GLOBE Metadata Analysis

On the use of Learning Object Metadata

the GLOBE experience

Xavier Ochoa, ESPOLJoris Klerkx, KULeuvenBram Vandeputte, KULeuvenErik Duval, KULeuven

http://www.slideshare.net/xaoch

http://www.slideshare.net/xaoch

LOM is known and widely used

But its real use is not known

How much space 1000 LOM instances will take?

What are the most used elements of LOM?

Is it really a “standard”?

Has it been extended as designed?

Is it better than Dublin Core for Educational Resources?

What is the information stored in real instances?

We need: Large-Scale, Real-World, Heterogeneous

We select: GLOBE

GLOBE

http://www.globe-info.org/

Large-Scale: 630.000+ instances

Real-World: being used and created

Heterogeneous: 7 networks of LORs4 continents

Results

The interesting stuff

Size

Size

≈ 5 Kb

LOM Elements Use

What parts of LOM are used anyway?

TitleIdentifierLanguage

DescriptionKeyword

LearningObjectKindStructure

AggregationLevelCoverage

Contribute.RoleContribute.Entity

Contribute.DateStatus

VersionIdentifier


Contribute.DateLanguage

MetadataSchemaLocation

FormatRequirement

SizeDuration

Requirement.OrCompositeLearningResourceType

TypicalAgeRangeIntendedEndUser

ContextInteractivityTypeInteractivityLevel

LanguageDifficulty

CopyrightCost

DescriptionKind

Resource.IdentifierResource.Description

TaxonPathPurpose

Taxon

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

TitleIdentifierLanguage

DescriptionKeyword

LearningObjectKindStructure

AggregationLevelCoverage


Contribute.DateStatus

VersionIdentifier


Contribute.DateLanguage

MetadataSchemaLocation

FormatRequirement

SizeDuration

Requirement.OrCompositeLearningResourceType

TypicalAgeRangeIntendedEndUser

ContextInteractivityTypeInteractivityLevel

LanguageDifficulty

CopyrightCost

DescriptionKind

Resource.IdentifierResource.Description

TaxonPathPurpose

Taxon

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

G.TitleG.IdentifierG.LanguageG.DescriptionG.KeywordL.ContributionRoleL.ContirubtionEntityM.IdentifierM.ContributorRoleM.ContributorEntityM.ContributorDateT.LocationT.FormatE.LearningResourceTypeR.CopyrightR.CostR.DescriptionC.TaxonPathC.PurposeC.Taxon


CreatorIdentifierTitleDateTypeSubjectDescription

LOM

DC


CreatorIdentifierTitleDateTypeSubjectDescription

LOM

DC

LOM uses 20 out of 50 elements

But captures more information than DC

Educational Section

4 out of 11 Educational elements

Community dependent

LOM Vocabulary Usage

What is stored on LOM?

Educational.Context

Right.Cost

Rights.Copyrights

If you too want to play...

http://is.gd/globemetadata

LOM Extensions

What LOM forgot…

Only 3 additions:

• General – Learning Object Kind (MACE) – 30.000 Instances

• Technical – Geolocation (MACE)– 7.000 Instances

• General – Subtitle (KERIS)– 5.000 Instances

There is little need of extension

Nobody wants more electronic fields!

LOM XMLValidation Analysis

Is it an interoperability standard?

LOM validation

Most common errors (loose)

LOM XML loose is widely implemented

LOM XML strict is not

Good structural interoperability

Although the value space is not clear

vCard causes 68% errors

LOM developers hate vCard

LOM Metadata Quality Analysis

Those pesky indexers…

Diversity of Vocabulary usage



Quality of Textual Descriptions




There must be a QA process

That is true for bothautomatic and manual metadata

Conclusion of the Conclusions

This kind of studies should be made an integral part of the

development of LOM(or any other metadata standard)

(or any other Learning technology)

Want the data?Want the code?

https://sites.google.com/site/globemetadata/

Gracias / Thank you / Grazie

Xavier [email protected]://ariadne.cti.espol.edu.ec/xavierTwitter: @xaoch

Technology

GLOBE Metadata Analysis