Energy

Introduction1

Causes and Effects

2

Solutions3

Conclusion4

Definition: Energy crisis is a situation in which the nation suffers

from a disruption of energy supplies (e.g., oil) accompanied by rapidly increasing energy prices that threaten economic and national security.

Concept:An energy crisis is any great bottleneck (or price

rise) in the supply of energy resources to an economy.

Representation:Oil crisis, petroleum crisis, energy shortage,

electricity shortage or electricity crisis.

Actuality:With theDevelopmentof economy,more and moreenergy is needed.

Source: National Geographic

This is whatThis is what

HAPPENINGHAPPENING

around......around......

1. That one must almost always consume fuel and dirtily provide EM energy and power has failed.

2. Economic collapses and more intensive global changes are looming. With additional severe drought and water shortages, and increasing changes and violence in climate and weather.

3. Most energy is presently obtained by “dirty” methods. Hence as energy production increases, so do harmful combustion byproducts, nuclear wastes, and biospheric contamination—as well as global warming. Such as coal and oil combustion, consumption of nuclear fuel rods, etc.

4. Applying it has caused—and thus cannot solve:

(a) the escalating world fuel crisis

(b) the escalating energy crisis

(c) its accompanying and escalating global warming, climate change, and biospheric

pollution crises.

Mid-East Oil

Russia

Canada

Qbtu 2007 2030USA 39 45

Qbtu 2007 2030China 15 48

As per IEA:The world has to invest $30 Trillion by 2030 to tap new oilfields as current ones dwindle to meet the increased demand.

INCREASED DEMAND FOR LIMITED RESOURCES OF FOSSIL OILWILL ESCALATE PRICES AND INCREASE ENERGY SECURITY ISSUES EXPONENTIALLY

Intake figures are in Quadrillion BtuNumber of years if current oil consumptionProjections by EIA are followed Black Arrows are reliable sources to USA

Red Arrows are not so reliable sources to USAUSA prosperity will hit a wall every-time economy heats upEconomic volatility & confrontations will escalate even more.

NigeriaVenezuela

Wall Street Article Nov 14th 2008

World: Years of Oil leftYear intake No new 100% new

2007 170 45 91 2030 229 27 54

Without imports US runs out of oil rapidly

11

A STATUS QUO GLOBAL ENERGY SNAPSHOTImplications of Key Dynamics Shaping

Energy & Climate Tsunami

Energy Consumption in Quadrillion BtuChina will consume more energy than USA by 2030

‘06 pop. 307M ‘06 pop. 1,280M

3rd in 1990 to 3rd in 2030

1st in 1990 to 2nd in 2030

The Debate: per capita or

absolute

On per Capita Basis:USA emitted 5 times more CO2 than China in 2006and will STILL emit twice as much in 2030UNLESS WE CHANGE THE WAY WE GENERATE ENERGY

CO2 Emissions Million tons/yr1990 2010 2030

USA 4,989 6,011 6,851China 2,241 6,898 12,007OECD Europe 4,101 4,512 4,834World 21,226 28,051 42,325

QBtu

CAUSE

EFFECT

Per Capita Data

Climate Change: Our Kids Survival at Stake1950 2006 2030 2050

CO2 PPM 280 380 500? 800?

www.themegallery.com

We have experience the energy crisis before:

1972/73 – The Oil Embargo by Arab producing oil countries (Blackmail weapon)

1978 – Iran/Iraq War

1990 – The Gulf War

2000/01 – California electricity crisis

Etc.

Why Crude Oil Price is increasing sharply ?

1. Increase in world consumption.

2. Rapid demand in major Asian Countries.

3. Control of supply by oil producing countries.

4. Disrupted supply due to other circumstances by oil producing countries.

5. Weak American currency.

6. Institutional investors – index speculators and hedge

Ref: Dato’ Dr.Abdul Aziz b. Jamaluddin, 2008; The Energy Crisis: The Way Forward; Department of Veterinary Services.Ref: Dato’ Dr.Abdul Aziz b. Jamaluddin, 2008; The Energy Crisis: The Way Forward; Department of Veterinary Services.

YearPrice/ Barrel

($)

2000 30.29

2001 25.97

2002 26.05

2003 30.95

2004 41.37

2005 56.79

2006 66.54

2007 71.05

2008

(March)98.13

1. Tax on fuel for road use is made up of two elements, that is, fuel duty and value added tax.

2. Historically, fuel duty was increased annually, broadly in line with inflation. By year 2000, tax accounted for 81.5% of the total cost of unleaded petrol, up from 72.8% in 1993.

3. Fuel prices in the UK had risen from being amongst the cheapest in Europe to being the most expensive in the same time frame.

4. The protesters said that higher transport costs in the UK were making it difficult for haulage industry to remain competitive.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_protests_in_the_United_Kingdom

Why California had an electricity Crisis ?

1. In-state power output failed to keep up with demand – did not build any new power plants although the population increased by 13%.

2. Government price caps – by keeping the consumer price of electricity artificial low, the California government discouraged citizen from practicing conservation.

3. New regulations - The new rules called for the Investor Owned Utilities to sell off a significant part of their electricity generation to wholly private, unregulated companies.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_electricity_crisis

Since 2004, the Argentine energy sector is going through an important crisis as a consequence of the natural gas shortage, fixed energy tariffs, a cap on energy prices, and no investments in increasing energy generation, since 1999.

Lack of Investments in the Electrical System.

Economic Growth - Since 2003, Argentina has been growing at a rate of 7 to 8 percent annually. This resulted in larger electricity consumption without a corresponding increase in the generation capacity.

Natural Gas and Diesel Deficit.

Freeze Tariffs. Electricity tariffs remain frozen since 2001

Ref: Julio Campos (LATAM) and Georgina Benedetti (NA), Feb 2008; Argentine Energy Crisis; Frost Sullivan

High Confidence in Regional Energy Integration.

Extreme Temperatures caused by Global Warming - Argentina's winter of 2007 was the harshest in 45 years, and is having one of the hottest summers in the decade.

Low Hydrology in Argentina - from November 2007 to April 2008, a decrease in the rainfall is expected, as a consequence of "La Niña" meteorological effect in the Pacific Ocean.

Ref: Julio Campos (LATAM) and Georgina Benedetti (NA), Feb 2008; Argentine Energy Crisis; Frost Sullivan

2008 Central Asia energy crisis - caused by abnormally cold temperatures and low water levels in an area dependent on hydroelectric power.

South African electrical crisis - large price rises for platinum in February 2008 and reduced gold production.

China energy crisis towards the end of 2005 and again in early 2008 - they suffered severe damage to power networks along with diesel and coal shortages.

United Kingdom energy crisis - coal fired power stations reduced, politician's unwillingness to set up new nuclear power stations.

Zimbabwe has experienced a shortage of energy supplies for many years due to financial mismanagement.

Malaysia - ???

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_crisis

Raw Material Year (RM/MT)

2001 2003 2005 2007

Corn 467 530 595 879

Soybean meal (local) 880 995 1102 1218

Soybean meal (imported)

873 973 1047 1207

Fish meal 1388 1524 1929 2225

Corn gluten meal 1450 1513 1500 1946

Wheat Pollard 295 356 403 598

Palm kernel cake 124 199 172 528

Crude palm oil 975 1615 1443 2433

Raw Material Prices

1 2

Electricity consumers may experience intentionally-engineered rolling blackouts during periods of insufficient supply or unexpected power outages

New technology and energy efficiency measures become desirable for consumers seeking to decrease transport costs.

Social

Effects

3 4

Industrialized nations which dependent on oil

would have an adverse effect on the economies of oil producers.

Economic

effects

• Tourism

• The development

of coastal area

Potential Energy Choices (1985-2010): Energy Demands in the Developing Countries: prospects for the future. The World Bank Washington, D.C

Social & Economic Effects Effects on Construction Industry Implication on Energy Efficiency Measures Potential Energy Supply Constraints: Energy

Demands in the Developing Countries (Brazil, China,India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand) by The World Bank

Source: Mudassar Imran, Philip Barnes. Energy Demands in the Developing Countries: prospects for the future. The World Bank Washington, D.C.



Because energy is the resource used to exploit all other resources. The macroeconomic implications of a supply shock-induced energy crisis are large,

When energy markets fail, an energy shortage develops.

Electricity consumers may experience intentionally-engineered rolling blackouts which are released during periods of insufficient supply or unexpected power outages, regardless of the cause.

Industrialized nations are dependent on oil, and efforts to restrict the supply of oil would have an adverse effect on the economies of oil producers.

For the consumer, the price of natural gas, gasoline (petrol) and diesel for cars and other vehicles rises.

An early response from stakeholders is the call for reports, investigations and commissions into the price of fuels.

There are also movements towards the development of more sustainable urban infrastructure.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_crisis

Due to worsening energy crisis, power shortage will

soon begin threatening new building projects.

Electricity shortages and skyrocketing energy prices

could end up delaying or killing new housing projects.

The contrast on the supply of energy will ultimately

work to constrain the permitting of real estate

development projects, and in doing so, may cause

housing shortage.

In the market, new technology and energy efficiency measures become

desirable for consumers seeking to decrease transport costs.

Examples include:

In 1980 Briggs & Stratton developed the first gasoline hybrid electric

automobile; also are appearing plug-in hybrids.

the growth of advanced biofuels.

innovations like the Dahon, a folding bicycle

modernized and electrifying passenger transport

Railway electrification systems and new engines such as the Ganz-

Mavag locomotive

variable compression ratio for vehicles

(with reference to the US)

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_crisis

Other responses include the development of unconventional oil sources

such as synthetic fuel from places like the Athabasca Oil Sands, more

renewable energy commercialization and use of alternative propulsion.

There may be a Relocation trend towards local foods and possibly

microgeneration, solar thermal collectors and other green energy

sources.

Tourism trends change and ownership of gas-guzzlers vary, both because

of increases to fuel costs which are passed on to customers.

Items which were not so popular gain favour, such as nuclear power

plants and the blanket sleeper, a garment to keep children warm.

Building construction techniques change to reduce heating costs,

potentially through increased insulation

Energy demand in Developing Countries……(Brazil, China,India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan,

Philippines, Thailand) ……by The World Bank

Energy supply is a serious constraint in many countries reviewed

Brazil – 40% public investment in early 1980’s was for domestic energy investment

China – huge pent-up demand for energy which is severely controlled by supply

Pakistan – stagnation in growth of gas supplies led to severe gas shortages.

Resulting in electricity shortages & increased oil imports Other examples:

From a single nuclear plant that supplies electricity to the state of Rajasthan, India to the crippling effect of oil import bills in 5 out of the 8 countries reviewed

1970s- early 1980s – in most countries, oil exporters & importers, promoted policies to diversify away from oil

And to increase access to indigenous sources of energy. Not universally successful, but these policies broadened the

supply base & provided foundation for future diversification. Cost effective development of energy resources is vital for

successful economic development. In most countries reviewed, (Malaysia, Indonesia, India) pricing

policies are changing to reduce discrimination between producers and consumers

Domestic prices are being aligned to world market prices to reflect the scarcity values of the resources.

This is expected to contribute to the development of the energy sector in most of the countries.


Oil Was Used To Manufacture Every Item In This Photograph

ENERGY ENERGY CRISISCRISIS

Government has to concentrate on the distribution and transmission of power system, because there is lot of potential available.

Government has to motivate and educate the top management personal to minimize the power wastage.

As the saving of 1% of power of our country, it is more than 1000M.W. it’s requested all the concerned power lost concentrate and give our cooperation for the concerned to save or minimise the waste of power

Even from the project time onwards, it may be another request not to use or encourage inefficient utilities, equipments and processes.

There are rules and regulation for every sectors in the industry to be obey for the minimum energy consumption towards the impact of energy crisis to the society.

We should minimize the usage of energy by using low energy consumption devices to contribute at least a little and it will be a lot of energy saved if every houses do so.

Renewable energy will play a major role in the energy industry of the twenty-first century and beyond.

British Petroleum, Royal Dutch/Shell for example, and other companies are investing heavily in renewable sources of energy.

Industry experts realize that these alternative energy systems not only help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but they predict that over the next half century, renewables may grow to supply half the world's energy.

(Dohn Riley -November-December, 2000 Infinite Energy Magazine Issue #34)

Successfully generating electricity by harnessing the perpetual power of the Sun and wind is not only technologically feasible, it is already a reality.

Hydroelectric is also one of the renewable energy resources. (no longer considered environmentally benign sources of power)

Solar power relies on the energy produced by nuclear fusion in the Sun.

This “God given” energy can be collected and converted in different ways, such as simple water heating for domestic use or by the direct conversion of sunlight to electrical energy using mirrors, boilers, or photovoltaic cells.

(Dohn Riley -November-December, 2000 Infinite Energy Magazine Issue #34)

The technology is improving and the economics are getting more competitive.

Photovoltaic panels don't generate electricity at night, but they can be used to produce hydrogen in the daytime, which can then be stored.

As of October 2009, the largest photovoltaic (PV) power plants in the world are the Olmedilla Photovoltaic Park (Spain, 60 MW) (It produces enough electricity to power more than 40,000 homes)

Strasskirchen Solar Park (Germany, 54 MW) the Lieberose Photovoltaic Park (Germany, 53 MW) Puertollano Photovoltaic Park (Spain, 50 MW) Moura photovoltaic power station (Portugal, 46 MW) Waldpolenz Solar Park (Germany, 40 MW) Nellis Solar Power Plant (located within Nellis Air Force

Base in Clark County, Nevada) Serpa solar power plan (Serpa, Portugal)

Some photovoltaic power stations which are presently proposed will have a capacity of 150 MW or more, for the idea of converting unrenewaeble energy resources to renewable energy resources supply.

Many of these plants are integrated with agriculture and some use innovative tracking systems that follow the sun's daily path across the sky to generate more electricity than conventional fixed-mounted systems.

There are no fuel costs or emissions during operation of the power stations.

Humans have been harnessing the wind for thousands of years, and are now cleanly producing electricity with it.

Air flowing through turbines or spinning blades generates power that can be used to pump water or generate electricity.

But wind power has some drawbacks; a "wind farm" requires extensive areal coverage to produce significant amounts of energy.

http://www.newswiretoday.com/news/50910/

But it can be overcome by placing “wind farm” offshore which consist of a very large area for it, as well as the wind speed is sufficient to turn the turbine. (wind generators are practical if windspeed is 16 km/h or greater)

In May 2009, consultancy Frost & Sullivan estimated that installed capacity of offshore wind power would grow to 18,769 MW by 2015.

http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/List_of_offshore_wind_farms

Farm Installed capacity (MW) Country

Adair Wind Farm 175 USA Altamont Pass Wind Farm 596 USA Alto Minho Wind Farm 240 Portugal Anse-à-Valleau Wind Farm 100 Canada Arada-Montemuro Wind Farm 112 Portugal Ashtabula Wind Farm 196 USA Barton Wind Farm 160 USA Barton Chapel Wind Farm 120 USA Bear Mountain Wind Park 102 Canada Benton County Wind Farm 130 USA Big Horn Wind Farm 200 USA Biglow Canyon Wind Farm 275 USA Bii Stinu Wind Farm 164 Mexico

page 1 of onshore wind farm

Black Law Wind Farm 124 UK Bliss Wind Farm 100 USA Blue Canyon Wind Farm 225 USA Blue Sky Green Field Wind Farm 145

USA Brazos Wind Farm 160 USA Buffalo Gap Wind Farm 523 USA Buffalo Ridge Wind Farm 225 USA Bull Creek Wind Farm 180 USA Callahan Divide Wind Farm 114 USA Camp Grove Wind Farm 150 USA Camp Springs Wind Farm 130 USA Capital Wind Farm 140 Australia Capricorn Ridge Wind Farm 662 USA

Carroll Wind Farm 150 USA Cedar Creek Wind Farm 300 USA Centennial Wind Farm 120 USA Centennial Wind Power Facility 150

Canada Century Wind Farm 150 USA Champion Wind Farm 126 USA Colorado Green Wind Farm 162 USA Crystal Lake Wind Farm 350 USA Crystal Rig Wind Farm 180 UK Danjinghe Wind Farm 200 China Desert Sky Wind Farm 160 USA Dutch Hill/Cohocton Wind Farm 125 USA El Marquesado Wind Farm 198 Spain Elbow Creek Wind Project 122 USA Elk River Wind Farm 150 USA


Enbridge Ontario Wind Farm 181 Canada

Eurus Wind Farm 250 Mexico Fântânele Wind Farm 600 Romania Fenton Wind Farm 206 USA Forest Creek Wind Farm 124 USA Forward Wind Energy Center 129 USA Fowler Ridge Wind Farm 750 USA Gardunha Wind Farm 106 Portugal Glacier Wind Farm 210 USA Glenrock Wind Farm 118.5 USA Goodland I 130 USA Gray County Wind Farm 102 USA Green Mt. Energy Wind Farm 160 USA Gulf Wind Farm 283 USA

Hackberry Wind Farm 165 USA Hadyard Hill Wind Farm 120 UK High Winds Wind Farm 162 USA Higueruela Wind Farm 161 Spain Hopkins Ridge Wind Farm 149 USA Horse Hollow Wind Energy Center 736

USA Huitengliang Wind Farm 300 China Intrepid Wind Farm 160 USA Jardin d'Eole Wind Farm 127 Canada Jilin Tongyu Tongfa Wind Farm 100.5

China Judith Gap Wind Farm 135 USA Kibby Wind Power Project 132 USA King Mountain Wind Farm 281 USA Klondike Wind Farm 400 USA


Lake Bonney Wind Farm 239 Australia Langdon Wind Energy Center 159 USA Lone Star Wind Farm 400 USA Maple Ridge Wind Farm 322 USA Maranchon Wind Farm 208 Spain Marengo Wind Farm 140 USA McAdoo Wind Farm 150 USA Melancthon EcoPower Centre 199

Canada Milford Wind Corridor Project 203 USA Mount Storm Wind Farm 264 USA Musselroe Wind Farm 168 Australia NedPower Mount Storm I 164 USA New Mexico Wind Energy Center 204

USA Noble Chateaugay windpark 106 USA

Noble Weathersfield Windpark 126 USA Panther Creek Wind Farm 458 USA Peetz Wind Farm 400 USA Peñascal Wind Farm 202 USA Pine Tree Wind Farm 120 USA Pinhal Interior Wind Farm 144 Portugal Pioneer Prairie Wind Farm 293 USA Pomeroy Wind Farm 196 USA Port Alma Wind Farm 101 Canada Portland Wind Project 195 Australia Prarie Star Wind Farm 100 USA Prince Township Wind Farm 189 Canada Project West Wind 143 New Zealand Rail Splitter Wind Farm 100 USA


Red Hills Wind Farm 123 USA Rolling Hills Wind Farm 118.5 USA Roscoe Wind Farm 781 USA San Gorgonio Pass Wind Farm 619 USA Santo Domingo Wind Farm 160 Mexico Sherbino Wind Farm 750 USA Shiloh Wind Farm 300 USA Sisante Wind Farm 198 Spain Smoky Hills Wind Farm 249 USA Smøla Wind Farm 150 Norway Snowtown Wind Farm 170 Australia St. Leon Project 104 Canada Stanton Energy Center 120 USA Stateline Wind Project 300 USA

Story County Wind Farm 150 USA Sweetwater Wind Farm 585 USA Tararua Wind Farm 161 New Zealand Tatanka Wind Farm 180 USA Tehachapi Pass Wind Farm 685 USA Trent Wind Farm 150 USA Turkey Track Wind Farm 169 USA Twin Groves Wind Farm 396 USA Vankusawade Wind Park 201 India Ventominho Wind Farm 240 Portugal Walnut Wind Farm 153 USA

TOTAL 132 onshore wind farms operating and some under construction.There are around 100 more proposed wind farms project will be carry on soon.


Waubra Wind Farm 192 Australia Wethersfield Wind Park 124 USA Whispering Willow Wind Farm 200 USA White Creek Wind Power Project 204 USA Whitelee Wind Farm 322 UK Wild Horse Wind Farm 229 USA Wildorado Wind Ranch 161 USA Wolfe Island Wind Project 197.8 Canada Woodward Wind Farm 159 USA Woolnorth Wind Farm 140 Australia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_onshore_wind_farms

The 209 MW Horns Rev 2 wind farm in Copenhagen, Denmark is the world's largest offshore wind farm which build on September 17, 2009.

Currently, the largest wind farm which is 500 megawatt (MW) Greater Gabbard wind farm in the UK.

New wind farms which are purposed is 1,500 MW Atlantic Array and the 1,000 MW London Array, both in the UK

Newly technology, floating-turbine technologies are only recently beginning to be deployed.

The first large-capacity floating wind turbine is the Hywind, a 2.3 MW turbine in 220-meter deep water in the North Sea, which became operational in September, 2009

7.5 megawatt electric produced

Or 20 million kilowatt hours per year

This turbine has a rotor diameter of 126 meters

A quick calculation would be average 300 kwh per home per month. For 12 months, that’s 3600 kwh per year per house. That’s 5555 Malaysian homes on one wind turbine.

http://www.treehugger.com/files/2008/06/queen-offshore-wind-turbine-power-clipper.php


World is

probably beyond peak oil and gas

If we are still close, turn around and retreat

Finding new oil and gas takes decades

The facilities need tobe rebuilt.

addicted

It is past time for debating, thecrisis is here. The time to fight isNOW!!

The earth’s energy has peaked andits use will start to disappear

It will never “be gone” but will soon be “far less than needed”


www.themegallery.com http://images.google.com http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_crisis Chen, A. (2006, March 27). Averting an energy crisis. eWeek, 23(13),

33-35. Retrieved July 18, 2009, from Academic Search Premier database.

Lstiburek, J. (2008, July). Energy Security And Saving the Planet. ASHRAE Journal, pp. 61,64. Retrieved July 18, 2009, from Academic Search Premier database.

Hodgson, P. (2008). Nuclear Power and the Energy Crisis. . (pp. 238-246). Intercollegiate Studies Institute. Retrieved July 18, 2009, from Academic Search Premier database.

The Energy Crisis, Papers Submitted to the 9th IOCU World Congress held in London, July 1978

Mudassar Imran, Philip Barnes, World Bank Staff Commodity Working Paper Number 23, Energy Demand in the Developing Countries: Prospects for the Future, The World Bank Washington D.C., 1990

Energy Crisis - by P C Sinha The Coming Energy Crisis (Originally Published November-December,

2000 In Infinite Energy Magazine Issue #34) - by Dohn Riley Frost & Sullivan: Offshore Wind Energy Set to Boom in the Next Few

Years, news release, 2009-05-13 Patel, Prachi (2009-06-22). "Floating Wind Turbines to Be Tested". IEEE

Spectrum. Meet the world's largest offshore windfarm, 22 May 2007 http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/green-tech/wind/floating-wind-turbines-to-

be-tested. Retrieved 2009-06-25. http://www.infinite-energy.com/iemagazine/issue34/

comingenergycrisis.html London Array official site http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Giant_photovoltaic_array.jpg http://www.treehugger.com/files/2008/06/queen-offshore-wind-turbine-

power-clipper.php


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