Geospatial trends

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The Future of Geospatial and

Top Geomatic Trends

George Percivall, OGC Chief Engineer

TECTERRA Geomatics Showcase 2013

5 November 2013

© 2013 Open Geospatial Consortium

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Geospatial Technology Trends - 2013

• The Power of Location– Location for predicting intent– Location data quality

• Internet of Things– Reached “Apple II” stage– Opportunistic sensing/SWE

• Mobile Development– 1 GB/user/day, Mobile first– LBS DWG, Geopackage

• Indoor Frontier – Human scale geo– Indoor maps, IndoorGML

• Geographers of future– Maps became personal– AR, Semantics

• Geospatial Processing– Analytics, Cloud, models, – WPS Profiles, Provenance

• Smart Cities– Urban Scale geo– Spatial intelligence of cities

• Policy implementation – Uncertainty inhibiting growth– Implement licenses; privacy


For detail online: http://tinyurl.com/au76e7t

http://tinyurl.com/au76e7t

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The Power of Location


“location has become the cookie of mobile”

- Eli Portnoy, Thinknear

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Power of Location

• “Location targeting is holy grail for marketers”– Sir Martin Sorrell, WPP CEO, MWC 2011

• By measuring the entropy of each individual’s trajectory, we find a 93% potential predictability in user mobility – Limits of Predictability in Human Mobility, Science 2010

• 1st law of geography: "Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things.” – Waldo Tobler

© 2013 Open Geospatial Consortium 4

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Location Data Quality

• “26% of reported locations were off by over 10,000 m, less than 33% were accurate within 100 meters.”

– Eli Portnoy, CEO of ThinkNear

• “Its important for decision makers to understand the accuracy of the available geocodes so that they have a sense of the level of confidence they can place in the data.”– John O’Hara, Pitney Bowes, Geospatial World Jan 2013

• OGC Location Data Quality – Data Quality DWG: surveyed ~1000 Geospatial professionals,

researched ISO specs, reviewed data quality use cases

– Metrics for geocoded addressing for commercial purposes.


Yelp Engineering

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http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/211427/is-latlong-getting-it-all-latwrong.html%23comments

http://engineeringblog.yelp.com/2012/08/gps-vs-wifi-the-battle-for-location-accuracy-using-yelp-check-ins.html

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Points of Interest

• POI Standard development– Began in W3C with OGC participation– OGC Standards Working Group formed to complete work

• Key Use Case– Authoritative source maintains PoIs (Starbucks maintains their PoIs)

– PoI Aggregators offer services (Google offers search on PoI

database)– Consolidators gather PoIs from Authoritative sources using OGC

PoI Spec


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Internet of Things (IoT)


In 2008, the number of devices connected to the Internet exceeded the number of people on Earth

• CISCO

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Major industrials have been preparing for IoT

• Internet of things to give $10-15 trillion boost to global economy:

General Electric


• “In 2008, the number of devices connected to the Internet exceeded the number of people on Earth. By 2020, there will be 50 billion devices connected” - CISCO

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"Redefining the language of geospatial industry"Ola Rollen, President and CEO, Hexagon AB.

http://blogs.cisco.com/news/the-internet-of-things-infographic/

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IoT is finally arriving: it’s bubbling up from the grassroots.

• IoT: long-prophesied phenomenon of everyday devices talking to one another — and us — online– Back in the ’90s, big companies built systems to do tricks like this, but they

were expensive, hard to use, and vendor-specific.

• Hackers now using increasingly inexpensive sensors and open source hardware, add intelligence to ordinary objects. – Sensor prices going down; sizes going down. Only limit is your imagination.– Cloud services – “If This Then That” or Cosm - let devices interact in

unexpected ways

• IoT has reached the “Apple II stage” – when a new technology finally becomes easy enough to use that

thousands of people start using it.


http://www.wired.com/opinion/2012/12/20-12-st_thompson/

http://www.wired.com/opinion/2012/12/20-12-st_thompson/

OGC®

Proliferation of IoT devices and Cloud Services


ARM® Cortex™-M0

Nanode

Netduino

52North SenseBox

Twine

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Application Themes for IoT


Figure from: OECD (2012), “Machine-to-Machine Communications: Connecting Billions of Devices”, OECD Digital Economy Papers, No. 192, OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k9gsh2gp043-en

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k9gsh2gp043-en

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Large-scale Opportunistic Sensing

• Smartphones to be pocket seismometers – Right now, can detect earthquakes above Magnitude 5.0. With

better accelerometers in smartphones hope to detect smaller ones– precious seconds' advance notice that a big trembler is on its way

• pressureNET – Global network of user-contributed atmospheric pressure readings.– App displays data as markers on map and graphed over time– To improve weather forecasting models.

• IoT devices measure Air quality (CO, NO2) – AirCasting - Air Quality Egg

© 2013 Open Geospatial Consortium http://airqualityegg.com/

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-20531304

http://www.aircasting.org/

http://pndv.cumulonimbus.ca/

http://airqualityegg.com/

http://airqualityegg.com/



http://www.aircasting.org/




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Mobile Development


1GB per mobile user per day by 2020 - Y. Neuvo, CTO NOKIA

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Market Reality - Mobile First

• “Millennials would rather give up driving than their smartphone or laptop” – Zipcar survey


http://www.slideshare.net/kleinerperkins/2012-kpcb-internet-trends-yearend-update

• Geospatial services need to consider: “the other end of the spectrum has customers who do not use laptops and computers. They use cell phones and tablets.”– Ola Rollen, President and CEO, Hexagon AB

http://issuu.com/geospatialworld/docs/geospatial-world-annual-edition-january-2013

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/01/millennials-car-ownership_n_2789454.html




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OGC on open mobile

• Open GeoSMS (OGC and ITU)

• Point of Interest (PoI)• ARML 2.0 • IndoorGML• 3D Portrayal• GeoPackage

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Source: http://ilmuschiosuglialberi.blog.com/2012/02/08/open-geosms-un-nuovo-standard-ogc-la-pratica/

Ushahidi with Open GeoSMS for communications in exercise of weather emergency, coordinated by

PinPointAlerts

http://ilmuschiosuglialberi.blog.com/2012/02/08/open-geosms-un-nuovo-standard-ogc-la-pratica/

http://ilmuschiosuglialberi.blog.com/2012/02/08/open-geosms-un-nuovo-standard-ogc-la-pratica/

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GeoPackagethe new universal geodata file format

• GeoPackage is a universal file format for geodata. – open, standards-based, application and platform independent, and

self-describing. – Built on SQLite, so works on any desktop or mobile OS – Connected / disconnected environment us

• GeoPackage - the modern alternative to formats like GeoTIFF, SDTS and vendor specific

• Experience it here: http://www.ogcnetwork.net/geopackage

• Final public review period through 8 November 2013


http://www.ogcnetwork.net/geopackage

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OGC Mobile Innovations


Link to Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5je0tnjXLY&list=PLQsQNjNIDU862xKukmrpDkkjNI55syDGN&index=7

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5je0tnjXLY&list=PLQsQNjNIDU862xKukmrpDkkjNI55syDGN&index=7

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5je0tnjXLY&list=PLQsQNjNIDU862xKukmrpDkkjNI55syDGN&index=7

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Indoor Frontier


Indoor infighting means technology companies are duplicating their efforts at great expense - The Economist

The simple reason LBS has have not quite yet lived up to the promise: people spend nearly 90% of time indoors

- Joep van Beurden, CEO CSR Plc

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Indoor Frontier

Framework for Indoor Location and Navigation

1. Position Determination

2. Indoor Maps

3. Navigation and Routing

4. Indoor location quality

• OGC standards– IndoorGML – underway– Indoor 2D venue map - TBD– Indoor location quality

OGC®

IndoorGML: Multilayered Space Model

1st layer: Topographic space model– building’ structure (topography)– geometric-topological model– network for route planning

2nd layer: Sensor space model– sensor / transmitter structure– coverage of sensor areas– transition between sensor areas

• Builds on existing International standards CityGML and IFC– Already suitable for addressing, route descriptions and route tracking

– Add: sensor space model, mode of navigation, logical layers


http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/groups/swg indoorgml.net

http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/groups/swg

http://indoorgml.net/

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Cartographers Of The FutureRedefining the way the people think about geography and place


The future “living” 3D map must be extensible at every tier by every developer, not just GIS specialists

- S. Lawler, Bing

OGC®


Cartographers Of The Future

• The major change in mapping in the past decade, as opposed to in the previous 6,000 to 10,000 years, is that mapping has become personal– Michael Jones, Google

• Cybercartography“Organisation, presentation, analysis and communication of spatially referenced information on a wide range of topics of interest and use to society in an interactive, dynamic, multimedia, multi-sensory format with the use of multimedia and multimodal interfaces.” – Fraser Taylor, Carleton University and ICA, 2003

New ways of viewing the world; new ways of annotating the world

http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/01/googles-michael-jones-on-how-maps-became-personal/266781/http://issuu.com/geospatialworld/docs/geospatial-world-annual-edition-january-2013

http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/01/googles-michael-jones-on-how-maps-became-personal/266781/





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The Living 3D World - Portrayal Services

• Web Service for scene graph rendering and image based rendering • Focus on 3D city models• Several encodings, e.g., Web3D, X3DOM• OGC 3D Portrayal Standards Working Group


Scenegraph

Images

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Augmented Reality

Graphics from Wikitude© 2013 Open Geospatial Consortium 24

ARML2 Standards Working Grouphttp://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/groups/arml2.0swg

http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/groups/arml2.0swg

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Then

Now

Geo-data Generation, Management, DistributionFrom the few to the many…

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Crowdsourced Mapping

• They are a success: – OSM, Ushahidi, many others – Goodchild article on VGI (2007)

• What’s next?– Indoor– Crowdsourced Cadastre– Crowdsource applied to geo-ontologies


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Semantics and the new geography

• Semantic technology progress– Google Knowledge Graph: contains more than 500 million objects,

as well as 3.5 billion facts and relationships between the objects

– But - the Semantic Web Services Challenge showed over a 5-year period, almost no one could simply reuse a previously successful ontology without close collaboration with its authors

• Geo-semantics development– OGC standards: GeoSPARQL and future

– Cross Community Interoperability thread in OGC Testbed


http://issuu.com/geospatialworld/docs/geospatial-world-annual-edition-january-2013http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2012/05/introducing-knowledge-graph-things-not.htmlhttp://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6319309 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6200249

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6319309






http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6200249

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6200249

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Big Processing of Geospatial Data


The three ‘V’s of Big Data: Volume, Velocity and Variety - Doug Laney, Gartner

OGC®


Big Processing of Geospatial Data

• Big Data: Online imagery access– 100’s of TB of imagery online now common

– Open license on Landsat data has opened new applications

• GIS moves to processing in the cloud– Lightweight client access to powerful processing services in cloud

• Next flood of Big Data coming from mobile and IoT devices– Location-based Analytics; NoSQL; Transaction oriented analytics;

Processing of streaming spatial data.

• OGC standards support Big Data

OGC®

Web Processing Services As A Gateway to cloud processing

• “As more and more GIS functionality is hurled into the cloud, it is only natural that this technology will move beyond simple search and discovery of data onto more advanced geo-processing capabilities.”

• “…standards such as Web Feature Service (WFS), Web Coverage Service (WCS), Web Processing Service (WPS), and Web Coverage Processing Service (WCPS) have moved the industry forward by leaps and bounds, and given GIS developers common ground to stand on when gathering, analyzing, and disseminating information”


http://imageryspeaks.com/2012/08/09/image-analysis-in-the-cloud/

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KISTERS AG KISTERS Partner Week 2011 31 11/04/2023

OpenMI - Open Modeling Interface

Candidate OGC Standard

Models are linked though so called “Linkable Components“ with each other.

The “linkable component“ can contain temporal and/or spatial (such as point or polygon) structures.

“Linkable components“ have bi directional interfaces, the so called “Exchange Item“

A model chain is executed by its’ last model. The triggered model calls all other models and receives at the end the expected product.

My model

GetValues(time)

Return

From Data to Integrated Modeling Open Modeling Interface: OpenMI

http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/requests/101

http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/requests/101

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Geospatial Analytics

• Analytic exploitation of the space-time features will usher in advances in high-quality prediction systems. – Space time features: the highest order bits - Jonas, Tucker

• Using algorithmic extraction and big data graphs to create and relate entities on the Web, organising them through a semantic taxonomy and enabling natural access– The future is ‘Where’" - S. Lawler, Bing

• Entity oriented analytics to transform raw data into actionable intelligence without external data models or human effort– Digital Reasoning


http://issuu.com/geospatialworld/docs/geospatial-world-annual-edition-january-2013http://www.digitalreasoning.com/



http://www.digitalreasoning.com/

http://www.digitalreasoning.com/

OGC®

Processing of Big Imagery


Link to Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CLdgpCsbq04&list=PLQsQNjNIDU862xKukmrpDkkjNI55syDGN&index=8

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CLdgpCsbq04&list=PLQsQNjNIDU862xKukmrpDkkjNI55syDGN&index=8



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Smart Cities


The goal of the smart city is to get information in real time and to use this information to increase the quality of life, reduce environmental impact and increase the efficiency of city services - Pilar Conesa

OGC®

The Battle for Control of Smart Cities

• Who will own the brains of smart cities: citizens or corporations? – At stake is an impending massive trove of data, not to mention

issues of privacy, services, and inclusion.

• Battle in the streets between hacktivists pushing for self-serve governance and monopolies e.g., IBM or Cisco – Delicate balance between big companies and DIY spirit of “gov 2.0”

champions– The urban poor could be the biggest losers.

• Achieving balance falls to smarter cities’ mayors, who must keep the tech heavyweights in check and “frame an agenda of openness, transparency and inclusiveness.”


http://www.fastcompany.com/1710342/battle-control-smart-cities

http://www.fastcompany.com/1710342/battle-control-smart-cities

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City Scale Opportunistic Sensing(Moving Features)

• A Tale of One City: Using Cellular Network Data for Urban Planning

• PFlow: Reconstructing People Flow Recycling Large-Scale Social Survey Data– Sekimoto, Y.; Shibasaki,

Ryosuke; Kanasugi, Hiroshi ; Usui, Tomotaka ; Shimazaki, Yasunobu

• Estimating Origin-Destination Flows Using Mobile Phone Location Data

• Exploiting Social Networks for Large-Scale Human Behavior Modeling


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CityGML - 3D Urban Models

Source; Thomas Kolbe, Berlin TU

• Urban Planning / Operations• Emergency Mgt / Response• Transportation / Routing / Logistics• Indoor navigation• Retail Site analysis• Sustainable / Green Communities• City Services Management• Noise abatement• Telecommunications placement• Alternative Energy Placement• Many other uses…


www.3d-stadtmodell-berlin.de

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Policy Implementation


Privacy as a core system requirement is poised to become one of the key trends of our time – and justifiably so. In the pursuit of freedom and liberty, as individuals and at a societal level, we deserve nothing less. - Ann Cavoukian, Information & Privacy Commissioner, Ontario, Canada

OGC®

Policy Implementation

• Further progress of geospatial services is inhibited by lack of efficient handling of policies

• A strong geospatial data industry requires – Clear open data policies and effective geo-infrastructure– Open data policies allow investments to flow to users

• Location privacy concerns need to be tamed


http://www.sensorsandsystems.com/dialog/perspectives/29311-do-the-google-sponsored-research-reports-shed-new-light-on-the-geo-services-industry.html



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"Regulations to support a ‘location-enabled’ society” - Kevin Pomfret

• Policy and legal developments are beginning to threaten broader adoption of geospatial technologies and consequently the creation of location-enabled societies. – including concerns over privacy, increased government regulation,

uncertainty over ownership rights in location information, issues involving national and homeland security as well government funding challenges.

• Combining spatially-enabled information from governments, commercial enterprises (and increasingly, individuals) from around the world will be subject to differing and uncertain intellectual property regimes.

• Must take into account that a person’s location information is different from other types of personal information.




OGC®

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Geospatial Technology Trends - 2013

• The Power of Location– Location for predicting intent– Location data quality

• Internet of Things– Reached “Apple II” stage– Opportunistic sensing/SWE

• Mobile Development– 1 GB/user/day, Mobile first– LBS DWG, Geopackage

• Indoor Frontier – Human scale geo– Indoor maps, IndoorGML

• Geographers of future– Maps became personal– AR, Semantics

• Geospatial Processing– Analytics, Cloud, models, – WPS Profiles, Provenance

• Smart Cities– Urban Scale geo– Spatial intelligence of cities

• Policy implementation – Uncertainty inhibiting growth– Implement licenses; privacy


For detail online: http://tinyurl.com/au76e7t

http://tinyurl.com/au76e7t

OGC®

Blog


http://www.opengeospatial.org/blog/1814



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Visualizing Canada with OGC

Copyright © 2013, Open Geospatial Consortium Video source: The Pyxis Innovation.

See excepts of this video: http://vimeo.com/73055927 From 0:35 to 3:05

http://vimeo.com/73055927



OGC®

Thanks to TECTERRA for an excellent

Geomatics Showcase 2013
