Experiences, Potential and Plans for Experiences, Potential and Plans for Dairy Development in Crop-Livestock Dairy Development in Crop-Livestock

and Urban and Peri-urban Systemsand Urban and Peri-urban Systems

National dairy forum, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 23-24 November National dairy forum, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 23-24 November 2010 2010

By- Mohammed Haji HassenBy- Mohammed Haji HassenMinistry of Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture

Email: frdps05@yahoo.comEmail: frdps05@yahoo.com

IntroductionIntroduction

Although Ethiopia is endowed with large livestock resource Although Ethiopia is endowed with large livestock resource and ecological setting ideal for dairy production, the country is and ecological setting ideal for dairy production, the country is not yet self-efficient.not yet self-efficient.

An increase in milk growth had been about 1.6% per annum An increase in milk growth had been about 1.6% per annum while that of human population growth was about 2.9% for so while that of human population growth was about 2.9% for so many years.many years.

As an integral part of livestock sector, which is the backbone As an integral part of livestock sector, which is the backbone of agriculture, dairy is a sub-sector which is also crucial to of agriculture, dairy is a sub-sector which is also crucial to ensure the provision of inputs for industry, generate income ensure the provision of inputs for industry, generate income for smallhholders as well as to fulfill nutritional requirement for smallhholders as well as to fulfill nutritional requirement of human population.of human population.

Introduction cont’dIntroduction cont’d The GoE set PASDEP as a national plan that The GoE set PASDEP as a national plan that

extended over five-year (2005/05-2009/2010) extended over five-year (2005/05-2009/2010) The main objective of PASDEP was to lay out the The main objective of PASDEP was to lay out the

directions for accelerated, sustained and people-directions for accelerated, sustained and people-centered economic development as well as to pave centered economic development as well as to pave the groundwork for the attainment of the MDG by the groundwork for the attainment of the MDG by 20152015

In light of PASDEP and subsequent GTP this paper In light of PASDEP and subsequent GTP this paper highlights experiences, potential and plans of dairy highlights experiences, potential and plans of dairy development of the four highland regions of our development of the four highland regions of our country; namely, Oromia ,SNNP, Amhara, and country; namely, Oromia ,SNNP, Amhara, and Tigray. Tigray.

Background to Dairy Development in Crop-Background to Dairy Development in Crop-Livestock and Urban-Peri-Urban SystemLivestock and Urban-Peri-Urban System

The four major highland regions- SNNP, Amhara, Tigray, and The four major highland regions- SNNP, Amhara, Tigray, and Oromia, which consist nearly 96.3% of cattle and 86% of goat Oromia, which consist nearly 96.3% of cattle and 86% of goat population population

In 2009/10 the regions produced 2,897,318 tons of milk which In 2009/10 the regions produced 2,897,318 tons of milk which was 91.3% of the national sharewas 91.3% of the national share

Increased veterinary service coverage in the PASDEP- 25% in Increased veterinary service coverage in the PASDEP- 25% in SNNP, 88% in AmharaSNNP, 88% in Amhara

Conservation of pasture and plantation of forage seedling is Conservation of pasture and plantation of forage seedling is increasingincreasing

Increased numbers of dairy cooperatives. Eg 123 in OromiaIncreased numbers of dairy cooperatives. Eg 123 in Oromia

Potential Milk Production of the Four Major Potential Milk Production of the Four Major Regions Regions

Large cattle and goat populationLarge cattle and goat population Land mass, grazing pasture, hay production, forage Land mass, grazing pasture, hay production, forage

production, manpower in animal animal health, DAs. FTCs. production, manpower in animal animal health, DAs. FTCs. The regions have 116 potential milkshed woredas that supply The regions have 116 potential milkshed woredas that supply

fresh milk to nearby townsfresh milk to nearby towns Fedreral and regional governments’ commitment to support Fedreral and regional governments’ commitment to support

the sector in general. eg.Establishment of Oromia Livestock the sector in general. eg.Establishment of Oromia Livestock Development Agency, Oromia, Pastoral Communty Development Agency, Oromia, Pastoral Communty Development CommissionDevelopment Commission

Increased livestock DAs (749 on duty and 1267 doing Increased livestock DAs (749 on duty and 1267 doing undergraduate courses in Amhara and 889 FTCs were built in undergraduate courses in Amhara and 889 FTCs were built in Amhara while that of Tigray was 603 in the PASDEPAmhara while that of Tigray was 603 in the PASDEP

Experience in milk production of the producers in the highlandExperience in milk production of the producers in the highland

Major Livestock Activities Achieved by Each Major Livestock Activities Achieved by Each Region during PASDEPRegion during PASDEP

Achievements of SNNP RegionAchievements of SNNP Region Increased number of CB of cattle from 6,102 in Increased number of CB of cattle from 6,102 in

2002/03 to 29,557 in 2007/082002/03 to 29,557 in 2007/08 Milk produced from cows in 2009/10 was 495,113 Milk produced from cows in 2009/10 was 495,113

tonstons Forage coverage in 2009/10 was 3000 ha.Forage coverage in 2009/10 was 3000 ha. Animal health service coverage increased from 10% Animal health service coverage increased from 10%

in 2002/03 to 25% in 2007/08in 2002/03 to 25% in 2007/08

AchievementsAchievements of SNNP Cont’d of SNNP Cont’d

Further training of DAs and recruited farmers in animal Further training of DAs and recruited farmers in animal science and veterinary science at training institutionsscience and veterinary science at training institutions

796 assistant animal health technicians and 220 AI 796 assistant animal health technicians and 220 AI technicians were trainedtechnicians were trained

176 clinics and health posts constructed and 176 clinics and health posts constructed and commenced service- Fetch meaningcommenced service- Fetch meaning

Training of 3400 Ass.vets and multi-purpose DAs at Training of 3400 Ass.vets and multi-purpose DAs at ATVETATVET

2739 DA offices built and commenced training2739 DA offices built and commenced training 10,271 DAs on duty10,271 DAs on duty 1839 FTCs built and became functional1839 FTCs built and became functional

Achievements ofAchievements of Amhara RegionAmhara Region

Annual cows crossbred was 42,040 per yearAnnual cows crossbred was 42,040 per year In calf heifers and bulls distributed/sold to producers In calf heifers and bulls distributed/sold to producers

in PASDEP years was 1,249in PASDEP years was 1,249 1,692,058 ton milk (61.7%) produced in four years.1,692,058 ton milk (61.7%) produced in four years. Annual hay production from different strategies was Annual hay production from different strategies was

14.98 million tons against target of 26.51 million tons14.98 million tons against target of 26.51 million tons Average urea treated crop residue was 6750 Average urea treated crop residue was 6750

ton/annumton/annum 623 million forage seedlings were produced in four 623 million forage seedlings were produced in four

yearsyears

Achievement ofAchievement of Amhara Cont’dAmhara Cont’d

394,214 ha forage was conserved from uncontrolled grazing; 394,214 ha forage was conserved from uncontrolled grazing; thus contributed enormously to conserved haythus contributed enormously to conserved hay

Animal health service coverage escalated from 64% in Animal health service coverage escalated from 64% in 2002/03 to 88% in 2009/102002/03 to 88% in 2009/10

749 animal health technicians deployed to provide prevention 749 animal health technicians deployed to provide prevention serviceservice

Annual treatment against trypasomiasis in 29 woredas in four Annual treatment against trypasomiasis in 29 woredas in four years was 17,944 except in 2009/10 when it was planned to years was 17,944 except in 2009/10 when it was planned to treat 2.6 million animals in coordination with the federal treat 2.6 million animals in coordination with the federal Government. Government.

889 FTCs were constructed to make total FTCs 2788889 FTCs were constructed to make total FTCs 2788 Regional Agricultural Mechanization introduced a new churnRegional Agricultural Mechanization introduced a new churn

Tigray Region (Four year achievements)Tigray Region (Four year achievements) 21,108 inseminated cows 21,108 inseminated cows 2145 (42.9%) in calf crossbred supplied 2145 (42.9%) in calf crossbred supplied 5,373 Begait heifers/cows supplied to producers 5,373 Begait heifers/cows supplied to producers 221,429 tons milk produced from cattle221,429 tons milk produced from cattle 4,234,705 (112.6%) vaccinated animals in 4 years4,234,705 (112.6%) vaccinated animals in 4 years 2,185 ha. pasture improved 2,185 ha. pasture improved Hay prepared 8,792,300 quintals, which was 522.6%Hay prepared 8,792,300 quintals, which was 522.6% Zero grazing practiced in 247 kebelesZero grazing practiced in 247 kebeles Urea treatment demonstrated in 1678 sites Urea treatment demonstrated in 1678 sites 603 FTCs established603 FTCs established

Achievements of Oromia RegionAchievements of Oromia Region

Increased crossbred heifers from 113,610 to Increased crossbred heifers from 113,610 to 198,960 i.e at an average of 15% per year-198,960 i.e at an average of 15% per year-through AI at largethrough AI at large

Increased exotic cattle from 14,450 to 25,971 Increased exotic cattle from 14,450 to 25,971 i.e an average increase of 12.4% per yeari.e an average increase of 12.4% per year

Total milk production increased from 985.57 Total milk production increased from 985.57 thousand tons to 1295 thousand tonsthousand tons to 1295 thousand tons

Milk yield from local cows increased from Milk yield from local cows increased from 1.25 l./d in 2004/05 to 1.41 l./d in 2009/101.25 l./d in 2004/05 to 1.41 l./d in 2009/10

Achievements of Oromia cont’dAchievements of Oromia cont’d

Number of animal health clinics increased from 236 Number of animal health clinics increased from 236 to 322 while that of health posts 350 to 830to 322 while that of health posts 350 to 830

Regulation to revolving fund to use animal health Regulation to revolving fund to use animal health service was issuedservice was issued

Coverage of vaccination increased from 25.95% to Coverage of vaccination increased from 25.95% to 33% 33%

Major Milk Production and Challanges of the Major Milk Production and Challanges of the Four Major RegionsFour Major Regions

Lack of adequate feed supply both in quality and quantity. Lack of adequate feed supply both in quality and quantity. Grazing pasture was reduced at the rate of 6.4% per year from Grazing pasture was reduced at the rate of 6.4% per year from 1,638,000 ha. to 1,264,000 ha.- High impact on feed source 1,638,000 ha. to 1,264,000 ha.- High impact on feed source that comprises 67.9% of feedthat comprises 67.9% of feed

Health problems- Prevalence of infectious diseases, parasites Health problems- Prevalence of infectious diseases, parasites and transmitting diseasesand transmitting diseases

Genetic limitation for milk productionGenetic limitation for milk production Limited production of improved heifersLimited production of improved heifers Limited financial support for dairy sectorLimited financial support for dairy sector Limited land for grazing and fodder productionLimited land for grazing and fodder production Weak linkage among research, extension and technology usersWeak linkage among research, extension and technology users

Five-Year (GTP) Dairy Development Five-Year (GTP) Dairy Development Targets of the RegionsTargets of the Regions

Basic principleBasic principle MDG, Achievements in the past five years and MDG, Achievements in the past five years and

experiences gainedexperiences gained Vision to attain middle income stage by 2025Vision to attain middle income stage by 2025 Attain annual growth between 8.1% and Attain annual growth between 8.1% and

14.9% in agriculture 14.9% in agriculture

Five-Year (GTP) Dairy Development Five-Year (GTP) Dairy Development Targets of the RegionsTargets of the Regions

SNNPSNNP

435, 130 cows will be inseminated435, 130 cows will be inseminated 162 breeding bulls and 187 in calf heifers will be 162 breeding bulls and 187 in calf heifers will be

suppliedsupplied 66,760 cows will be crossbred by improved bulls 66,760 cows will be crossbred by improved bulls 450 breeding rams and 450 breeding does will be 450 breeding rams and 450 breeding does will be

supplied supplied 9 dairy processsing plants will be established9 dairy processsing plants will be established 47,700 ha. land will be dedicated to improved forage47,700 ha. land will be dedicated to improved forage

SNNP Target Cont’dSNNP Target Cont’d Furthermore,Furthermore,

36,500 tons crop residue will be treated by urea36,500 tons crop residue will be treated by urea 28,000 tons forage will be ensiled28,000 tons forage will be ensiled 36,600 tons hay will be produced36,600 tons hay will be produced

Increase animal health coverage from 25% to 80% in 2014/15Increase animal health coverage from 25% to 80% in 2014/15 114 animal health posts will be constructed in the plan 114 animal health posts will be constructed in the plan

yearsyears 18m. and 3.3m. animals will be given vaccination and 18m. and 3.3m. animals will be given vaccination and

treatment respectively.treatment respectively. Nine technologies will be pakaged in feed and nutrition, Nine technologies will be pakaged in feed and nutrition,

animal health and pasture managementanimal health and pasture management

Dairy Dairy DevelopmentDevelopment Targets TargetsAmhara RegionAmhara Region

Increased AI service from 119,550 to 192,536 and calf crop from Increased AI service from 119,550 to 192,536 and calf crop from 55,232 to 88,59255,232 to 88,592

Increased forage seed multplication from 8,490 ha to 10,836 ha Increased forage seed multplication from 8,490 ha to 10,836 ha Increased hay production from 30 m. tons to 74.6 m tons through Increased hay production from 30 m. tons to 74.6 m tons through

improved pasture and application of strategic forage developmentimproved pasture and application of strategic forage development Increased urea treated crop residue from 288 tons in 2009/10 to Increased urea treated crop residue from 288 tons in 2009/10 to

1070 tons in 2014/151070 tons in 2014/15 Increased animal health service coverage from 88% to 100%Increased animal health service coverage from 88% to 100% Weekly dissemination of market information to all market actorsWeekly dissemination of market information to all market actors

Dairy Dairy DevelopmentDevelopment Targets Targets

Tigray RegionTigray Region Establish 15 mini ranches that will produce 4825 heifersEstablish 15 mini ranches that will produce 4825 heifers Increase AI service stations from 49 to 110Increase AI service stations from 49 to 110 Increase calf production from 11,674 to 30375 per year Increase calf production from 11,674 to 30375 per year

through AI servicethrough AI service Increase supply of Begait cows from 2000 to 3000 per year to Increase supply of Begait cows from 2000 to 3000 per year to

make the whole supply 12,500 in the plan yearsmake the whole supply 12,500 in the plan years Increase pasture yield from 40 quintals/ha to 60 quintals/ha Increase pasture yield from 40 quintals/ha to 60 quintals/ha

and escalate the corresponding hay production from and escalate the corresponding hay production from 1,034,240 tons to 1,119,494 tons1,034,240 tons to 1,119,494 tons

Vaccination and treatment will be given to 47,264,285 and Vaccination and treatment will be given to 47,264,285 and 34,817,674 animals respectively34,817,674 animals respectively

Dairy Dairy DevelopmentDevelopment Targets Targets

OromiaOromia AI service will go up from 41,300 to 164,400AI service will go up from 41,300 to 164,400 Supply of Boran breed will go up from 6520 to Supply of Boran breed will go up from 6520 to

10,49910,499 Supply of forage seedlings will increase to Supply of forage seedlings will increase to

22.3 m. down from 12.3 m.22.3 m. down from 12.3 m. Animal Animal extension serviceextension service coverage will coverage will

abruptly increase from 70% to 95%abruptly increase from 70% to 95%

Dairy Dairy DevelopmentDevelopment Targets Targets

Oromia Cont’dOromia Cont’d

Number of extensión package beneficiaries Number of extensión package beneficiaries will escalate from 648,541 to 3.07 millionswill escalate from 648,541 to 3.07 millions

Cattle vaccination service coverage will grow Cattle vaccination service coverage will grow from 33% to 66.4% while that of treatment from 33% to 66.4% while that of treatment will grow from 49% to 63%will grow from 49% to 63%

Tsetse eradication will be lowered from 15% Tsetse eradication will be lowered from 15% area to 5% in 50,000 km squarearea to 5% in 50,000 km square

TARGET MILK PRODUCTION FOR THE TARGET MILK PRODUCTION FOR THE FOUR MAJOR REGIONSFOUR MAJOR REGIONS

Lessons LearntLessons Learnt

It is imperative to increase milk supply to urban It is imperative to increase milk supply to urban consumers to save foreign exchange and to become consumers to save foreign exchange and to become more self sufficient. ( B/n 2003 and 2009 average more self sufficient. ( B/n 2003 and 2009 average import of milk & milk products was 1,796 tons for an import of milk & milk products was 1,796 tons for an average value of Birr 65,250,914)average value of Birr 65,250,914)

It is also equally imperative that dairying contribute It is also equally imperative that dairying contribute to rural development by improving the nutritional to rural development by improving the nutritional status, increase income and employment status, increase income and employment opportunitiesopportunities

ConclusionConclusion

Concerted efforts of the regional and federal governments, Concerted efforts of the regional and federal governments, agricultural bureaux and research organizations at various agricultural bureaux and research organizations at various levels, higher learning institutions and NGOs are requiredlevels, higher learning institutions and NGOs are required

The regional agricultural bureau/ livestock agencies are The regional agricultural bureau/ livestock agencies are expected to spearhead the dairy development interventionexpected to spearhead the dairy development intervention