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Open Data
Toks Fayomi
FAO Open Data Meeting
January 29th, 2015This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike v4.0 License
Topics
• Open Data Defined
• Open Data Benefits
• Global and National Case Studies
• Open Data in Agriculture
• Government’s Role
Open Data Defined
Open Data Defined
• Open Definition
• Open Data Format
Outline
Open Data Defined
“Knowledge is open if anyone is free to access, use, modify,
and share it — subject, at most, to measures that preserve
provenance and openness”
Open Definition
Open Data Defined
“Open data is data that can be freely used, re-used and
redistributed by anyone - subject only, at most, to the
requirement to attribute and sharealike.”
Open Data Definition
Open Data Defined
• Availability and Access: the data must be available as a whole and at no more than a reasonable reproduction cost, preferably by downloading over the internet. The data must also be available in a convenient and modifiable form.
• Re-use and Redistribution: the data must be provided under terms that permit re-use and re-distribution including the intermixing with other datasets.
• Universal Participation: everyone must be able to use, re-use and re-distribute - there should be no discrimination against fields of endeavor or against persons or groups.
Open Definition
Open Data Defined
• Open format
– Platform independent and machine-readable
– Most common open formats: CSV, ODS, ODT, TXT
• Machine-readable
– Data, both in its format (CSV) and its structure, can be read by a computer without human aid
– Data is clearly structured in a logical way
• Open license
– grants permission to access, re-use and re-distribute a work with few or no restrictions
Open Data
Open Format
Open Data Defined
Machine-Readable
Open Data Defined
Open License
Open Data Defined
Open License
Open Data Defined
Open licenses enable creators to allow more freedom in what others can
do with their works. Benefits of this freedom include:
• allowing others to circulate the work freely - potentially giving it a
greater circulation than if a single group or individual retained an
exclusive right to distribute;
• not forcing users to apply for permission every time they wish to
circulate a copy of the work in question - which can be a time
consuming affair, especially if the work has many authors;
• encouraging others to continuously improve and add value to a work;
• encouraging others to create new works based on or derived from the
original work - e.g. translations, adaptations, or works with a different
scope or focus.
NOT OPEN DATA
Open Data Defined
NOT OPEN DATA
Open Data Defined
NOT OPEN DATA
Open Data Defined
Benefits of Open Data
Benefits of Open Data
• Promotes better Governance
• Supports Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Outline
Benefits of Open Data
Better Governance, Better Citizens
• Transparency and democratic control
• Participation/Engagement
• Sense of responsibility
• Self-empowerment
• Collaboration
Benefits of Open Data
Better Governance, Better Citizens (2)
• Improved efficiency of government services
• Improves efficiencies in sharing data across government
and with public
• Proactive automated publishing rather than manual
retrospective approach
• Improves data quality through enabling verifiable public
contributions
Benefits of Open DataInnovative Companies,
Empowered Customers
• Supports decision making
• Spurs innovative business models, products, and
services
• Improves on products and services
• Customers are informed – price/product
transparency
Global Case Studies
Outline
• Findmyschool.co.ke
• Climate.com
• Ordanancesurvey.co.uk
• Canada’s Agriculture Data Portal
Global Case Studies
Findmyschool.co.ke
Global Case Studies
Global Case Studies
Findmyschool.co.ke
Climate.com
Global Case Studies
• 60 years of detailed crop yield data
• Weather observations from one million locations in the
United States
• 14 terabytes of soil quality data - all free from the US
Government
• Provide applications that help farmers improve their profits
by making better informed operating and financing
decisions
• Key product is “Total Weather Insurance”, an insurance
offering that pays farmers automatically and without proof
of loss for bad weather that may impact their profits.
Climate.com
Global Case Studies
Climate.com
Global Case Studies
Ordanancesurvey.co.uk
Global Case Studies
Ordanancesurvey.co.uk
Global Case Studies
“The data from the Ordnance Survey,
the UK’s National Mapping Agency,
underpins around £100 billion a year
of economic activity for a production
cost of around £100 million a year”
Canada’s Agriculture Data Portal
Global Case Studies
Nigerian Case Studies
Outline
• Open Data in Nigeria
• BudgIT
• Edo State Open Data Portal
• Nigeria’s MDG Information System
• National Bureau of Statistics
• AMIS
Nigerian Case Studies
Open Data in Nigeria
• Launch of the Open Data Initiative, January 2014
• Goals of the Open Data Initiative are :
– to increase cooperation between Ministries, Departments, and Agencies and improve citizen engagement,
– strengthen the Nigerian innovation ecosystem to create jobs and attract foreign investment
• Specific activities of the Open Data Initiative are:
– to create a government-provided open data portal
– to release an Open Data Action plan
Nigerian Case Studies
Open Data in Nigeria
• An Open Government readiness assessment and action plan, including a vision statement, country commitments and key recommendations;
• A roadmap for creation of innovation ecosystem by leveraging open data;
• A technology roadmap, which includes recommendations for establishing cloud-based government infrastructure, mobile service delivery platform, a proposed list of initial pilot services, a scale-up implementation plan and changes to the existing regulatory environment; and
• Investment cost estimates for technology, capacity building and change management activities.
Nigerian Case Studies
BudgIT
Nigerian Case Studies
BudgIT
Nigerian Case Studies
BudgIT
Nigerian Case Studies
Edo State Open Data Portal
Nigerian Case Studies
Edo State Open Data Portal
Nigerian Case Studies
Edo State Open Data Portal
• Critical success factors: – Identify and engage stakeholders, determine readiness and
what data should be released.
– Establish Open Data Team: start with a digitization team that works with MDAs to capture analog data and digitize them into machine readable formats
– Create new positions: institutionalized with the appointment of Open Data Managers (administrative and technical) through a competitive process
– Focal Persons for MDAs: This established continual communication process between the Open Data Team and MDAs
– Portal Design and Development: Partnered with the OKF
Nigerian Case Studies
MDG Information System
Local Case Studies
• Using data to achieve the Millennium
Development Goals
• Data points, marked on a map of the country,
provide information from the number of full
time teachers in a school to whether a water
point is working to whether a health center
provides family planning services.
MDG Information System
Local Case Studies
MDG Information System
Local Case Studies
MDG Information System
Nigerian Case Studies
National Bureau of Statistics
Nigerian Case Studies
National Bureau of Statistics
Nigerian Case Studies
National Bureau of Statistics
Nigerian Case Studies
Agricultural Market Info. Systems
Nigerian Case Studies
Agricultural Market Info. Systems
Nigerian Case Studies
Open Data in Agriculture
Use of OD in Agriculture
• Supports decision making in agricultural domain
• Increases productivity
• Reduces risks
• Improve nutrition and food security
Open Data in Agriculture
Types of Data
• Maps with irrigation info
• Maps with land use
• World statistics about the prices
• Data about the availability of agricultural
equipment
• Info about imports
Open Data in Agriculture
Use of OD in Agriculture
The use and wide dissemination of these data
sets is strongly advocated by a number of global
and national policy makers such as:
– Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN
– The New Alliance for Food Security and Nutrition
G-8 initiative
– DEFRA & DFID in UK
– USDA & USAID in the US
Open Data in Agriculture
Open Data in Agriculture
Open Data in Agriculture
OD in Agriculture
Open Data in Agriculture
How Open Data can
be harnessed to help
meet the challenge of
sustainably feeding
nine billion people by
2050
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
– Supports Capacity Development pillar of AMIS
aims to increase the availability and quality of the market
information produced and used by AMIS countries, with a
particular focus on statistical national capacities.
Open Data in Agriculture
Government’s Role in Open Data
Government
Government’s Role
• Support the whole value chain of the use of
data through four distinct though interlinked
roles:
Supplier - Leader - Catalyst - User
Government
Government’s Role
• SupplierGovernments need to release the data they hold which is needed for economic growth and business innovation, to do so publicly and regularly, and to steadily improve quality and access.
• LeaderNeed to provide both policies and active leadership and encouragement to other institutions to release data important to economic growth and business innovation. This includes public institutions at regional and city level, state owned enterprises, and private sector companies providing important public services.
Government
Government’s Role
• Catalyst Government should serve as catalysts for the use of open data by nurturing a thriving ecosystem of data users, coders, and application developers and incubating new, data-driven businesses.
• User Promote the use of public data within public institutions at national, regional and city level. This will also mean investment in skills and tools.
Governments should be leading, and proactive customers for innovative private sector products and services using open data, including advanced analytic services to improve internal decision making and to help create new services. In addition, using one’s own data can give greater understanding of how the data could be made more usable and useful.
Government as a Supplier
Government’s Role
• Release data which businesses and others request and needGovernment’s future programs of data release need to be driven not only by the knowledge of the officials of different ministries on what could be released but also by a public system by which businesses (and others) can request, discuss and prioritize the data that they want. Making this work effectively requires three supporting steps.
1. Government institutions need to make details of their overall data holdings publicly visible.
2. When data is requested, businesses must get a quick answer.
3. Because of the importance to the wider economy, individual ministries should not be permitted to refuse data without a wider and fast review by the government as a whole of the overall arguments for and against data release.
Government as a Supplier
Government’s Role
• Prioritize the release of “core reference data”
Examples: maps, address databases, demographic data
from the Census, data about roads and other transport
links, official data about registered companies and
other businesses and data about public procurement.
Government as a Supplier
Government’s Role
• Ensure that data can be found
A challenge for potential users to find the data that
they need within the structures of government. In
addition to division into separate ministries at national
level, data also resides at regional and municipal levels.
A national Open Data portal can help address this
issue if it has a collection of the richer metadata on
each dataset needed to assist locatability.
Government as a Supplier
Government’s Role
• Ensure continuity of supply of data
It will also be important to ensure that ministries do
not unilaterally withdraw data which has previously
been published without adequate consultation and
notice.
Government as a Supplier
Government’s Role
• Release fine-grained and disaggregated data
because it can be used in the context of individual
business transactions or it can be analyzed in different,
innovative, ways using big data analytics and other
techniques. So it is important to ensure that the right
level of detailed data is released. Each public
institution should have a concrete plan for releasing
specific datasets in a more disaggregated form.
Government as a Leader
Government’s Role
• Actively participate and promote the use of
open data
Individual ministries should not only give leadership to
other data suppliers in their sector; they should also be
seen to give leadership to the uses of data in their
sector too. Individual ministries should be given a
target to promote the use of Open Data both from
the ministry itself and from other data suppliers within
the Sector.
Government as a Leader
Government’s Role
• Extend the release of data beyond government
ministries
Some of the most valuable and sought-after data may
not be owned by a government’s ministries themselves,
but by state owned enterprises, private operators of
public services, academic institutions or by publicly-
funded researchers.
Government as a Catalyst
Government’s Role
• Ensure that Open Data portals are more
collaborative and demand driven
Leading governments in Open Data are not only
focused on sustaining a supply of high-value data.
They are actively encouraging and enabling businesses
and citizens to help lead the evolution of their Open
Data portal(s)
Government as a Catalyst
Government’s Role
• Ensure that government data is properly
explained, and that issues can be raised with the
relevant expert officials
Even with good metadata a government dataset can be
hard to understand and to use. Developer-activists may
be prepared to gain understanding by trial and error
over a period of time out of personal interest, but
potential business users may be more easily
discouraged.
Government as a Catalyst
Government’s Role
• Reach out not just to developers but to innovators and entrepreneurs in specific sectors
It is important for governments to see the use of Open Data as an issue of business innovation of all types, and not solely or primarily an issue for the ICT sector. Software developers or ICT service companies are not the sole - or even necessarily the best - source of ideas. The most successful drivers will come from a business problem which the innovator seeks to address.
Government as a Catalyst
Government’s Role
• Actively support and incubate innovation using Open Data and create institutional structures to do that on a sustainable basis For instance the UK have created an Open Data Institute to “convene world-class experts to collaborate, incubate, nurture and mentor new ideas, and promote innovation.” Governments should therefore consider how they could establish similar “centres of excellence” for Open Data to engage and bring together both the data suppliers from within public institutions and the data users in the private sector. Such a centre could specifically provide incubation facilities for startup businesses in Open Data and have a role to promote national expertise and capability in Open Data and to assist local businesses in competing globally in the supply of data-rich services.
Government as a User
Government’s Role
• Develop Open Data skills within the government
institutions, regions and municipalities
The re-use of Open Data has opportunities for the
efficient and collaborative operations of government itself.
Other jurisdictions have found that once data is freely
available as Open Data there is a surprising and
serendipitous reuse of data within government itself.
However, fully exploiting this potential requires the
development of “Open Data skills” among the relevant
officials.
Government as a User
Government’s Role
• Ensure that the Government is using data
services and products from the private sector
Governments should be leading, and proactive,
customers for innovative private sector products and
services using open data, including advanced analytic
services to improve internal decision making and to
help create new services. This public procurement
demand will help stimulate early investment.
Government’s role summarized• Make existing data available to public
• Release data that businesses see value in
leveraging
• Document data – review data standards,
technologies and best practice for data sharing
and documentation (includes metadata)
• Data maintenance - consistently collect, update
and report data under the same format
• Iterate and Improve - engage with end users
Government’s Role
In summary…
• Open Data: free to use, re-use, and re-distribute
• Open Data Benefits: promotes better governance and
spurs innovation
• Global and National Case Studies: many cases that can
we can learn from and possibly replicate
• Open Data in Agriculture: better decision making,
better and more sustainable food production
• Government’s Role: Provide data, develop and
implement policies, encourage innovation
Q&A/Discussion