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ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. SNS Studies towards a rotating solid target

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SNS Studies towards a rotating solid target.Thomas McManamy (SNS)

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Page 1: ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. SNS Studies towards a rotating solid target

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Page 2: ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. SNS Studies towards a rotating solid target

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Page 3: ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. SNS Studies towards a rotating solid target

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Page 4: ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. SNS Studies towards a rotating solid target

4 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy

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2 Proton Beam Profiles Studied2-D Gaussian:

Vertical Sigma - 1.5 cmHorizontal Sigma - 4.5 cm

Flat:Vertical: 6 cmHorizontal: 18 cm

Proton Energy: 1.3 GeVRepetition rate: 20 Hz

Target ConfigurationTungsten & Ta clad height 7 cmDiameter 1.2 mTungsten & Ta clad radial depth 25 cmD2O Channel heights 1.5 mmSteel shroud thickness 1 cm

Page 5: ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. SNS Studies towards a rotating solid target

5 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy

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protons

Vertical cut

Horizontal cutOn mid-plane

* Lower moderator not modeled

*

Horizontal cutThrough moderator

Beryllium

H2

W ss

1.5 mm D20 cooling channels

H20

Page 6: ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. SNS Studies towards a rotating solid target

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• H2 radius 11cm

• H2 height 12 cm

• Moderator axis with regard to target nose: 11 cm

• Target height: 7 cm

• Step Location of central cooling channel: 7.5 cm

An optimized Para-hydrogen moderator configuration and center cooling channel step location in the target was calculated with MCNPX for maximum moderator brightness

Rotating target configuration gave nearly the same cold moderator brightness as the STS mercury target ( + 7% for flat profile, + 3% Gaussian profile).

Page 7: ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. SNS Studies towards a rotating solid target

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Bulk tungsten Central Tantalum Cladding

Central D2O Channel

Page 8: ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. SNS Studies towards a rotating solid target

8 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy

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.5 mm clad

1 MW

Page 9: ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. SNS Studies towards a rotating solid target

9 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy

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Tungsten & cladSteel hub

Stainless Steel Shell

.1 m.3 m.6 m

.035 m

1.5 mm gas gap with radiation ( ε = 0.2 all internal surfaces) and water vapor or air

Gas conduction – 5 mm gap to 50 C surface plus radiation ( ε = 0.8 all external surfaces)

k=1.5 w/m-k ( 10% steel ribs)

12 mm

Nu=3

5 mm

Shaft

18 kW uniform heat generation

Page 10: ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. SNS Studies towards a rotating solid target

10 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy

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x

y

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.60.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

0.55

500450400350300250200150100

Temp (°C)

Page 11: ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. SNS Studies towards a rotating solid target

11 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy

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– ���' ��� & ' � �� ���� �� � �� �� � �� ��% ����� ��� �� ���% �

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– ��< ��% ���% �' � � ��� �� ���% � �/ �D ! ! �3

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Page 12: ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. SNS Studies towards a rotating solid target

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• The proposed SNS target includes several layers of defense:• Seismic qualification for core vessel components and target• Primary cooling system with UPS low flow capability• Independent backup (UPS) cooling within structural shell

• 3 mm diameter holes on 30 spacing• 1 m/s water flow ( ~ 10 gpm total)

• Passive radiation and gas conduction to reflector assemblies• 5 mm gaps to reflector/shielding assemblies• 0.8 emissivity coating on target and reflectors

Backup Cooling Channels

TargetSegments

Page 13: ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. SNS Studies towards a rotating solid target

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• 3 �� � �3 � � ���' �� � � � �& � ��% �� ��� � � �� �� �� �� ���% � � ���& �� �� � � � ��� � ��$��� ��� � � � ���& ��� � ���' ���� � ��� �� �� �� ����' �8 � �

External Cooling

Center Cooling

? �� �� �� ���% � �+3 -

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; < � �����3 � � ���' 1 ! 1 � !

3 �� � �3 � � ���' � D ! � � !

Comparison for Gaussian Beam

Neutronic Performance loss with center cooling < 3%

Page 14: ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. SNS Studies towards a rotating solid target

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Peak = 152 0C30 0C water inlet temperature25 l/s flow

Page 15: ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. SNS Studies towards a rotating solid target

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Thermal Hydraulic Conditions for Flat Profile, 60rpm, 0.1s after pulse

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Distance Along Flow Channel (cm)

Tem

pera

ture

(C)

0.00E+00

2.00E+05

4.00E+05

6.00E+05

8.00E+05

1.00E+06

1.20E+06

1.40E+06

Hea

t Fl

ux (W

/m^2

)

Water TemperatureSurface TemperatureHeat Flux

Page 16: ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. SNS Studies towards a rotating solid target

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5 bar pressureGravity & inertiaFlat beam profile~ 210 MPa peak Von Mises

Page 17: ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. SNS Studies towards a rotating solid target

17 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy

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All stress levels are well below 500 MPa unirradiated tungsten yield or 180 MPa Tantalum yield and have margin for fatigue and irradiation effects

Page 18: ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. SNS Studies towards a rotating solid target

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3 � �� � � �� � �% � � ����� �� ����� ��

��� ' ��� � � ��+. . 1 � � -

� �" 5 �& � �E� � �� �& � �E�

������% �����& & ��' �D �& � �E� � �� �& � �E�

�% �' � � ��� % �� 1 �� �& � �E� � �& � �E�

�� & ���� � �� �� % ��% � �+# �� ! � � -

� �& � �E� � � �& � �E�

5000 Beam Hours = 1 year

Page 19: ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. SNS Studies towards a rotating solid target

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• This arrangement provides for hands-on maintenance access after a few days of decay time.

• The drive unit can be replaced without removing the target module

• Potential water or grease leaks from rotating seals outside of vessel

• The drive, seal and bearings are located away from the high radiation area. Activated target cooling water is expected to generate approximately 1 G/hr in the drive enclosure during beam-on operations.

Water Coupling

Backup Cooling Coupling

Proton Beam Window Module

Reflector

Moderators

Rotating Target

Core Vessel

Proton Beam

Page 20: ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. SNS Studies towards a rotating solid target

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• �� ���� ' ���� & % � �����% & � �G ! ����& �� ' � ��� ��� � � � % & ���& ��< � �

• 3 � �� ��� ���� �� � ���� �& ��� ��< � �� ����� H % �� �& �$$ � �������� ����� < � ��� �� ���

��� �� �����

Concentric ShaftChannelsGun Drilled Hub

Tantalum CladTungsten Blocks

Circumferential Manifolds

Shroud CoolingChannels

Page 21: ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. SNS Studies towards a rotating solid target

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Mechanical Seals

Intermediate seal ring

Ports on Shaft

Upper Bearing

Upper Section Lower Section

Graphite packing seal with intermediate gas injection

Lower Bearing

Drive/Target Joint

Page 22: ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. SNS Studies towards a rotating solid target

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• �� ���$ � < � ������� $��� ���� ' ���� �5 ��� �� � �� � �$� � �� ! �& � ������� �$� � ���� ��& � � �

• �� � < � �� & ���$ �� $��� ��� & ���� � � ��� �/ �� � �� �+� ! �& � �-I��� % � ������ ���� � � ������� �� � ���� ��� ������ ���� ���� � � �� $��� ��� � ��� � �� �� � �

• �� ��� � � ��� & ���� � ��� ����� � & �% �& � ��� �� � �����' ���� ' �

• # ��� � ����8 ���� ��� �% & �� � % �� & ������ �� � ���� ��� $���� � � �8 � ��������� ���� % �� & ��� & ���� � ��� � �� ��� � � ���� � & �% � �� �� ���� $��� ���� ' ��

• �� �� ��� �$�' % ����� ��� % � � � � �� ���& �� �& % ����� & ���� � ��� ��' �� % ����& ������ ���� �� ��� � % ����� � $ � ��' �� ��� ��� ���� ' ��

Proton Beam

Moderator Cart

Page 23: ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. SNS Studies towards a rotating solid target

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Mechanical water sealWater boundary tube

Support frame

Page 24: ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. SNS Studies towards a rotating solid target

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Monolith Maintenance CellsRails for target cask

ModeratorService Cell

RemovableShielding

The use of curved beam guides is expected to eliminate the need for large vertical shutters within the monolith

Page 25: ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. SNS Studies towards a rotating solid target

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• 2 �� � ���& �' �� E� ��% % ��� ��� �� ��� �� � �����' �� � �$�

• , ���� ���� �� � ���$� � �� $$��� �������� �

• ? � � ������$� � ���� ��� ��� � �� �B 2 E� � ������ ������ �����E��� ���� ������ ��= �� �$ �� � ��% ���� �

• ����� ���� �$� � ���� ' ���� ' ���� � �� �

• ����� ���� �$� � �J ���� � & K ��� & ���� � � �� ��� ����% �� �� � � � � � ���$ ��� ����� ���� ' �

• # ��� � �� � �� �� �� �� �� � � �� � �� �$� � ��% �' � � ���$� � ��� ��& ����� ��B �� � �& % ��������$� � ��� ��& ����� ������� � �� �� ���% � �

• �% �' � � ���� ������� �& % ���� ����$� � ��� ��& ����� �

• 3 ��& �= ��% �' � � ������ ���� � ����� � ���� ����& �$�� � ������ ��� �� ��H % �

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26 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy

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• 9�������& � �' ��� �% & � � �$� � ���1 ��2 �� � �����' ��% �' � � ����� ' ��& � �' ���� � � & �� ��� � � ��� ��'

– . ��' � ���� �� � �� % �� � ����� � $� ����� ��� �� �� & ��� ���� ��% ����� ' ��

– * � �' ���� ' ����$ �/ �5 � �� � �$� � ���� ! �& � ��������� ����1 � � * �. . ���� �� �� % ��% �

– � ����� ���� � �� �� � � �� � �� �$� � ����� �� � � ���� �& � �' �

– , � �' �� �& � �� � & �$� � �� ��� ���& �� �� ��' �% � ��' ��� �� ��������� ����� � ��� �� � � ���

– �� � ������ ��� $���� � ��& � �� ���& �� ����� & % � �� ��� � &

– ? � � ��������� ' ��� ����� ��& � �' ���� �� � ����& �� �� � �� ��& ���' �� � � � � � &

• . �. ��� �� � �% ���& � �' ��$� � �� �5 ��2 �C% � ��� ��� ���'

Page 27: ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. SNS Studies towards a rotating solid target

27 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy

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Rotating target configuration gives about the same neutron performance as STS stationary mercury target ( + 7% for flat profile, + 3% Gaussian profile).

Page 28: ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. SNS Studies towards a rotating solid target

28 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy

���������� � ��������� ���• 7 �' � �? � � � �. � ������� ����� ' �� ��� �& �� �� �� �� ��� �� & �

� ���� �� � ��� � � & �� ��� �� � �� � & �& � �' �� �� � ���H % �& �� ������

• 4 � �� ��� �� � �� �� ��� ���� �� �� �& �$$��% ��� � ������ ��2 ����'

– . � ��& ���� ' �� �� & ��� � �� �� � ��� � ���' �� � ��� �� & % � � �� � $� ����� ���& �� �� �� �' � �& ���� ���� � � � �& �� ��

– * �H % �& �� ������� ' �� ����& � �� � ���� ������ �� � � � �� ����& �� � � � � � & ���$ �$� � �� � � � ��� % �� �� � ����� ����& �� H % �� � < � �� �� �� �� � �� ��& ���' �$� � ��� �� � � � � � ��� � � ������ ����

• � � �����' �� � ��& ���� ' ��& � �' �� �� $$ � ��% �� ��� �' � ���$ ��� � ���� � � ��� ��' �� ����' ���& ��� �� � � ������� $�� �� � �� % �� � ����� � $� ����� �� ��% � �� $�� �' � � ���� ' ��& �� ���

� � ��� B, �� �% � � ����� ����� ������ �� $�� �� ���� ' ��$�% �� �$� � �� ����� ����� � � % � �� � �����' ���

• R= sqrt(ππππ/2)*D/σσσσhorizontal

– For D ~ 1 m and σσσσhorizontal ~ 50 mm this gives factors of ~ 25 increase in life and reduction in average heating