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The contemporary management of natural hazards promotes building community resilience through risk management and comprehensive attention to prevention, preparedness, response and recovery. Achieving adequate planning for possible disasters requires identifying and understanding the geographical attributes, both physical and social, that may contribute to the resilience and/or vulnerability of places to such events. Subsequent disaster and community planning can then be strategically applied to enhance resilience. Referring to recent events, this session will workshop the geography of community vulnerability and resilience to disasters, identify the links to strategic response and recovery, and discuss how resilience can be built during these operational phases.
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School of Geography, Planning & Environmental Management
The geography of community resilience to hazards & disasters
Dr Peter Hastings
School of Geography, Planning & Environmental Management
The geography of community resilience to hazards & disasters
• Resilience – new direction in disaster management
• What makes a community resilient?
• Applying a geographical perspective to investigate the resilience of places
School of Geography, Planning & Environmental Management
Community Resilience – what is it?
Resilience – the ability to “spring back from” an incident or disaster (resist, absorb, accommodate to, recover & emerge stronger)
Determined by the degree to which the community has the necessary resources and is capable of organising itself both prior to & during times of need… (UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction; UNISDR)
School of Geography, Planning & Environmental Management
Community Resilience – what is it?
The flip-side… Vulnerability
“The conditions determined by physical, social, economic and environmental factors or processes, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards.”
(National Emergency Risk Assessment Guidelines)
School of Geography, Planning & Environmental Management
Community Resilience – what is it?
• Resilient Communities:– Function well while under stress– Can successfully adapt (adaptive capacity)– Are self-sufficient– Have social capacity– Understand the risks– Plan for emergencies, coordinate & participate– Engage appropriate landuse planning
(adapted from NEMC 2011)
School of Geography, Planning & Environmental Management
How resilient to hazardsis this place?
How resilient to hazards are these people/communities?
Place/community imagery
School of Geography, Planning & Environmental Management
• Place/community based
• Analyses of physical & cultural landscape interaction
• Spatial analysis (accessibility, networks, relative location, risk, landuse, regional contrasts, landscape change/ adaptation, relative disadvantage, social capital, sustainibility etc.)
Analysing disaster resilience facilitates good geography
School of Geography, Planning & Environmental Management
How Vulnerable/ Resilient is this Place?
• You have been asked to make an “all hazards” assessment…
• What observable characteristics of a place would you look at to indicate –
(a) vulnerability & (b) resilience?
School of Geography, Planning & Environmental Management
How Resilient is this Place?
Landscape Element Vulnerability Indicators Resilience Indicators
People/ Demography e.g. high% aged ?
Environment e.g. floodplain ?
Economy ? ?
Public Admin. ? e.g. DM planning
Social Setting ? ?
Infrastructure ? ?
School of Geography, Planning & Environmental Management
How Resilient is this Place? – The Gap, Brisbane
Imagery: Google Earth
The Gap, Brisbane – Emergency ServicesImagery: Google Earth
School of Geography, Planning & Environmental Management
Source: http://www.ruralfire.qld.gov.au/Bushfire%20Planning/index.htmlRural Fire Service – Queensland Government
School of Geography, Planning & Environmental Management
Source: http://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/community/community-safety/disasters-and-emergencies/types-of-disasters/flooding/understanding-your-flood-risk/flood-flag-map/index.htmBrisbane City Council
School of Geography, Planning & Environmental Management
The Gap (suburb), 2006 Census, ABS
Source: www.abs.gov.au Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006 Census
School of Geography, Planning & Environmental Management
Source: www.abs.gov.au Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006 Census
• Informal community• Abject poverty• At risk
How Resilient is this Place? – Be careful!
Imizamo Yethu, South Africa
School of Geography, Planning & Environmental Management
School of Geography, Planning & Environmental Management
The geography of community resilience to hazards & disasters
• Resilience – new emphasis in disaster management
• What makes a community resilient?
• Applying a geographical perspective to investigate the resilience of places
Some resources* The National Emergency Management Committee (NEMC) 2011, National Strategy for Disaster Resilience, building our nation’s resilience to disasters.Available online: http://www.coag.gov.au/coag_meeting_outcomes/2011-02-13/docs/national_strategy_disaster_resilience.pdf
Handmer, J 2003, ‘We are all vulnerable’, The Australian Journal of Emergency Management, vol. 18, no 3, pp.55-60.Available online: http://www.em.gov.au/Documents/We%20are%20all%20Vulnerable.pdf
Harte, EW, Childs, IRW and Hastings, PA 2009, ‘Imizamo Yethu: a case study of community resilience to fire hazard in an informal settlement Cape Town, South Africa’, Geographical Research, vol.47 Issue 2, pp.142–154. Available online:http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1745-5871.2008.00561.x/abstract;jsessionid=73163EF7B3AE4A0BA71C10D19B61F645.d02t01
National Emergency Management Committee, 2010, National Emergency Risk Assessment Guidelines, Tasmanian State Emergency Service, Hobart. (NERAG). Available online:http://www.em.gov.au/Publications/Program%20publications/Pages/NationalEmergencyRiskAssessmentGuidelines.aspxBrisbane Flood Mapping: http://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/community/community-safety/disasters-and-emergencies/types-of-disasters/flooding/understanding-your-flood-risk/flood-flag-map/index.htm
Queensland Rural Fire Service Mapping: http://www.ruralfire.qld.gov.au/Bushfire%20Planning/index.html
School of Geography, Planning & Environmental Management