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This was an ATIA 2013 presentation about the collaboration between the Mada Center in Qatar and the University of Southampton (UK) in their development of the open source ATbar and linked technologies. www.atbar.org
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David Banes and E.A Draffan
Global Inclusive Design for All, Beyond
Accessible Design – ATBar
Global Inclusive Design for All?
Beyond Accessible Design
http://www.ginacarson.com/gc/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/UD-Testing-Cartoon.jpg
The Journey
http://www-edc.eng.cam.ac.uk/betterdesign/process/
The Need• Qatar – Mada Center for Assistive
Technologies - 83% Arabic speakers - 7,643 disabled (2010)
• Wider community
Qatar
(wikipedia)Chinese English Hindi Spanish Arabic0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
million speakers
Discover
Overall Visually Disabled Hearing Disabled Physically Disabled
Learning Disabled
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
22
81
48 8
19
4
78
6
14
32
10
18
70
32
5 2 4 5 6
Unaided Awareness in Qatar : Assistive Equipments/Aids
Visual AidHearing AidAid for physical disabilityAid for Learning disability
Those with learning difficulties appeared to be those who were most unaware of how AT could help.
Base: 211 52 49 87 119
% figures
Discover
Mobile phone
Television
Fixed line phone
Internet (on Laptop/ Computer)
Radio
Laptop
Desktop Computer
Internet (on Mobile phone)
Digital music player / iPod
Tablet PC (iPad/Galaxy Tab)
Ebook reader
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
100
99
96
86
86
79
74
48
39
30
6
75
89
59
64
43
57
49
26
27
23
4
Use of ICT products in the household in Qatar
Ever Used by disabled person Present in household
Base: 211 % figures
Ecosystem – addressing needs
Base: 211 % figures
AssessmentTrainingSupportProvisionPolicyAccessible contentAwarenessPartnershipResearchNetworks
Translate
Starting on the path to more complex assistive technology and to provide ideas for innovation
Requirements• Free Arabic voice for text to speech and screen reading • Spell checking and word prediction corpus expansion• Accessible Arabic digital content needs to be increased
in amount available and quality.• Optical Character Recognition work to be done• Speech Recognition improvements• AAC symbol systems to fit the culture and the language• Community Support for translation• Dissemination of information and resources that come
out of research
Create
http://thamesvalley.edublogs.org/files/2012/09/student-ideas-photo-1srziz7-1olfmyh.jpg
MADA has built many links with companies and
organisations such as universities –
students have ideas
Concepts
Culture
Demographics
Environment
Ability/Skills
Language
Activity
Ability and SkillsCompetency in ICT often learnt out of school – impacts on use in education (Thorne, 2003a) - multiplicity of devices using digital multimedia
Internet-mediated communication
Lack clear visual cues
Reduced social context
Misinterpretation
Demographics“People don’t come preassembled but are glued together by life” (Le Doux, J. 2002)• Everyday experiences change the way we
interact – level of digital literacy expertise
• Specific to the community• Need skills to negotiate the pitfalls
LanguageInternet-mediated global English – Netspeak (Crystal, D. 2001)• Informal and friendly may suit individualistic cultures
but “prove disturbing for unprepared members of a collectivist culture” (O’Dowd, 2001) o salutations, o assertive rather than questioning, o aggressive but apologetic. (Marcoccia, 2012) but…
• “anonymity can play a positive role in intercultural communication.” (Marcoccia, 2012) those who hesitate in F2F may communicate more when online.
CultureCulture is “essentially elusive, abstract and invisible” (Furstenberg et al., 2001)• Low-context (text and speech) v. High-context cultures
(visual cues and silence) e.g. North European v. Far Eastern and Arab (Würtz, 2005).
• Just because you are connected it does not mean you necessarily communicate enough to learn about a culture (Marcoccia, 2012) however…
• Cyberspace shares its own cultural practices within a virtual community – use English and follow the rules of netiquette? (Ersoz, 2009) but may mean you reduce cultural understanding.
High Context Cultures
Japan Arab Countries
Greece Spain Italy
England France
North America Scandinavian Countries
German-speaking Countries
Low Context Cultures Source: Hall, E. and M. Hall (1990) Understanding Cultural Differences
Use of diverse coiour
and imagery
More text consistent
colour and
layout
Develop• Open Source – Free but must be licensed
appropriately• Main developer and small contributions from
others • Make it possible to add small amounts of code
to help a project e.g. ATbar plugins• Need to have agreement about the code that
will be accepted• Open, online communication
Access Tools pendrivePortable Apps distributed on USB flash drives • On-Screen Keyboard Portable• DSpeech Text-to-Speach• NVDA Screenreader • PowerTalk PowerPoint speech• VirtualMagnifyingGlass• WebbIE USB Version Available from https://access.ecs.soton.ac.uk/projects/access-tools/download
Desktop ATbar for Windows• Text to Speech and Screen Reading • Coloured Overlay and Ruler• Onscreen Keyboard• Magnification
Available from https://ar.atbar.org/desktop-atbar/
Documentation
www.arbar.org
Distribute
Mada
Education
Qatar Foundation
NGO’s
Ministries
Gulf AT Network
Solutions• Collaborative working• Good code - it is open source!• Problems shared – bug tracking, issues raised,
comments made, new ideas.• Social media – wikis for documentation,
tweets and blogs for news• Multiple means of representation, expression
and engagement to accommodate individual differences.
References• Furstenberg et al., (2001). Giving a virtual voice to the silent language of culture:
The CULTURA project http://llt.msu.edu/vol5num1/furstenberg • LeDoux, J. (2002). Synaptic self: How our brains become who we are. New York:
Penguin.• Thorne, S.L., (2003a). Artefacts and cultures-of-use in intercultural communication
http://llt.msu.edu/vol7num2/thorne • Crystal, D. (2001) Language and the Internet (Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press)• O’Dowd, R. (2001) In search of a truly global network: hhtp://callej.org/journal/3-
1/o_dowd.html• Marcoccia, M. (2012) The internet, intercultural communication and cultural
variation. Language and Intercultural Communication, 12:4, 353-36 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14708477.2012.722101
• Ersoz, S. (2009) Cultures in Cyberspace: Interpersonal communication in a computer-mediated environment http://maltepe.academia.edu/SelvaEesoz/Papers/563123/Cultures_in_cyberspace_interpersonal_communication_in_a_computer-mediated_Envrionment
• Würtz, E. (2005). A cross-cultural analysis of websites from high-context cultures and low-context cultures. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 11(1), article 13.http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol11/issue1/wuertz.html
Thank YouDavid BanesMada Centerhttp://mada.org.qa/en/
ECS Accessibility Team http://access.ecs.soton.ac.uk