GREENFLAGSHIP

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Green flagship

Alternative energy sources

Optimum cargo capacity

Environmentally friendly design

What’s in a name?

Design sketchbook

Vessel design

Clean sailing

Quick facts

Related links

Bringing goods to the global market Wallenius Wilhelmsen’s commitment to protecting theenvironment often runs ahead of the schedules mandat-ed by international legislation. So it may come as nosurprise that Wallenius Wilhelmsen is at the forefront ofvessel design. The result? The E/S Orcelle, WalleniusWilhelmsen’s vision for the future of an environmentallyfriendly ocean transport industry.

This concept vessel does not release any emissionsinto the atmosphere or into the ocean. It uses renew-able energy sources and fuel cells to generate theenergy required to power the vessel. Its highlyadvanced design provides optimum cargo capacity totransport cars and other goods around the world moreefficiently.

GREEN FLAGSHIP

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Renewable energySustainable shipping depends on the use of new tech-nologies and on the utilisation of energy from renew-able sources. Wallenius Wilhelmsen believes that thefuture of the shipping industry lies in the utilisation ofthe energy sources already available at sea: the energyfrom the sun, from the wind and from the waves.

We believe that the industry as a whole must putmore effort into developing sustainable ocean transportsolutions that are both viable and cost-effective. To thatend, the design of the E/S Orcelle is based on the utili-sation of energy from renewable sources. WalleniusWilhelmsen is well aware that the technologiesrequired to enable this concept vessel to become areality in the next 20 years need to be developed.

We have observed various emerging technologiesthat enable smaller ships to utilise energy from renew-able sources. And we are keeping a close watch onemerging trends and are hopeful that these solutionsmay become applicable to larger vessels sometime inthe future. Renewable energy sources have the poten-tial to provide an abundant supply of energy with mini-mal environmental impact and at relatively low cost.

We look forward to the future.

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES

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More versatile vesselThe E/S Orcelle will have an optimum cargo capacity of85,000 m2 of cargo deck stowage area, roughly equiva-lent to 14 football fields. This is up to 50% more spacethan today’s modern car carriers, which are capable oftransporting 6,500 vehicles.

The E/S Orcelle will be capable of transporting upto 10,000 cars on eight cargo decks. Three of thedecks will be adjustable to accommodate cargo of dif-ferent heights and weights.

Compared to today’s vessels, the pentamaran hullshape of the E/S Orcelle and its utilisation of energyfrom renewable sources will help optimise the cargo-carrying capacity of the vessel. The E/S Orcelle willhave a maximum deadweight capacity of 13,000 tonsand weigh 21,000 tons much like today’s car carriers.Yet the E/S Orcelle will be capable of carrying approxi-mately 3,000 more tons of cargo, thanks to the use oflightweight materials and the elimination of ballastwater.

OPTIMUM CARGO CAPACITY

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Design challengesWhat does the future hold for shipping in the year2025? What if fossil fuel oils become too expensive toextract or if they are quite simply no longer available?What if renewable energy sources available at seacould replace the fuel oils used to power today’sships? What if car manufacturers could extend therange of the environmental friendliness of their opera-tions to include the entire supply chain - from factoryproduction through delivery to dealers and onwards toconsumers?

These questions constitute the basis for the designand development of the E/S Orcelle, the zero-emissionvessel of the future. The main design considerationsinclude:

� Using the sun, wind and waves to employ multiple energy generators that include fuel cells.

� Optimising cargo capacity and lowering energy consumption per transported unit.

� Taking into consideration other environmental challenges, such as completely eliminating the problems related to ballast water, thanks to the new hull design.

Conceptual work on the E/S Orcelle began in 2004and is continuing. By using alternative energy sourcesand eliminating emissions, the E/S Orcelle will con-tribute to the protection of marine ecosystems and ofthe earth’s atmosphere. Wallenius Wilhelmsen envis-ages a service date of 2025 for this environmentallyfriendly car carrier.

ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY DESIGN

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No ballast waterAccording to IMO, ballast water is one of the four majorthreats to the world’s oceans. The E/S Orcelle willeffectively eliminate this threat by eliminating the needfor ballast water. Thanks to the vessel’s pentamaran hulldesign and the elimination of a traditional stern propellerand rudder, no ballast water will be required on board.

No emissionsWith the E/S Orcelle, it will be clean sailing with zeroemissions. The E/S Orcelle is powered by the sensibleutilisation of energy from renewable sources. Theseenergy sources will include solar energy, wind energyand wave energy, and will be used in combination witha fuel cell system powered by hydrogen. Some of thehydrogen for the fuel cells will be produced on boardby solar, wind and wave energy. The only by-productsof the production of electricity from fuel cells are waterand heat.

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ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY DESIGN

The E/S Orcelle is named after the Irrawaddy dolphin,or Orcelle in French. WWF, the global conservationorganisation includes the dolphin, which resembles thebeluga whale, among the world's critically endangeredspecies.

Although the species now inhabits limited coastaland freshwater areas in South-East Asia, WalleniusWilhelmsen chose to name its ship of the future afterthe dolphin in recognition of the immediate danger ofthis species’ extinction.

The abbreviation, E/S, stands for Environmentallysound Ship. The E/S Orcelle releases zero emissionsinto the atmosphere and no operational discharges intothe sea.

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WHAT’S IN A NAME?

The multi-disciplinary team that is working on the con-ceptual design of the E/S Orcelle includes naval archi-tects, environmental experts and industrial designers.The challenge presented to the design team was toinvestigate the use of alternative energy sources, ratherthan fossil fuel oil, for the vessel’s power and propulsion.

Other important design requirements included zeroemissions and optimum cargo capacity. Weight and dis-placement, hull design and speed were also designconsiderations that the team explored. Below is a briefpresentation of the design process.

Sketch 1The conceptual design of the vessel began as astreamlined trimaran which, compared to conventionalmonohull designs, provides greater stability, significant-ly less drag and improved utilisation of energy.

Sketch 2The design team then explored various alternatives toprovide the best combination of the utilisation of alter-native energy sources, optimum cargo capacity andother environmental considerations.

Sketch 3In order to optimise cargo capacity on board, the light-weight of the vessel was decreased by splitting the tri-maran’s sponsons into two, which resulted in a moredynamic pentamaran hull design.

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Sketch 1 Sketch 2 Sketch 3

DESIGN SKETCHBOOK

Lightweight materialsThe use of aluminium and thermoplastic compositematerials offer these distinct advantages over commoncarbon steels:

� High tensile strength � Less maintenance � Easy to shape� Lightweight � Fatigue resistant� Recyclable

Powerful pentamaranThe E/S Orcelle will have five hulls; a long, slendermain hull and four support hulls, or sponsons, to pro-vide stability at sea. The stability offered by the penta-maran hull and its fins, combined with the use of newpropulsion systems, will eliminate the need for the ves-sel to take on and release ballast water. In addition, thepentamaran hull design will contribute to the improvedutilisation of energy and to the clean flow of wateraround vessel.

VESSEL DESIGN

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The primary energy sources for the E/S Orcelle will befuel cells as well as the sun, wind and waves. Theseenergy sources will be transformed on board to createenergy carriers. An energy carrier is a way of transmit-ting energy for use. Energy consumers include allequipment on board that utilise energy to operate thevessel.

Primary energy sourcesSolar energySolar energy will be utilised through photovoltaic pan-els located in the vessel’s sails. When not in use forwind propulsion, the sails may be tilted, laid down or inother ways directed for maximum solar energy collec-tion. The solar energy will then be transformed intoelectricity for immediate use, or for storage.

Wind energyWind energy will mainly be utilised for propulsiondirectly through three sails constructed of lightweightcomposite material; a uniquely new twist to the age-oldart of sailing. Capable of folding upward and outward,the rigid sails can rotate about the masthead to fix thebest position to extract wind energy through the cre-ation of drag force or lift force, or a combination of thetwo.

Wave energyWave energy may be transformed into various types ofenergy by combining the relative movements of thewaves, the fins and the vessel. The E/S Orcelle willhave a total of 12 fins in all, enabling the vessel to har-ness and transform wave energy into hydrogen, elec-tricity or mechanical energy. The fins are also propul-sion units that are driven by wave energy or by theelectricity or mechanical energy available on board.

CLEAN SAILING

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Solar energy Wind energy Wave energy

Energy carriersFuel cellsFuel cell technology is developing at a rapid pace, asevident in its use in the automotive industry.Approximately 50% of the energy used for propulsionof the E/S Orcelle will be generated by fuel cells. Fuelcells will combine two common chemical elements,hydrogen and oxygen, to generate electricity to be usedby the electric motors in the pod and fin propulsion sys-tems. The fuel cells will also generate electricity forother energy consumers on board. Generating energyin this way creates by-products: pure water vapour andheat.

Hydrogen The E/S Orcelle will have a hydrogen-driven fuel cellsystem on board to generate electricity. The productionand storage (at high pressure or low temperature) ofthe hydrogen itself are currently obstacles that need tobe overcome in order to develop viable fuel cell tech-nology for ships.

Wallenius Wilhelmsen envisions that future technolo-gies will be able to transform solar, wind and waveenergy into hydrogen for immediate use and/or storageon board. By developing technologies that will enablethe production of hydrogen at sea, we will be able torealize a significant reduction in the handling and stor-age of this energy source on board. In addition, weexpect new technologies to solve the hydrogen storageproblems, enabling solid materials to replace the fluid.

ElectricityVarious energy sources, including the vessel’s solarpanels, fuel cell system and fins, will generate electricityfor propulsion, lighting, equipment, ventilation and navi-gation. Battery storage facilities will provide operationalflexibility.

Mechanical and hydraulic energyThe wave energy generated by the vertical movementof the fins may be transformed into mechanical energyfor immediate use in the mechanical propulsion of thefins. In addition, energy from the movement of the finsmay be harnessed to generate hydraulic energy thatmay either be used immediately or stored. Other prom-ising systems for mechanical energy storage, such asflywheels, are under development.

Energy consumersElectric propulsion system The E/S Orcelle will have two variable speed electricpropulsion systems, known as pods, to complement thevessel’s sail and fin propulsion systems. Each pod willhouse a motor, gearbox and propeller in a single com-pact unit. One pod will be fitted at each end of themain hull, providing full power and a 360-degree fieldof manoeuvrability.

Sailing Electric and hydraulic power supply will be required toerect, unfurl and rotate the sails.

Manoeuvring Electric and hydraulic power supply will be required tooperate the two aft rudders. The rudders will providesteering capabilities during operations when the elec-tric propulsion systems are not in use, for example,while the vessel is sailing.

Onboard systemsVentilation and onboard systems will utilise energy,which is primarily electrical energy. Hydraulic power willalso be required for raising and lowering the stern rampand for adjusting the height of the cargo decks.

CLEAN SAILING

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Concept vessel Zero-emission car carrierHull design Pentamaran

Design materials Aluminium and thermoplastic composites Length overall 250 mHeight 40 mTotal height with sails erected: 95 mBeam moulded 50 mDesign draught 9 mDesign speed (maximum) 20 knotsDesign speed (service) 15 knots

DimensionsSolar panels 3 x 800 m2

Sails 3 x 1,400 m2

Fins 12 x 210 m2

Maximum energy outputSolar panel 2,500 kWFuel cells 10,000 kW

Pod propulsion 2 x 4,000 kW

Lightweight of vessel 21,000 tonsMaximum deadweightcapacity 13,000 tons

Vehicle capacity 10,000 cars (Based on today's standard units)

Design cargo deck area 85,000 m2

Number of decks Eight cargo decks, of which three are adjustable in order to accommodate high and heavy vehicles and equipment

Note: At this stage of development, it is not the intent of Wallenius Wilhelmsen to show every detail of arrangement on board.

QUICK FACTS

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Electrical pod systems (Rolls Royce)http://www.rolls-royce.com/marine/product/propulsion/electrical/default.jsp

European Hydrogen Association http://www.h2euro.org/intro/intro_00.html

European Integrated Hydrogen Projecthttp://www.eihp.org/

Fuel Cell Today http://www.fuelcelltoday.com/index/

How stuff works: Fuel cellshttp://science.howstuffworks.com/search.php?search=fuel%20cells&fr=ch

How the Hydrogen Economy Workshttp://people.howstuffworks.com/hydrogen-economy.htm

International Energy Agencyhttp://www.iea.org

Orcelle dolphin (Irrawaddy dolphin)http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/what_we_do/species/showspecies.cfm?SID=52&LID=2&FH=E

National Renewable Energy Laboratoryhttp://www.nrel.gov/

RELATED LINKS

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