GRAMMAR BOOKYayoLiu

Honors Spanish II

1st Semester

Que vs Cual

Ser

Gustar

Estar

Transitional verbs

Imperfect

Triggers

Acabar de infinitive

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Hace + time + que +

present tense

Verbs like gustar

QUE VS CUAL

Used when

asking for definition

Precedes ser in

conjugations

Translated to “What is…?”

To be

Yo Soy

Tu Eres

El/Ella Es

Nos. Somos

Vos. Sios

Ellos/Ellas Son

SER

Examples:• Estudioso• Trabajador• Tonto• Sabio• Serio• Loco• Impaciente• Joven

DOCTOR PEDescriptions

rigin

haracteristic

atesvents

ossessions

elationships

ccupatrions

ime

Means to like

Conjugations• Me gusta• Te gusta• Le gusta• Nos gusta• Os gusta• Les gusta

GUSTAR

Add “a” for emphasis• A mi gusta• A ti gusta• A el/ella gusta• A nosotros gusta• A ellos/ellas gusta• A “name” gusta

ESTAR

Origins

Name

Professions

permanent

Temporary

Conditions

Feelings

Locations

ESTAR VS. SER

Ser Estar

TRANSITIONAL VERBS

Help make Spanish dialogue flow

Examples:• Para • Por• sin embargo• Generalmente

IMPERFECT

Imperfect actions in the past

Regular: Hablar Comer escribir

Yo Hablaba Comia Escribia

Tu Hablabas Comias Escribias

El/ella/ud. Hablaba Comia Escribia

Nosotros Hablabamos

Comiamos Escribiamos

Ellos/Ellas/Ud.

hablaban Comian Escribian

IMPERFECT

Irregular: ir ser Ver

Yo Iba Era Veia

Tu Ibas Eras Veias

El/ella/ud Iba Era Veia

Nos Ibamos eramos Veiamos

Ellos/ellas/uds

iban Eran veian

TRIGGERS

Trigger an imperfect• Todos los dias• A veces• Siempre• Cada dia• Los lunes• Generalmente

ACABAR DE INFINITIVE

To have just finished

Yo acabo de

Tu acabas de

El/ella/ud acaba de

Nos acabamos de

Ellos/ellas/uds acaban de

HACE + T IME + QUE + PRESENT TENSE

Used to talk about how much time you have spent

doing something

Ex:• Hace un dia que hablar en espanol.

FORMULAS

Hace + time + que + conjugated verb• How much time you have been doing something

Hay + que + infinitive• Talk about what needs to be done

Se prohibe + infinitive• Tells what is restricted

Ir + a + infinitive• Tells where someone is going

VERBS LIKE GUSTAR

Gustar: to like

Encantar: to love

Faltar: to lack

Fascinar: to be fascinating to

Importar: to be important to

Doler: to hurt

Molestar: to bother

REFLEXSIVES

Reflect one self

Example: Sentirse• Me siento• Te siente• Nos Sentimos• Se sienten

TU COMMANDS

Affirmative: • Simply drop the “s”

Negative: • Er/ir to a• Ar to e• For isnatance Don’t Eat is No lo comas

Di

Haz

Ve

Pon

Sal

Se

Ten

Ven

No digas

No hagas

No vegas

No pongas

No salgas

No seas

No tengas

No vengas

TU COMMANDS (IRREGULARS)

Negatives

PRETERITE

used for past actions that are seen as completed

To conjugate regular -ar verbs in the preterite• é, aste, ó, amos, aron

To conjugate regular -er and -ir verbs in the

preterite• í, iste, ió, imos, ieron