of waterless urinals and thus saving

CHALLENGES :

ECONOMICAL CHALLENGES : •Facilities are supposed to be self sustainable as students or pupils cannot be charged.

SOCIAL CHALLENGES : •People(especially women) will uncomfortable to come to the TOILET MALL for using it. •People unaware of sanitation will not be in favour to charge for using toilets daily even if it is too low.

POLITICAL CHALLENGES : •The sharing of electricity might be the source of serious conflict between domestic users and industrialist.

MITIGATION FACTORS:

1. Develop power purchase agreement earn money from buyer and fund in maintenance of project.

2. Social problem of sharing of electricity between domestic users and industry solved by settlement based on “quantity require” and give subsidy to domestic users.

3. Run a program to make people aware of benefits and usage of TOILET MALL and sanitation.

APPENDIX

References: 1) Articles by DEPARTMENT OF INERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (DFID)

2) Articles by WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) 3) Research by DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT & MANAGEMENT (WRD&M)

THANK YOU