Designed by Soujanya Roy, Sanjoy Moitra, Monalisa, Mayurima and Krishanu

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Department of Electronics &Communication Engineering

SURENDRA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT,SILIGURI

Basic EnvironmentalEngineering & Elementary Biology

AGENDA

Introduction to the Basic concept of Eutrophication - Basic Idea - Definition Types of Eutrophication - Natural Eutrophication - Cultural Eutrophication

Sources - Point sources - Non-point sources - A brief outline

Effects of Eutrophication

Remedial Measures/Monitoring

Bibliography

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Introduction- Basic Concepts

Whats actually Eutrophication?

BASIC IDEA: - originated from greek words: eu=‘well’ and

trophes=‘fed’. Thus it means ‘well fed’ or ‘nutrient rich’

- It alters the dynamics of a number of plant, animal and bacterial populations; thus, bringing about changes in community structure.

- It is a form of water pollution and like all other forms of pollution is the result of human activities influencing ecological cycles.

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E u t r o p h i c a t i o n i n t h e S e a o f A z o v . S o u r c e : S e a W i F S P r o j e c t , N A S A / G o d d a r d S p a c e F l i g h t C e n t e r a n d O R B I M A G

Introduction- Basic Concepts

Defining Eutrophication Can be defined as excessive nutrient load in a water body that

support a dense growth of algae and other organisms, the decay of which depletes the shallow waters of oxygen in summer.

eutrophication may be defined as an increase in

the rate of supply of organic matter to an ecosystem.

It means ‘enhanced nourishment’ and refers to the stimulation of aquatic plant growth by mineral nutrients, particularly the combined forms of phosphorus or nitrogen

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L i m n o l o g i s t s D e f i n i t i o n

M a r i n e S c i e n t i s t s , ( G E S A M P 1 9 9 0 )

Getting into: Types of Eutrophication

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Lets Browse through the different types of Eutrophication

Types of Eutrophication Two types of Eutrophication

are:

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Natural Eutrophication Cultural Eutrophication

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Two types : A comparison

Natural Eutrophication Cultural Eutrophication

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a process that occurs as a lake or river ages over a period of hundreds or thousands of years.

a process that occurs when humans release excessive amounts of nutrients; it shortens the rate of aging to decades.

Getting into- Sources

Sources of Eutrophication

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POINT SOURCES

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√Point sources are directly attributable to one influence. In point sources the nutrient waste travels directly from source to water. Point sources are relatively easy to regulate.

Getting into- Sources

Sources of Eutrophication

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NONPOINT SOURCES

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Nonpoint source pollution (also known as 'diffuse' or 'runoff' pollution) is that which comes from ill-defined and diffuse sources. Nonpoint sources are difficult to regulate and usually vary spatially and temporally (with season, precipitation, and other irregular events).It has been shown that nitrogen transport is correlated with various indices of human activity in watersheds, including the amount of development. Ploughing in agriculture and development are activities that contribute most to nutrient loading.

SOURCES- point & non point

Point Sources Non-point Sources

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Waste water effluent (municipal and industrial)Runoff and leachate from waste disposal systemsRunoff and infiltration from animal feedlotsRunoff from mines, oil fields, unsewered industrial sitesOverflows of combined storm and sanitary sewers. Runoff from construction sites less than 20000 sq. mtr. Untreated Sewage

Runoff from agriculture/irrigationRunoff from pasture and rangeUrban runoff from unsewered areasSeptic tank leachateRunoff from construction sites> 20000 sq. mtrsRunoff from abandoned minesAtmospheric deposition over a water surfaceOther land activities generating contaminants.

SOURCES Major Sources of

Eutrophication

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SOURCES : A summary

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Major sources of excess nutrients are agricultural fertilizers, domestic sewage and livestock wastes.

Agricultural fertilizers provide inorganic nutrients.

Sewage and wastes provide both inorganic and organic nutrients.

PICTORIAL SUMMARY OF SOURCES OF EUTROPHICATION

SOURCES : An summary

Cultural Eutrophication

Impact- Effects on Environment

Effects of Eutrophication on the Environment

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Decrease in the transparency of water Development of anoxic conditions (low oxygen levels) Increased algal blooms Loss of habitat (e.g. Sea grass beds) Change in dominant biota (e.g. Changes in plankton and

macrophyte community structure or changes in fish composition) Decrease in species diversity Change in the aesthetic value of the water body

Impact- Effects on Society

Socio-economic Consequences of Eutrophication

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Increased vegetation may impede water flow and the movement of boats The water may become unsuitable for drinking even after treatment Decrease in the amenity value of the water (e.g. it may become unsuitable

f or water sports such as sailing) Disappearance of commercially important species (such as trout) Loss of tourism/recreation (swimming, boating) Loss of aesthetic value: visual disamenity of algal blooms in lakes

IMPACTBefore Eutrophication After Eutrophication

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EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATIONAlgal bloom in a lake

EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATIONOvergrowth of floatingAquatic plants

EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATIONOn right: Fish mortality due lack of O2 in Indonesian lake

Click icon to add picture

Lets understand the process SIMPLY…!

Getting Real- Video footage

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VIDEO FOOTAGE

NOWPLAYING

CREDITS:Piotr SokolowskiSource:www.youtube.com

REMEDIAL MEASURES Reduction in the use of phosphates as builders in

detergents

Reduction in the use of nitrate containing fertilisers

Implementation of tertiary sewage treatment methods which remove phosphate and nitrate

Improvements in agricultural practices (economising on fertiliser use and improving land use)

Aeration of lakes and reservoirs to prevent oxygen depletion particularly during algal blooms

Restoration of natural wetlands, efficient in nutrient removal

Removing phosphate-rich plant material from affected lakes

Removing phosphate-rich sediments by dredging

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Bibliography- References

Thanks to the sources…!!!

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Basic Environmental Engineering & Elementary Biology, Dr Gourkrishna Dasmohapatra

http://en.wikipedia.org www.google.com Various: PPT by Richard Sandford, PPT by

Ginni Jones, Jordan Finn, Candace Speller & Shaivya Pathak, Freeman 2005, etc

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THE END…

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THANK YOU AND HAVE A NICE DAY…!!!

- SOUJANYA ROY, SANJOY MOITRA, MONALISA, MAYURIMA AND KRISHANU