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12. Sächsisches GIS-Forum Dresden: 18./19.05.2012 GI2012-OpenDataPolicies-FORUM
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Open Geospatial Consortium: Open Standards and Participatory Process
GI2012-X-Border-OpenDataPolicies-ForumDresden, GERMANY, 18./19. May 2012
Athina TrakasOpen Geospatial Consortium
Director European Services
http://www.opengeospatial.org
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
Agenda
A few words about OGC
OGC Programs and Processes
Development of an OGC Standard
Communities and Participation
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
Before we start...
Q: What is the OGC's position on "Open Data"? - http://www.opengeospatial.org/ogc/faq#11
The OGC embraces open data as well as other models for data distribution and access. The OGC standards framework must support a broad range of policy positions on the access to and distribution of geospatial data, and we are supportive of all models for open access, licensed data, secure distribution, etc. Policies on access and distribution of geospatial and other forms of data are constantly in flux. Data sets restricted for distribution by security and/or pricing / licensing, may be opened up for free access at another time. Changing market forces and organizational policies determine the rules for data access and distribution. Open standards, including those of the OGC, support the full range of business models, and a common open standards framework is vital to the overall geospatial data marketplace.
A few words about OGC
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
Standards and Interoperability
Availability of geo data is crucial for the administration, businesses and citizens alike.
But how to share data? Key factor for accessibility is standardisation. It is the
definition of common interfaces to enable interoperability.
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
Interoperability Issues
● „We can't share maps on the Web.“
● „We can't deliver data to different systems easily.“
● „We don't have a common language to speak about our geospatial data or our services.“
● „We can't find and pull together data from our automated sensors.“
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
So what does OGC do?
The Vision
Achieve the full societal, economic and scientific benefits of integrating location resources into
commercial, institutional and organisational processes worldwide.
The Mission
To serve as a global forum for and lead the development, promotion and harmonization of
open and freely available geospatial standards.
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
What is the OGC?
→ more videos on OGC's Youtube Channel: http://www.youtube.com/user/ogcvideo/videos
http://www.youtube.com/ogcvideo
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
OGC at a glance
• Founded in 1994, not for profit, consensus based and voluntary
• Over 445+ member organisations (industry, government, academia) (May 2012) http://www.opengeospatial.org/ogc/members
• 21 staff members
• 25+ adopted OGC Standards (some are ISO Standards) http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards
• Several hundred software products, implementing OGC Standards http://www.opengeospatial.org/resource/products
• Broad user community worldwide, many policy positions for NSDI based on OGC standards
• Cooperation with other standards organisations and foundations, ISO/TC 211, OSGeo, W3C, OASIS and others http://www.opengeospatial.org/ogc/alliancepartners
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
OGC at a glance
Africa (5)
Asia Pacific (63)
Europe (207)
Middle East (8)
North America (165)
South America (1)
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
Central and East European OGC Membershttp://www.opengeospatial.org/ogc/members/report/?sortby=%27country%27
Austria (8)• AIT Austrian Institute of Technology • City of Vienna• EOX IT Services GmbH• Frequentis AG• Salzburg University• Technical University of Vienna, Institut
Geoinformation• United Nations Geographic Information
Working Group (GIWG)• Wikitude GmbH
Bulgaria (1)• URSIT Ltd.
Croatia (1)• Državna geodetska uprava (State
Geodetic Admin, Croatia)
Germany (→ 51 members)
Czech Republic (2)• HELP SERVICE - REMOTE SENSING spol
s.r.o.• Masaryk University
Greece (2)• Ktimatologio SA• Nat'l & Kapodistrian University Athens
Hungary (1)• Károly Róbert Föiskola
Poland (1)• Polish Association for Spatial Information
(PASI)
Romania (1)• National Meteorological Administration
Serbia (1)• University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical
Sciences
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
Cross-Boundary Information Sharing
Continues to be one of our biggest challenges!
The ability to access, fuse and apply diverse data sources is critical to situational awareness
Source:http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:Blaues_Wunder_Hochwasser_2002.JPG
Source:http://www.ign-sn.de/GI2012/GI2012-OpenDataPolicies-FINAL-Programme-WEB.pdf
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
Improving Knowledge Sharing and Transfer
We are addressing critical issues, that need cooperation:
● Growth in urban centers and coastal areas
● Climate Change, Environmental Monitoring
● Water Resource availability and quality
● Emergency planning,preparedness & response
● Aviation Safety...and many more
http://www.ogcnetwork.net/pub/ogcnetwork/GEOSS/AIP3/index.html
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
Standards Development is not easy!
→ Requires understanding of differences
→ Requires cooperation on a global basis
→ Requires consensus by many organizations
→ Requires give and take
→ Requires certified, repeatable process
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
… and does not exist in isolation Alliance Partners: Critical Resource for Advancing Standards
… and others http://www.opengeospatial.org/ogc/alliancepartners
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
What is an OGC Standard?
• A document, established by consensus, approved by the OGC membership (balance of interest, all members have an equal vote)
• Provides, rules, guidelines or characteristics
• Implementable in software
• Open standards does not mean open source software (Free Software). OGC/OSGeo Paper on Open Source Software and Open Standards: http://wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Open_Source_and_Open_Standards
• OGC standards are Open Standards– Freely and publicly available– No license fees– Vendor neutral
„People want the government to be transparent, so why shouldn't the technology be?”
Jim Willis, Director of e-Government at theRhode Island Secretary of State
Office
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
Why Open Standards?
● Prevents a single, self-interested party from controlling a standard
• Lower systems and life cycle costs
• Encourage market competition
– Choose based on functionality desired
– Avoid “lock in” to a proprietary architecture
• Stimulates innovation beyond the standard by companies that seek to differentiate themselves.
Source: Open Standards, Open Source, and Open Innovation: Harnessing the Benefits of Openness, April 2006. Committee For Economic Development. www.ced.org
„What OGC brings to the table is…everyone has confidence we won’t take advantage of the format or change it in a way that will harm anyone”
Michael Weiss-Malik, Google KML product
manager
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
Standards are like parachutes: they work best when they're open. Mary Mc Rae, OASIS*
* “Minds, like parachutes, function better when open, but, like fists, they strike harder when closed.” — L.E. Modesitt, Jr., American Author (1943 -- )
How does OGC work?Programs and Processes
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
How does OGC work?http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects
• Consensus process – that is reflecting a common understanding of requirements and a membership driven process.
• Formalised standards development process – based on commonly agreed, structured and well defined policies and processes (→ Standards Program http://www.opengeospatial.org/ogc/programs/spec).
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
How does OGC work?http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects
• Consensus process – that is reflecting a common understanding of requirements and a membership driven process.
• Formalised standards development process – based on commonly agreed, structured and well defined policies and processes (→ Standards Program http://www.opengeospatial.org/ogc/programs/spec).
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
How does OGC work?http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects
• Consensus process – that is reflecting a common understanding of requirements and a membership driven process.
• Formalised standards development process – based on commonly agreed, structured and well defined policies and processes (→ Standards Program http://www.opengeospatial.org/ogc/programs/spec).
StandardsSetting
OGC Standards Program
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
OGC Activities Driven by Community Needs
Health
Education & Research Sustainable Development
EnergyConsumer Services, Real Time Information
Geosciences:land, sea, air information
Emergency Services, Disaster Management
E -Government
Defence
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
… lead to Domain Working Groupshttp://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/groups/wg
...provide a forum for
discussion of key inter-
operability requirements
and issues (...)
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
… and Standards Working Groupshttp://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/groups/swg
... work on candidate
OGC standards
prior to approval,
make revisions to
existing OGC standard.
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
How is a standard developed?
→ Submitted by a TC Voting Member with a minimum of two other OGC Member organizations supporting the submission.
→ An email to TC Chair (Carl Reed) stating the intent to submit.
→ The document package (cover letter, document in OGC document template format etc) are sent to Carl Reed and posted to pending documents.
→ At this point, the process may vary depending on which path through the approval process the submission team wishes to use.
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
Major OGC Standardshttp://www.opengeospatial.org/standards
Some examples• Web Map Servers (WMS)• Web Feature Servers (WFS)• Web Coverage Servers (WCS)
As well as the:• KML (formerly Keyhole Markup Language)• Web Map Context (WMC)• Geography Markup Language (GML)
OGC
Web MapServer
Web CoverageServer
Web FeatureServer
With OGC web services, a user can dynamically access that data, directly from the authoritative data source, using a variety of tools.
Just as http:// is the dial tone of the World Wide Web, and html / xml are the standard encodings, the geospatial web is enabled by OGC standards:
OGC's Interoperability Program
30
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
How does OGC work?http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects
• Consensus process – that is reflecting a common understanding of requirements and a membership driven process.
• Formalised standards development process – based on commonly agreed, structured and well defined policies and processes (→ Standards Program http://www.opengeospatial.org/ogc/programs/spec).
• Making use of innovative processes – for testing, verifying and documenting user requirements (→ Interoperability Program
http://www.opengeospatial.org/ogc/programs/ip).
StandardsSetting
Rapid Interface Development
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
The OGC and its Interoperability Program
→ more videos on OGC's YouTube Channel: http://www.youtube.com/user/ogcvideo/videos
http://www.youtube.com/user/ogcvideo/videos→ OGC Interoperability Program Introduction
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
IP - Emphasis on Testing and Validation
Testbeds, Pilots and ExperimentsParticipants work with sponsors to define and/or refine
standards to solve a given interoperability problem.
– Joint actions by technology providers and users
– Driven by user community scenarios– Produce:
→ Tested and validated draft standards→ Industry technology implementations→ Architectural recommendations→ Live demonstrations to validate utility of standards in user context
Over 50 initiatives have been
successfully completed since 1999.
Most OGC standards are advanced through
this process.
OGC staff manages the entire process with policies and procedures proven to produce results.
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
Understanding OGC standards – the ORM* OGC Reference Model www.opengeospatial.org/standards/orm
• What is the purpose of the ORM?– Overview of OGC Standards Baseline– Insight into the current state of the work of the OGC– Basis for coordination and understanding of the OGC documents– Resource for defining architectures for specific applications
• In Spanish– http://external.opengeospatial.org/twiki_public/ILAFpublic/QueEsOpenGeospatial
* Do not confuse with the ORM in Walter Moers “The City of Dreaming Books”.
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
Development of an OGC Standard
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
How is an OGC standard developed?http://www.opengeospatial.org/ogc/process
→ Issue / problem
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
How is an OGC standard developed?http://www.opengeospatial.org/ogc/process
→ Issue / problem
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
How is an OGC standard developed?http://www.opengeospatial.org/ogc/process
→ Issue / problem
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
How is an OGC standard developed?http://www.opengeospatial.org/ogc/process
→ Issue / problem
→ Tell the relevant working group
→ Send email to the TC-mailing list
→ Talk to OGC members and/or staff
Communicate!
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
How is an OGC standard developed?http://www.opengeospatial.org/ogc/process
Positive Feedback / Interest
Start a Domain Working Group (DWG):
● Special pre-requirements needed (a certain number of OGC member, email to the Technical Committee etc.)
● Results: charter, mailing list, Wiki, timeframe (e.g. for teleconferences, meetings, expected results etc.)
Initiate an Interoperability Program initiative:
● Special pre-requirements needed
● Results: e.g. an Engineering Report
● With enough interest / support by OGC members, development of an working group
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
How is an OGC standard developed?http://www.opengeospatial.org/ogc/process
Results achieved in the DWG/SWG may be: ● A Discussion Paper or a Candidate Standard document is being developed● It will be reviewed by the OGC Architecture Board (OAB) and the Technical Committee (TC).
→ Once an OGC document is published (by vote of the SWG), everyone who is interested can comment on it within a given period of time (usually 30d ays):● Requests to the document need to be answered by the relevant SWG● Changes and comments need to be included (SWG works the comments)● SWG votes to release to the TC for an adoption vote, vote happens
→ New approved standard published
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
Role of the OGC and OGC staffhttp://www.opengeospatial.org/ogc/process
● Community forum
● Comprehensive communications infrastructure
● An agreed upon consensus process for defining, testing, documenting and approving standards
● Support the process formally, has the overview of the “standards- family” and relevant activities in other organisations (alliance partners)
● Staff knowledge, expertise and support to work with the members to facilitate the consensus process that leads to approved and adopted standards
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
And what more?http://www.opengeospatial.org/ogc/process
Everyone can always bring in a Change Requestion to and existing standards.
http://portal.opengeospatial.org/public_ogc/change_request.php
OGC Members meet 4x a year during the OGC Technical Committee meetings.http://www.opengeospatial.org/event
Save the Date!
Next European OGC TC Meeting18. - 22. June 2012 in Exeter, UK
hosted by the UK MetOfficehttp://www.opengeospatial.org/event/1206tc
http://www.opengeospatial.org/event/1206tcagenda
Communities & Participation
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
Communities using OGC standards examples (1)
• Public Administrationhttp://www.opengeospatial.org/ogc/join/levels#associate
– Shibboleth Interoperability Experiment
– Is built on ESDIN best practice– www.opengeospatial.org/projects/initiatives/shibbolethie
• Emergency & Disaster Management
• Hydrology– Two current Interoperability Experiments– http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/initiatives/gwie
– http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/initiatives/swie
• Aviation Community
General example: GeoPortal.RLP – http:://www.geoportal.rlp.de
General example: Tasmanian Hydrological
Sensor Web Project (source: CSIRO - http://www.csiro.au)
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
Communities using OGC standards examples (2)
• Meteorology and Oceans Science– Workshops on the use of OGC standards in
Meteorologyhttp://www.metoffice.gov.uk/conference/gis_ogc_3/
– Activities around cross-domain modelling:harmonised data model for meteorology
– Activities around INSPIRE in Thematic Working Groupshttp://external.opengeospatial.org/twiki_public/bin/view/MetOceanDWG/WebHome
• Geoscience– OneGeology / OneGeology Europe
– GeoSciML
• Defense and IntelligenceGeneral example: OneGeology
http://www.onegeology.org
General example: GALEON IE: Geo-interface to Atmosphere, Land, Earth, Ocean, NetCDF
http://www.ogcnetwork.net/galeon
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
Avenues for Public Input
• General Requests (for Information, for Comment, for Participation) http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/requests
• OGC Networkhttp://www.ogcnetwork.net/
• Change Requests and New Requirements http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/cr http://portal.opengeospatial.org/public_ogc/change_request.php
• Fast track processhttp://www.opengeospatial.org/pressroom/newsletters/201006/#C3
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
Avenues for Public Input (2)
• Public Domain Working Groups– Aviation DWG
http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/groups/aviationdwg
– Hydrology DWG http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/groups/hydrologydwg
– Meteorology and Oceans DWG http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/groups/meteodwg
• Business Value Committeehttp://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/groups/businessvaluehttps://lists.opengeospatial.org/mailman/listinfo/business.value
– Understand and articulate the advantages of developing and using OGC standards
– Enable the wider community of stakeholders to leverage business value as a tool to foster investment and implementation
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
→ Contribute, cooperate – and avoid „consuming attitude“
→ Don't re-invent the wheel: benefit from other's experiences – share your own!
„The conventional view serves to protect us from the painful job
of thinking“ (John Kenneth Galbraith, economist)
Closing thoughts...
Copyright © 2011, Open Geospatial Consortium Making location count...OGC ®
Thank you! Any Questions?
Athina TrakasDirector European Service
OpenGeospatial Consortium, Inc.
Heerstr. 16253111 Bonn
Tel.: +49 – 228 – 54 88 99 42Mobil: +49 – 173 – 211 2623
eMail: [email protected] web: http://www.opengeospatial.org
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
“Interoperability seems to be about the integration of information. What it’s really about is the coordination of organizational behavior.”
David SchellChairman and FounderOGC
Some last thoughts...
© 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
new membership option for local and state/provincial government agencies
worldwide and for a very small fee (200US$/500US$)(new membership structure for different regions in the world coming soon)
reflects OGC's increased emphasis on knowledge transfer
→ learn about new developments in geospatial technology
→ benefit from those developments
→ understand and address legal and policy issues
→ liaise with other levels of government
More information athttp://www.opengeospatial.org/ogc/join/levels#associate
andhttp://www.opengeospatial.org/pressroom/pressreleases/1322
GovFuture - new Membership Level for Local and Subnational Government