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SNS Studies towards a rotating solid target.Thomas McManamy (SNS)
Citation preview
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– � = , �$� � �� �� � ����& ���� � ���� �� � � % �& �� ���� � ��' �� & �� ��� �������� �� � � � �� � ��� �� �' ��$�������� & % � ��� ��� �' �� ���+�� � �> -�& ���� ���� � � & % � & �� �������% �
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• ? � ��������� , ���& � , ��� ���������� �� �$� � ��� �������& �� $$��� ������� �& ���� �� �� � $� �� & ��� ' �� � �� ��� ��3 ) ? �� � $� ����� � � ��% ���� �� ��� �� � ������� �$�' % ����� ��$� � �& ���� & ������ �� �
• , ���� & �# ) . A . ������ �� �� �� � & � �& � �� � & �$� � ��� �� � �����' ���� ' ����& � � ��% ���� �� �& � � �$� � ��� ���������& � �' �
• ��� ' ��� �����& �� �� ��' ��� �� � ��& � �� � &
• ? � ����������� ' ��� ����� ����� ' ����� ����& �� �� � �� ��& ���' ��� �� � ��& � �� � � ���& � � �$� � ��� �� � �����' ���� ' �
4 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
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2 Proton Beam Profiles Studied2-D Gaussian:
Vertical Sigma - 1.5 cmHorizontal Sigma - 4.5 cm
Flat:Vertical: 6 cmHorizontal: 18 cm
Proton Energy: 1.3 GeVRepetition rate: 20 Hz
Target ConfigurationTungsten & Ta clad height 7 cmDiameter 1.2 mTungsten & Ta clad radial depth 25 cmD2O Channel heights 1.5 mmSteel shroud thickness 1 cm
5 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
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protons
Vertical cut
Horizontal cutOn mid-plane
* Lower moderator not modeled
*
Horizontal cutThrough moderator
Beryllium
H2
W ss
1.5 mm D20 cooling channels
H20
6 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
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• H2 radius 11cm
• H2 height 12 cm
• Moderator axis with regard to target nose: 11 cm
• Target height: 7 cm
• Step Location of central cooling channel: 7.5 cm
An optimized Para-hydrogen moderator configuration and center cooling channel step location in the target was calculated with MCNPX for maximum moderator brightness
Rotating target configuration gave nearly the same cold moderator brightness as the STS mercury target ( + 7% for flat profile, + 3% Gaussian profile).
7 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
(�� �#���������)*+��,��� �!���"�-������� �����
Bulk tungsten Central Tantalum Cladding
Central D2O Channel
8 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
���� �����.�/0�12 �3�/��2 �� �4�� � ��������
.5 mm clad
1 MW
9 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
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Tungsten & cladSteel hub
Stainless Steel Shell
.1 m.3 m.6 m
.035 m
1.5 mm gas gap with radiation ( ε = 0.2 all internal surfaces) and water vapor or air
Gas conduction – 5 mm gap to 50 C surface plus radiation ( ε = 0.8 all external surfaces)
k=1.5 w/m-k ( 10% steel ribs)
12 mm
Nu=3
5 mm
Shaft
18 kW uniform heat generation
10 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
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x
y
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.60.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
500450400350300250200150100
Temp (°C)
11 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
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• . �� �& ����� � � ��� � ���' �� ��� ���� � ���� �� % ��% � �� � �����' ��� ��' ������ � ������� � ���' �� �� � ����' �� � �� ��� ���� � ��
– ���' ��� & ' � �� ���� �� � �� �� � �� ��% ����� ��� �� ���% �
• 7 ��% �����' �� � �� % �� �& �� $���� ' ����& �� $� ��� � ��� � �� �� � ����5 ! �3 ���2 �� � �� �� � � �� � ���� �� �� ���% �' � � ����& �� � ��� � ����. ��% ��� � �$���% � �� $�� � �������& �� �� �& ����� � � � �� % ���������3 � � �6 � � ��
– ��< ��% ���% �' � � ��� �� ���% � �/ �5 ! ! �3
• # �� ��������' �� � ���& ��� ������ ���� ' ���� � ���' �B � $� ��� � �� �% ' � ��������� & ����5 ! �3 �B. ��% ��� � �����C� � �$���% � �� $�� � �� ��� � ���' �� � � �� ���& ���� � ��� ��� � �� � � ��� ��% ���� ������ ���
– ��< ��% ���% �' � � ��� �� ���% � �/ �D ! ! �3
• �% �' � � �E� � ������ ������ ���� � � � � �& �/ �� ! ! �3
– ) � �� �� � � �8 ���� ��� $��� ���� ' ����� � ����� � � % �& �� ��% �
– ? � � � �� � ���� �������% ����� ������ ���� � � �/ �5 ! ! �3
• 2 �� �� � ��� �� �$ ����� �� ����� ���� � ��� � �� % ��$% � �� � �� �% & � � ��� �� ���� & �$� � �. �. ��� �� � �% ���& � �' �
12 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
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• The proposed SNS target includes several layers of defense:• Seismic qualification for core vessel components and target• Primary cooling system with UPS low flow capability• Independent backup (UPS) cooling within structural shell
• 3 mm diameter holes on 30 spacing• 1 m/s water flow ( ~ 10 gpm total)
• Passive radiation and gas conduction to reflector assemblies• 5 mm gaps to reflector/shielding assemblies• 0.8 emissivity coating on target and reflectors
Backup Cooling Channels
TargetSegments
13 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
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• ; < � �����3 � � ���' �� � $ � � & �$� � ��� ���& � � ����� $�� % �� � ���� ���& �� �� �������� ��� �����
• 3 �� � �3 � � ���' �� � � � �& � ��% �� ��� � � �� �� �� �� ���% � � ���& �� �� � � � ��� � ��$��� ��� � � � ���& ��� � ���' ���� � ��� �� �� �� ����' �8 � �
External Cooling
Center Cooling
? �� �� �� ���% � �+3 -
? �� �. �� � �
�? �
; < � �����3 � � ���' 1 ! 1 � !
3 �� � �3 � � ���' � D ! � � !
Comparison for Gaussian Beam
Neutronic Performance loss with center cooling < 3%
14 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
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Peak = 152 0C30 0C water inlet temperature25 l/s flow
15 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
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Thermal Hydraulic Conditions for Flat Profile, 60rpm, 0.1s after pulse
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Distance Along Flow Channel (cm)
Tem
pera
ture
(C)
0.00E+00
2.00E+05
4.00E+05
6.00E+05
8.00E+05
1.00E+06
1.20E+06
1.40E+06
Hea
t Fl
ux (W
/m^2
)
Water TemperatureSurface TemperatureHeat Flux
16 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
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5 bar pressureGravity & inertiaFlat beam profile~ 210 MPa peak Von Mises
17 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
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4 ���. � ��
� � ����� ��. � & �+� � �-
��< ��% ��� �� ��+F3 -
��< ��% ��� � �
? � ����� ���. �� � � ����2 �+�? �-
��< ��% ��� � �
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+�? �-
� �% � � ��� 1 ! � D ! � � " 5 "
� ���( $$
� �% � � ���
1 ! ! � � � D �
��� 1 ! � � ! � � ! 5 1
��� � ! � G � � ! G 5 !
All stress levels are well below 500 MPa unirradiated tungsten yield or 180 MPa Tantalum yield and have margin for fatigue and irradiation effects
18 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
!��1����� ������� �������/�2 "
3 � �� � � �� � �% � � ����� �� ����� ��
��� ' ��� � � ��+. . 1 � � -
� �" 5 �& � �E� � �� �& � �E�
������% �����& & ��' �D �& � �E� � �� �& � �E�
�% �' � � ��� % �� 1 �� �& � �E� � �& � �E�
�� & ���� � �� �� % ��% � �+# �� ! � � -
� �& � �E� � � �& � �E�
5000 Beam Hours = 1 year
19 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
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• This arrangement provides for hands-on maintenance access after a few days of decay time.
• The drive unit can be replaced without removing the target module
• Potential water or grease leaks from rotating seals outside of vessel
• The drive, seal and bearings are located away from the high radiation area. Activated target cooling water is expected to generate approximately 1 G/hr in the drive enclosure during beam-on operations.
Water Coupling
Backup Cooling Coupling
Proton Beam Window Module
Reflector
Moderators
Rotating Target
Core Vessel
Proton Beam
20 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
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• �� ���� ' ���� & % � �����% & � �G ! ����& �� ' � ��� ��� � � � % & ���& ��< � �
• 3 � �� ��� ���� �� � ���� �& ��� ��< � �� ����� H % �� �& �$$ � �������� ����� < � ��� �� ���
��� �� �����
Concentric ShaftChannelsGun Drilled Hub
Tantalum CladTungsten Blocks
Circumferential Manifolds
Shroud CoolingChannels
21 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
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Mechanical Seals
Intermediate seal ring
Ports on Shaft
Upper Bearing
Upper Section Lower Section
Graphite packing seal with intermediate gas injection
Lower Bearing
Drive/Target Joint
22 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
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• �� ���$ � < � ������� $��� ���� ' ���� �5 ��� �� � �� � �$� � �� ! �& � ������� �$� � ���� ��& � � �
• �� � < � �� & ���$ �� $��� ��� & ���� � � ��� �/ �� � �� �+� ! �& � �-I��� % � ������ ���� � � ������� �� � ���� ��� ������ ���� ���� � � �� $��� ��� � ��� � �� �� � �
• �� ��� � � ��� & ���� � ��� ����� � & �% �& � ��� �� � �����' ���� ' �
• # ��� � ����8 ���� ��� �% & �� � % �� & ������ �� � ���� ��� $���� � � �8 � ��������� ���� % �� & ��� & ���� � ��� � �� ��� � � ���� � & �% � �� �� ���� $��� ���� ' ��
• �� �� ��� �$�' % ����� ��� % � � � � �� ���& �� �& % ����� & ���� � ��� ��' �� % ����& ������ ���� �� ��� � % ����� � $ � ��' �� ��� ��� ���� ' ��
Proton Beam
Moderator Cart
23 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
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Mechanical water sealWater boundary tube
Support frame
24 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
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Monolith Maintenance CellsRails for target cask
ModeratorService Cell
RemovableShielding
The use of curved beam guides is expected to eliminate the need for large vertical shutters within the monolith
25 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
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• 2 �� � ���& �' �� E� ��% % ��� ��� �� ��� �� � �����' �� � �$�
• , ���� ���� �� � ���$� � �� $$��� �������� �
• ? � � ������$� � ���� ��� ��� � �� �B 2 E� � ������ ������ �����E��� ���� ������ ��= �� �$ �� � ��% ���� �
• ����� ���� �$� � ���� ' ���� ' ���� � �� �
• ����� ���� �$� � �J ���� � & K ��� & ���� � � �� ��� ����% �� �� � � � � � ���$ ��� ����� ���� ' �
• # ��� � �� � �� �� �� �� �� � � �� � �� �$� � ��% �' � � ���$� � ��� ��& ����� ��B �� � �& % ��������$� � ��� ��& ����� ������� � �� �� ���% � �
• �% �' � � ���� ������� �& % ���� ����$� � ��� ��& ����� �
• 3 ��& �= ��% �' � � ������ ���� � ����� � ���� ����& �$�� � ������ ��� �� ��H % �
26 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
��� � � #
• 9�������& � �' ��� �% & � � �$� � ���1 ��2 �� � �����' ��% �' � � ����� ' ��& � �' ���� � � & �� ��� � � ��� ��'
– . ��' � ���� �� � �� % �� � ����� � $� ����� ��� �� �� & ��� ���� ��% ����� ' ��
– * � �' ���� ' ����$ �/ �5 � �� � �$� � ���� ! �& � ��������� ����1 � � * �. . ���� �� �� % ��% �
– � ����� ���� � �� �� � � �� � �� �$� � ����� �� � � ���� �& � �' �
– , � �' �� �& � �� � & �$� � �� ��� ���& �� �� ��' �% � ��' ��� �� ��������� ����� � ��� �� � � ���
– �� � ������ ��� $���� � ��& � �� ���& �� ����� & % � �� ��� � &
– ? � � ��������� ' ��� ����� ��& � �' ���� �� � ����& �� �� � �� ��& ���' �� � � � � � &
• . �. ��� �� � �% ���& � �' ��$� � �� �5 ��2 �C% � ��� ��� ���'
27 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
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Rotating target configuration gives about the same neutron performance as STS stationary mercury target ( + 7% for flat profile, + 3% Gaussian profile).
28 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
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• 4 � �� ��� �� � �� �� ��� ���� �� �� �& �$$��% ��� � ������ ��2 ����'
– . � ��& ���� ' �� �� & ��� � �� �� � ��� � ���' �� � ��� �� & % � � �� � $� ����� ���& �� �� �� �' � �& ���� ���� � � � �& �� ��
– * �H % �& �� ������� ' �� ����& � �� � ���� ������ �� � � � �� ����& �� � � � � � & ���$ �$� � �� � � � ��� % �� �� � ����� ����& �� H % �� � < � �� �� �� �� � �� ��& ���' �$� � ��� �� � � � � � ��� � � ������ ����
• � � �����' �� � ��& ���� ' ��& � �' �� �� $$ � ��% �� ��� �' � ���$ ��� � ���� � � ��� ��' �� ����' ���& ��� �� � � ������� $�� �� � �� % �� � ����� � $� ����� �� ��% � �� $�� �' � � ���� ' ��& �� ���
� � ��� B, �� �% � � ����� ����� ������ �� $�� �� ���� ' ��$�% �� �$� � �� ����� ����� � � % � �� � �����' ���
• R= sqrt(ππππ/2)*D/σσσσhorizontal
– For D ~ 1 m and σσσσhorizontal ~ 50 mm this gives factors of ~ 25 increase in life and reduction in average heating