Green Concrete (Piti Sukontasukkul) (Thai and English)

เทคโนโลยส ำหรบงำนคอนกรตสเขยว และมำตรำฐำนทเกยวของ

รองศาสตราจารย ดร. ปต สคนธสขกล ภาควชาวศวกรรมโยธา มหาวทยาลยเทคโนโลยพระจอมเกลาพระนครเหนอ

Chairman TC4, Thailand Concrete Association

Presentation for W.R.GRACE Seminar

Environmental Issues in Concrete Construction Sector

CO2 Emission (use of fossil fuels)

Manufacturing of cement and concrete

Construction activities

Transportation

Natural resources depletion

Wastes generation

Soil and water contamination

Presentation for W.R.GRACE Seminar 2013

Global Warming

Over the last 400,000 years, the atmospheric CO2 concentrations is fluctuated up and down with the upper and lower limit about 300 and 200 ppm, respectively. (from the ice core data).

Today, CO2 concentrations worldwide is average about 380 ppm.


Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Gas Type (2007)

Source: IPCC (2007) based on global emissions from 2004 Details about the sources included in these estimates can be

found in the Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

Change .

The primary greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone.

Contribution to green house effect

• Water vapor (H2O) 36 – 72%

• Carbon dioxide (CO2) 9 – 26%

• Methane (CH4) 4 – 9%

• Ozone (O3) 3 – 7%


http://www.epa.gov/epahome/exitepa.htm

CO2 Emission from Fossil Fuels

http://www.consumerenergyreport.com/2012/07/02/global-carbon-dioxide-emissions-facts-and-figures/


Greenhouse gases by sector (2007)

CO2 Emission by sources (2007)


Previous Actions to Environmental Issues

The National Trust (1895), UK

•A non-profit or charitable organizations created to preserve “the benefit of the Nation of lands and tenements of beauty or historic interest and, as regards lands, for the preservation of their natural aspect, features and animal and plant life……”

The Limits to Growth (1971):

A book with a purpose to explore how exponential

growth interacts with finite resources.

UN Conference on Human Environment (1972)

•A Declaration containing 26 principles concerning the environment and development.

•“……23. Each nation must establish its own standards 24. There must be cooperation on international issues 25. International organizations should help to improve the environment…..”


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenement_(law)

Previous Actions to Environmental Issues

Brundtland Report (1987)

•A report mandated ‘reexamine, create action plans, promote international corporation and rise level on understanding on environmental issues.

Earth Summit: UN Conference on Environment and Development (1992)

•..Alternative sources of energy to replace the use of fossil fuels which are linked to global climate change…..

Kyoto Protocol (1997)

•A protocol to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC or FCCC) that set binding obligations on the industrialized countries to reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases.

IPCC Assessment Reports (90, 95, 01, 07)

•"most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations."


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change

งำนคอนกรตทเปนมตรตอสภำพแวดลอม

การพฒนางานคอนกรตสเขยวนนไมควรจะเนนเฉพาะในสวนของวสด แตตองเปนการคดทงระบบเรมตงแตการเลอกวสด การออกแบบสดสวนผสมทด การผลตทด การน าคอนกรตเกามาหมนเวยนใชใหม และการกอสรางทด

เทคโนโลยส าหรบการท างานคอนกรตสเขยวหรอคอนกรตทเปนมตรสภาพแวดลอมบางอยางอาจจะมใชในประเทศมาเปนระยะเวลานาน บางอยางอาจจะยงไมไดน ามาใช แตมความเปนไปไดทจะน ามาใชงานในอนาคต


คอนกรต-ภำพลกษณกบควำมเปนจรง

ภาพลกษณ • คอนกรตเปนวสดทมองคประกอบหลกทมาจากทรพยากรธรรมชาตทใช

แลวหมดไป ท าใหภาพลกษณของคอนกรตเปนวสดทไมคอยจะเปนมตรตอสภาพแวดลอมมากนก แต......

ความเปนจรง • คอนกรตเปนวสดกอสรางทการใชงานในสดสวนทมากทสดเมอเทยบกบ

วสดกอสรางอนๆ และมแนวโนมเพมขนทกป • การใชคอนกรตในงานโครงสรางนบวนจะเปนสงทหลกเลยงไมได

เปนหนาทของพวกเราทจะชวยกนท าใหคอนกรตของเราหรอเลอกใชคอนกรตทมความเปนมตรตอสภาพแวดลอม


เทคโนโลยส ำหรบคอนกรตทเปนมตรตอสภำพแวดลอม

ผลกระทบสงแวดลอม

• สภาวะโลกรอน • การหมดไปของ

ทรพยากรธรรมชาต • มลพษสอากาศ น า และดน • ขยะ

สงทตองพจารณา

• การเลอกวสด • การออกแบบสดสวนผสม • กระบวนการผลต • การน าเศษวสดมา

หมนเวยนใชใหม • การท างานกอสราง


กำรเลอกวสด

เลอกปนซเมนตทไดรบการรบรองการผลตทเปนมตรตอสภาพแวดลอม

• ฉลากคารบอน คารบอนฟตปรน

การเลอกใชวสดทดแทนซเมนต เชน เถาลอย เถาแกลบ เถาตระกรนเตาถลงเหลก

• ลดการใชปนซเมนต • เพมความทนทานตอสภาพแวดลอม

การใชมวลรวมทไดจากการ Recycle


Life Cycle of Fly Ash

Use of Fly Ash in Concrete Production

Weight

Replacement Ratio

Emission Total Cement Fly Ash Cement Fly Ash

1000 0 0 888.0 - 888.0

900 100 10% 799.2 10.0 809.2

800 200 20% 710.4 20.0 730.4

700 300 30% 621.6 30.0 651.6

600 400 40% 532.8 40.0 572.8

500 500 50% 444.0 50.0 494.0

CO2 Reduction in Cement with Fly Ash


Fly Ash vs. CO2 Emission Reduction


กำรออกแบบสดสวนผสม

การออกแบบสดสวนผสมใหมมวลรวมคละขนาดทด ท าใหชองวางระหวางมวลรวมนอย เพอลดปรมาณเพสตลง

การใชสารเคมผสมเพมเพอชวยในการปรบลดปรมาณน า โดยไมกระทบตอคาความสามารถในการเทและก าลงของคอนกรต

การแทนทปนซเมนตดวยวสดทดแทนจ าพวกปอตโซลาน


Chemical Admixture vs Cement Content

Admixture Type CO2 Emission Raw Material

kg-CO2/Litre

Superplasticiser 0.0052 Polycarboxylate

Accelerator 0.0530 Calcium Nitrate

Water Reducing 0.0022 Lignin

Original mix design Water content 200 kg Cement content 352 kg w/c ratio 0.57

Use of Superplasticizer at 200cc/100 kg-cement to reduce the amount of water by 15% without reducing slump.

New water content 170.70 kg w/c ratio 0.57 New cement content 299.50 Kg

Total cement reduction 52.50 Kg CO2 Reduction 46.62 kg-CO2


กระบวนกำรผลต

การเลอกคอนกรตผสมเสรจ ควรเลอกใชคอนกรตทผลตจากหนวยการผลตทมเทคโนโลยทนสมย

• มการควบคมการผลตทดมประสทธภาพสง ลดผดพลาดจากกระบวนการผลต ลดปรมาณการทงคอนกรต ลดปรมาณขยะทเกดจากการทงคอนกรต และ วตถดบเหลอทง

• การยอยเศษคอนกรตเกา หรอ น ามวลรวมจากคอนกรตเหลอทงมาใชงานใหม

• การน าน าลางมาหมนเวยนใชใหม หรอมการบ าบดกอนปลอยทง

• มมาตรการเรองการจดการเสยงและฝ น

• การใชรถขนสงคอนกรตทมเทคโนโลยประหยดน ามน


Recycling Aggregate


Dust Control

Water Treatment and Recycle Concrete Crushing Machine


กำรใชวสดหมนเวยน เทคโนโลยการน าเศษคอนกรตเกามายอยเปนมวลรวมผสมคอนกรต เปนการสงเสรมการลดปรมาณขยะ และเปนการลดปรมาณการใชวสดใหม

การเพมสดสวนการใชวสดหมนเวยนตอวสดใหมไดรบการรบรองในมาตรฐานส าหรบอาคารสเขยว เชน LEEDS

อยางไรกตาม โดยมวลรวมทไดจากการยอยคอนกรตเกานมกจะมคณภาพทไมสม าเสมอขนกบคณภาพของคอนกรตตงตนทน ามายอยและประสทธภาพในการคดแยกสงแปลกปลอม



ชวงกำรกอสรำง

• คอนกรตทมความทนทานตอสภาพแวดลอมสง • คอนกรตทมความสามารถในการเทสง • คอนกรตทมสดสวนน าตอซเมนตทเหมาะสมตอการบมฉนวน • คอนกรตพรนเพอลดการไหลของน าฝน • การใชชนสวนโครงสรางหลอส าเรจ

การเลอกประเภทของคอนกรตใชถกตองเหมาะสมกบงาน เชน

การบรหารจดการขยะในหนวยงานกอสราง เชน การจดหาเครองยอยเศษคอนกรตในหนวยงาน ใชในงานถมท

การบ าบดน าเสย การปลกพชเปน Vegetated Buffer Zone

การบรหารจดการดานงานคอนกรตทด



Use of Porous Concrete Block

Vegetated Buffer


Dust Control


Standards Related to Concrete Sustainability

International and National Standards


Japan

• JSCE Environmental Performance Verification for Concrete Structures

FIB

•FIB-TG 3.6 Guideline for Environmental Design of Concrete Structures

•FIB-TG. 3.8 Guideline of Green Concrete Structures

ISO

• ISO/TC 71/SC 8 ISO/FDIs 13315-1:2011 (E) Environmental management for concrete and concrete structures Part 1: General principle

• ISO/TC 71/SC 8 ISO/CD 13315-2 Part 2: system boundary and inventory data

USA

•LEEDS for Green Building*

TCA

•Guideline for Calculation CO2 Emission in Concrete Production*

TCA Manual for Calculating CO2 emission from concrete production (2011)


Manual for calculating CO2 emission from concrete production (2011)

TCA recognizes the importance of concrete sustainability. TCA-TC4 is established in 2010.

Launch in 2011, the manual provides a simple and easy to use tool for engineers to calculate CO2 emission from the production process of concrete used in their construction site.

Employing similar approach to ISO 13315 using LCI and LCIA to

calculate CO2 from concrete production process.

The manual is applied for both local (on-site) and ready mixed concrete productions.


Scope of the Manual

Determine CO2 emission from the production process of concrete. Calculation extent to cover 3 main parts: Materials Manufacturing, Concrete Production Process, and Transportation. Production processes include: hand mixing, small (drum) mixer, and ready-mixing process. Transportation include ready mixed truck.

Impact Category: Global Warming

Impact Indicator: CO2 emission

Functional unit: kg of CO2 per 1m3 of concrete.

TCA Manual (2011) System Boundary : Concrete Production

System Boundary

Concrete Mixing Process

Concrete

Raw Materials

tran

Energies : Fuel, Electricity

tran

Construction Site or

Precast Factory

Cement content

Aggregate content

Admixtures

Supplementary materials

CO2

Transportation

Concrete Mix

Selection


TCA Manual (2011) Inventory data: Raw Materials

Materials Energy (J/m3) Unit CO2Emission (kg-CO2/unit)

Cement type I - ton 847

River sand (fine aggregate)

3.68 x 107 ton 3.92

Coarse-Granite - ton

45.9

Coarse-Basalt - ton

35.7


TCA Manual (2011) Inventory data: Production type

Mixers Type Energy (J/m3)

Electricity (kW/m3)

Unit CO2Emission (kg-CO2/unit)

0.1 m3 Type 1.68x107 - m3 2.68

0.2m3 Type 1.25x107 - m3 2.01

Ready-mixed Typea - 2.15 m3 1.23

aReference: Insee Concrete, co., ltd.


TCA Manual (2011) Inventory data: Transportation

Type

Capacity

Fuel Consumption

EF CO2Emission

unit kg-CO2/

litre

kg-CO2/

km

kg-CO2/

(km.unit)

Ready-mixed

Trucka 5 m3 2.7 km/l 0.54

km/

(l.m3) 2.58 0.96 0.19

Ready-mixed

Truckb 5 m3 2.9 km/l 0.58

km/

(l.m3) 2.58 0.89 0.18

18 Wheeler 47c tons 3.87 km/l 1.58 km/(l.t) 2.58 0.67 0.0142

Ready-mixed

Truck

(Idling mode)

5 m3 6 l/trip 1.20 l/(trip.m3) 2.58 15.48

kg-CO2/trip

3.10

kg-

CO2/trip.m3

aTravel within Bangkok and vicinity (Ref. CPAC, Thailand 2012) bTravel outside Bangkok and vicinity (Ref. CPAC, Thailand 2012) cAllowable truck load capacity


TCA Manual (2011) Inventory data: Energies

Energy Type Specific Heat or Energy per Litre Spec. CO2 Emission

Factor

btu/L Kcal/L kJ/L kWh/L kg-CO2/kWh kg-CO2/l

High speed

diesel

36722 9,277.45 38,743.7 10.76 0.24 2.58

Natural gas 35.32 8.92 37.26 0.0104 0.23 0.00238

Electricity - - - - 0.575 -


Case Study

Housing project

• Project Name: Perfect Place, Property Perfect Co., Ltd.

• Number of Houses: 1119 Units (Fig. 1)

• Area: 397000 sq.m

• Construction Systems:

• Cast-in-place concrete structure 384 units

• Prefabricated concrete structure 735 units (not included in this study)

Concrete

• Concrete strength: 24 MPa (28 days)

• Mix Proportions: 389:1024:775:200 kg. (C:CA:FA:W)


Project Plan


Case Study

Const.

System House Type

Number Quantity (m3)

Unit per house Total

Cast-in-place A 1 28.50 28.5

B 19 32.00 608

C 238 18.60 4426.8

D 1 16.60 16.6

E 30 15.50 465

F 7 32.00 224

G 84 20.60 1730.4

H 4 20.60 82.4

Sub Total 384 184.40 70809


Results: Concrete Production Materials Quantity EF Emission

kg/m3-

concrete kg-CO2/t (kg-CO2)

Cement 389 847 329.5

Coarse

Aggregate 1024 45.9 47.0

Fine Aggregate 775 3.92 3.0

Emission (t-CO2 per m3-concrete) 0.379

Total Quantity of concrete (m3) 70,809.6

Total Emission from Concrete

Production (t) 26,873.84

Total Quantity

of concrete

(m3)

Emission

Factor Mixing

(kg-CO2/m3)

Total Emission

from Concrete

Production (t)

70809.6 1.2 87.10

Total Quantity of Concrete

Number of trip

Distance (km)

Total Distance

EF for Ready mixed Truck

CO2 Emission (t)

70809.6 14161.92 12 169943.04 0.96 163.14 70809.6 14161.92 15,48 kg/trip 219.23

Total 382.37

Materials

Production Process

Transportation


Construction Process Cast-in-situ Type


System Boundary

TCA Manual (2011) System Boundary:

System Boundary

Brick Lay-up

Mixing and Plastering

Concrete tran

Casting, Placing, and Curing

CO2

System Boundary: Construction Process Cast-in-situ Type

Concrete Truck Unloading

Brick tran

Plastering Cement

tran

CO2



Construction Process Prefabrication Type

Prefabrication Factory


Construction Process Prefabrication Type


Installation Process

System Boundary

TCA Manual (2011) System Boundary:

System Boundary

Concrete tran

System Boundary: Construction Process Prefabricating Type

Formwork preparation, Rebar installation, Concrete placing and curing, Stocking

CO2

Steel rebar tran

Stocking and Installing

tran Precast Components

CO2




LEED ‘Green Building’ Rating System Materials and Resources Category


What is LEED?

The rating system initiated by the effort of the US. Green Building Councils (USGBC) in order to define and measure the ‘Green Building’.

The first LEED rating system came out in 1998 (LEED version 1.1). In this version (2006), the LEED system is expanded into 6 different areas of project development.


How many categories?

Five environmental categories:

• Sustainable Sites,

• Water Efficiency,

• Energy & Atmosphere,

• Materials & Resources, and

• Indoor Environmental Quality

Additional category:

• Innovation & Design Process (sustainable building expertise as well as design).


LEED Points

LEED is a performance-oriented system where credits are earned for satisfying criterion designed to address specific environmental impacts in the design, construction and operations and maintenance of buildings.

Different levels of green building certification are awarded based on the total credits earned.

The LEED for New Construction ratings are awarded according to the following scales[2]:

Certified

26-32 points

Silver

33-38 points

Gold

39-51 points

Platinum

52-69 points


LEED for New Construction and Major Renovation

LEED system used in this lecture is referred to LEED for new construction and major renovation version 2.2 for public use and display[1].

In the area of new construction and major renovation, the total of 69 points is divided among the 6 categories as shown in Table.

Categories Point

Sustainable Sites 14 points

Water Efficiency 5 Points

Energy & Atmosphere 17 Points

Materials & Resources 14 Points

Indoor Environmental Quality 15 Points

Innovation & Design Process 5 Points


Categories Point Materials & Resources 14 Points

Prereq 1 Storage & Collection of Recyclables Required

Credit 1.1 Building Reuse 1-3

Credit 1.2 Building Reuse-Interior Non-Structural Elements 1

Credit 2.1 Construction Waste Management 1-2

Credit 3.1 Materials Reuse, 5% 1-2

Credit 4.1 Recycled Content, 10% 1-2 Credit 5.1 Regional Materials - Extracted, Processed & Manufactured Regionally 1-2

Credit 6 Rapidly Renewable Materials 1

Credit 7 Certified Wood 1


MR Prerequisite 1: Storage & Collection of Recyclables

(Required)

Requirements

• Provide an easily accessible area that serves the entire building and is dedicated to the collection and storage of non-hazardous materials for recycling, including (at a minimum) paper, corrugated

cardboard, glass, plastics and

metals.

Intention

• The intent of MR prerequisite is to reduce waste generated by building occupants.

• To pass, the project must provide an area which is easy to access for occupants as storage for recyclable materials such as glass, plastic, office paper etc.


LEED Reference Guide Recycling Area Recommendations

Commercial Building area (ft2)

Min. Recycling area (ft2)

0-5000 82

5001-15000 125

15001-50000 175

50001-100000 225

100001-200000 275

>200001 500

Remarks : The minimum you have to do for the credit is to put a storage area on the plans, but if you want it to work in practice, collaborate with your local hauler.


MR Credit 1 Building Reuse[1]

Objective

• To extend the lifecycle of existing building stock, conserve resources, retain cultural resources, reduce waste and reduce environmental impacts of new buildings as they relate to materials manufacturing and transport.

Requirements

MR Credit 1.1

(1 to 3 points)

• Maintain the existing building structure (including structural floor and roof decking) and envelope (the exterior skin and framing, excluding window assemblies and non-structural roofing material).

• Building Reuse Points

• 55% - 1 P

• 75% - 2 P

• 95% - 3 P

Requirements

MR Credit 1.2

(1 point)

• Use existing interior non-structural elements (interior walls, doors, floor coverings and ceiling systems) in at least 50% (by area) of the completed building (including additions).


Remarks

• The project is only eligible for the credit if the floor area of the new construction is no more than two times the floor area of the retained existing structure.

• Ineligible projects can apply the reused building area toward MRc2 or MRc3 but not both.

• Renovation and restoration may be labor-intensive; make realistic plans in advance.

• The building may need a Phase I Environmental Assessment to identify potential hazards like asbestos.


Additional Remarks

• The project doesn't need to get MRc1.1 to go after MR 1.3.

• Fixed partitions and office furniture apply to MRc3: Materials Reuse and not to MRc.1.2 Building Reuse.

• Building elements removed because of hazardous materials don't count against you.


The Villa de Murph in Atlanta is perhaps the most homely and unlikely looking building to ever be converted into an architecture studio and residence by two ingenious designers. The result is both a stunningly attractive live/work space and an amazing portfolio piece to show potential clients what these architects can achieve with even the most unlikely of locations and structures. Property never comes cheap so when this couple saw this sad structure at $40,000 the price as about as right as it could be. Rather than tear it all down and start anew, however, the designers saw amazing adaptive reuse potential in a building that most people would have wrecked the moment they bought it.

MRc. 1.1 Reuse of structural components


http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/02/magazine/02Style-t.html?ex=1362027600&en=17e15d2b9151dfe0&ei=5124&partner=digg&exprod=digg

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/02/magazine/02Style-t.html?ex=1362027600&en=17e15d2b9151dfe0&ei=5124&partner=digg&exprod=digg

MRc.1.1 Reuse structural

components

MRc.1.2 Door and window frames reuse on the same position and

the same purpose

MRc.1.1 Reuse structural components


MR Credit 2: Construction Waste Management[1]

Objective

• To divert construction debris that will be disposed into landfills and incinerators, and redirect the recyclable or recoverable parts back to the remanufacturing process or other construction sites.

Requirements

MR Credit 2.1 (1 to 2 points)

• Recycle and/or salvage nonhazardous construction and demolition debris. Develop and implement a construction waste management plan that, at a minimum, identifies the materials to be diverted from disposal and whether the materials will be sorted on-site or comingled.


Remark

• It is not only about recycling!

• The credit focuses on diverting waste from landfills by finding multiple alternatives for end uses, such as

• Recycling (send back to manufacturing process)

• Reuse on site

• Donation for reuse on another site

• Resale

• There are two approaches

• Separating materials on-site

• Commingling them and sending to an off-site waste sorting facility.



MR Credit 3: Material Reuse[1]

Objective

• To reuse building materials and products to reduce demand for virgin materials and reduce waste, thereby lessening impacts associated with the extraction and processing of virgin resources.

Requirements

• Use salvaged, refurbished or reused materials, the sum of which constitutes at least 5% or 10%, based on cost, of the total value of materials on the project. The minimum percentage materials reused for each point threshold is as follows:

• Reused Materials Points

• 5% = 1 P

• 10% = 2 P




MR Credit 4: Recycled Content[1]

Intent

• To increase demand for building products that incorporate recycled content materials, thereby reducing impacts resulting from extraction and processing of virgin materials.

Requirements

• Use materials with recycled content such that the sum of postconsumer recycled content plus 1/2 of the preconsumer content constitutes at least 10% or 20%, based on cost, of the total value of the materials in the project. The minimum percentage materials recycled for each point threshold is as follows:

• Recycled Content Points

• 10% = 1

• 20% = 2



Remarks for MRc 4

• Recycled refers to anything that contains recycled materials as a result of the manufacturing process—carpet that contains recycled material.

• Products that often have recycled content include steel, drywall, insulation, ceiling tiles, concrete, VCT, commercial carpet, and composite substrates.

• Pre-consumer (Post-Industry) refers to material diverted from the waste stream during a manufacturing process. Excluded from this category is reutilization of materials such as scrap that are generated in a process and capable of being reclaimed within the same process.

• Post-consumer refers to wastes generated by end users (households or commercial, industrial and institutional facilities) of a product no longer able to be used for its intended purpose that is recycled into raw material for a new product


GlasBac® set the industry standard more than 30 years ago and is still unsurpassed in durability, dimensional stability and flexibility. It also offers an average of 40% pre-consumer/post-industrial recycled content.

Building of the Masdar Institute in UAE, specifications called for rebar composed of 95% recycled steel.


MR Credit 5: Regional Materials[1]

Objective

• To increase demand for building materials and products that are extracted and manufactured within the region, thereby supporting the use of indigenous resources and reducing the environmental impacts resulting from transportation.

Requirements

• Use building materials or products that have been extracted, harvested or recovered, as well as manufactured, within 500 miles of the project site for a minimum of 10% or 20%, based on cost, of the total materials value. If only a fraction of a product or material is extracted, harvested, or recovered and manufactured locally, then only that percentage (by weight) can contribute to the regional value.

• Regional Materials Points

• 10% = 1

• 20% = 2


Calculation Distance

• Option 1: The old familiar option, uses a simple 500-mile radius from the site for both extraction and manufacturing distance.

• Option 2: This new option allows you to do a prorated calculation based on the lower relative impact of shipping materials by rail or water. Calculate a 500 mile (800 km) total travel distance to the project site using a weighted average. Distance by rail can be divided by 3; distance by inland waterway by 2, and distance by sea by 15.


MR Credit 6: Rapidly Renewable Materials[1]

Objective

• To reduce the use and depletion of finite raw materials and long-cycle renewable materials by replacing them with rapidly renewable materials.

Requirements

• Use rapidly renewable building materials and products for 2.5% of the total value of all building materials and products used in the project, based on cost.

• Rapidly renewable building materials and products are made from plants that are typically harvested within a 10-year or shorter cycle.


Remarks

• Focusing on a few more expensive items with rapidly renewable content can be an easy way to make sure that you meet the budget threshold while minimizing the number of products you will need to track and document.

• Rapidly renewable materials can be an effective advertisement of your project’s commitment to “green”.


Product Typical Application Pros. Cons. Agrifibers (byproducts of food crops, such as straw)

Finish millwork or core millwork that is finished with other materials. (Millwork ไมอดผวเรยบ)

As a finish material, can show a variety of interesting natural patterns and textures. As a core material does not effect aesthetics.

Not all binders are urea formaldehyde free.

Bamboo Finish flooring, millwork and veneers.

Easy to install. Can be found as FSC-certified.

Can bend, shrink and crack if not acclimated properly to different climates. Only some products use urea formaldehyde-free binders.

Cork Finish flooring or carpet underlayment

Many color options, excellent for acoustics, naturally antimicrobial, resilient to denting, easy to install.

If untreated, it can swell when exposed to water and fade when exposed to the sun.

Corn Polyactic acid (PLA), a plastic substitute, used sometimes as carpet fiber

Substitutes for an intensive use of petroleum feedstocks.

Energy-intensive to produce, not as durable as conventional materials.

Cotton Batt insulation Sound-absorptive, easy to install. Usually recycled from garment manufacturing.

Usually more expensive than conventional fiber glass batt.

Natural Rubber Flooring Great acoutics. Variety of colors and can be cut into unusual shapes. Durable. Easy to install.

More expensive than synthetic rubber.

Soy Spray-foam insulation. Durable and high performance. More expensive.

Wool Carpeting Sound absorptive and soft. More expensive

Wool flooring and Carpet Soy spray insulation

Bamboo floor and matt

Natural rubber floor

Cork floor

Corn carpet

Cotton batt


MR Credit 7: Certified Wood

Intent

• To encourage environmentally responsible forest management.

Requirements

• Use a minimum of 50% (based on cost) of wood-based materials and products that are certified in accordance with the Forest Stewardship Council’s principles and criteria, for wood building components.

• These components include at a minimum, structural framing and general dimensional framing, flooring, sub-flooring, wood doors and finishes.

• Include only materials permanently installed in the project.


Remarks for MRc 7

• Certified Wood: wood from a source that has been determined, through a certification process, to meet stated ecological and other criteria.

• Using the Forest Stewardship Council's standards, the wood can be tracked through its chain-of-custody.

• Focusing on a few expensive items to achieve he credit limits what you need to track, reducing contractor headaches.


Thank you for your attention!


Technology

Green Concrete (Piti Sukontasukkul) (Thai and English)