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DNA ReplicationBy Chandler Emhoff
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Begins when the DNA Helicase (tan) unwinds part of DNA and starts to break the weak Hydrogen bonds connecting the complementary bases.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Begins when the DNA Helicase (tan) unwinds part of DNA and starts to break the weak Hydrogen bonds connecting the complementary bases.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Begins when the DNA Helicase (tan) unwinds part of DNA and starts to break the weak Hydrogen bonds connecting the complementary bases.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Begins when the DNA Helicase (tan) unwinds part of DNA and starts to break the weak Hydrogen bonds connecting the complementary bases.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Begins when the DNA Helicase (tan) unwinds part of DNA and starts to break the weak Hydrogen bonds connecting the complementary bases.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Begins when the DNA Helicase (tan) unwinds part of DNA and starts to break the weak Hydrogen bonds connecting the complementary bases.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Begins when the DNA Helicase (tan) unwinds part of DNA and starts to break the weak Hydrogen bonds connecting the complementary bases.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Begins when the DNA Helicase (tan) unwinds part of DNA and starts to break the weak Hydrogen bonds connecting the complementary bases.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Begins when the DNA Helicase (tan) unwinds part of DNA and starts to break the weak Hydrogen bonds connecting the complementary bases.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Begins when the DNA Helicase (tan) unwinds part of DNA and starts to break the weak Hydrogen bonds connecting the complementary bases.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Begins when the DNA Helicase (tan) unwinds part of DNA and starts to break the weak Hydrogen bonds connecting the complementary bases.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Begins when the DNA Helicase (tan) unwinds part of DNA and starts to break the weak Hydrogen bonds connecting the complementary bases.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Begins when the DNA Helicase (tan) unwinds part of DNA and starts to break the weak Hydrogen bonds connecting the complementary bases.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Begins when the DNA Helicase (tan) unwinds part of DNA and starts to break the weak Hydrogen bonds connecting the complementary bases.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Begins when the DNA Helicase (tan) unwinds part of DNA and starts to break the weak Hydrogen bonds connecting the complementary bases.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Begins when the DNA Helicase (tan) unwinds part of DNA and starts to break the weak Hydrogen bonds connecting the complementary bases.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Begins when the DNA Helicase (tan) unwinds part of DNA and starts to break the weak Hydrogen bonds connecting the complementary bases.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Begins when the DNA Helicase (tan) unwinds part of DNA and starts to break the weak Hydrogen bonds connecting the complementary bases.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Begins when the DNA Helicase (tan) unwinds part of DNA and starts to break the weak Hydrogen bonds connecting the complementary bases.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Single Stranded Binding Proteins (Blue Circles) grabs DNA to keep it from kinking up.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Single Stranded Binding Proteins (Blue Circles) grabs DNA to keep it from kinking up.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Single Stranded Binding Proteins (Blue Circles) grabs DNA to keep it from kinking up.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Single Stranded Binding Proteins (Blue Circles) grabs DNA to keep it from kinking up.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Single Stranded Binding Proteins (Blue Circles) grabs DNA to keep it from kinking up.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Polymerase III (purple octagon) reads the Leading Strand in 3’-5’ and synthesizes in 5’-3’. Finds matching nitrogen bases and pairs them together.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Polymerase III (purple octagon) reads the Leading Strand in 3’-5’ and synthesizes in 5’-3’. Finds matching nitrogen bases and pairs them together.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Polymerase III (purple octagon) reads the Leading Strand in 3’-5’ and synthesizes in 5’-3’. Finds matching nitrogen bases and pairs them together.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Polymerase III (purple octagon) reads the Leading Strand in 3’-5’ and synthesizes in 5’-3’. Finds matching nitrogen bases and pairs them together.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Polymerase III (purple octagon) reads the Leading Strand in 3’-5’ and synthesizes in 5’-3’. Finds matching nitrogen bases and pairs them together.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Polymerase III (purple octagon) reads the Leading Strand in 3’-5’ and synthesizes in 5’-3’. Finds matching nitrogen bases and pairs them together.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Polymerase III (purple octagon) reads the Leading Strand in 3’-5’ and synthesizes in 5’-3’. Finds matching nitrogen bases and pairs them together.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Polymerase III (purple octagon) reads the Leading Strand in 3’-5’ and synthesizes in 5’-3’. Finds matching nitrogen bases and pairs them together.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Polymerase III (purple octagon) reads the Leading Strand in 3’-5’ and synthesizes in 5’-3’. Finds matching nitrogen bases and pairs them together.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Polymerase III (purple octagon) reads the Leading Strand in 3’-5’ and synthesizes in 5’-3’. Finds matching nitrogen bases and pairs them together.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Polymerase III (purple octagon) reads the Leading Strand in 3’-5’ and synthesizes in 5’-3’. Finds matching nitrogen bases and pairs them together.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Polymerase III (purple octagon) reads the Leading Strand in 3’-5’ and synthesizes in 5’-3’. Finds matching nitrogen bases and pairs them together.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Polymerase III (purple octagon) reads the Leading Strand in 3’-5’ and synthesizes in 5’-3’. Finds matching nitrogen bases and pairs them together.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Polymerase III (purple octagon) reads the Leading Strand in 3’-5’ and synthesizes in 5’-3’. Finds matching nitrogen bases and pairs them together.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Polymerase III (purple octagon) reads the Leading Strand in 3’-5’ and synthesizes in 5’-3’. Finds matching nitrogen bases and pairs them together.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Polymerase III (purple octagon) reads the Leading Strand in 3’-5’ and synthesizes in 5’-3’. Finds matching nitrogen bases and pairs them together.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Polymerase III (purple octagon) reads the Leading Strand in 3’-5’ and synthesizes in 5’-3’. Finds matching nitrogen bases and pairs them together.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Polymerase III (purple octagon) reads the Leading Strand in 3’-5’ and synthesizes in 5’-3’. Finds matching nitrogen bases and pairs them together.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Polymerase III (purple octagon) reads the Leading Strand in 3’-5’ and synthesizes in 5’-3’. Finds matching nitrogen bases and pairs them together.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Primase adds a RNA Primer (Purple Rectangle).
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Primase adds a RNA Primer (Purple Rectangle).
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Primase adds a RNA Primer (Purple Rectangle).
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Primase adds a RNA Primer (Purple Rectangle).
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Primase adds a RNA Primer (Purple Rectangle).
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Primase adds a RNA Primer (Purple Rectangle).
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Primase adds a RNA Primer (Purple Rectangle).
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Primase adds a RNA Primer (Purple Rectangle).
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Primase adds a RNA Primer (Purple Rectangle).
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Primase adds a RNA Primer (Purple Rectangle).
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Primase adds a RNA Primer (Purple Rectangle).
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Primase adds a RNA Primer (Purple Rectangle).
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Primase adds a RNA Primer (Purple Rectangle).
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Matching DNA Nitrogen Bases come and connect up to the RNA Primer
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Matching DNA Nitrogen Bases come and connect up to the RNA Primer
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Matching DNA Nitrogen Bases come and connect up to the RNA Primer
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Matching DNA Nitrogen Bases come and connect up to the RNA Primer
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Matching DNA Nitrogen Bases come and connect up to the RNA Primer
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Matching DNA Nitrogen Bases come and connect up to the RNA Primer
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Matching DNA Nitrogen Bases come and connect up to the RNA Primer
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Matching DNA Nitrogen Bases come and connect up to the RNA Primer
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Matching DNA Nitrogen Bases come and connect up to the RNA Primer
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Matching DNA Nitrogen Bases come and connect up to the RNA Primer
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Nitrogen Bases below the Lagging Strand connect to another Lagging Strand.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Nitrogen Bases below the Lagging Strand connect to another Lagging Strand.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Nitrogen Bases below the Lagging Strand connect to another Lagging Strand.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Matching Nitrogen Bases from DNA Replication come down and connect to the Nitrogen Bases above the RNA Primer.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Matching Nitrogen Bases from DNA Replication come down and connect to the Nitrogen Bases above the RNA Primer.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Matching Nitrogen Bases from DNA Replication come down and connect to the Nitrogen Bases above the RNA Primer.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Matching Nitrogen Bases from DNA Replication come down and connect to the Nitrogen Bases above the RNA Primer.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Matching Nitrogen Bases from DNA Replication come down and connect to the Nitrogen Bases above the RNA Primer.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Matching Nitrogen Bases from DNA Replication come down and connect to the Nitrogen Bases above the RNA Primer.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Matching Nitrogen Bases from DNA Replication come down and connect to the Nitrogen Bases above the RNA Primer.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Matching Nitrogen Bases from DNA Replication come down and connect to the Nitrogen Bases above the RNA Primer.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
Matching Nitrogen Bases from DNA Replication come down and connect to the Nitrogen Bases above the RNA Primer.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Polymerase 1 changes the RNA Primer to DNA.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Polymerase 1 changes the RNA Primer to DNA.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Ligase forms Phosphodiester Bonds (green lines) around the newly formed DNA.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Ligase forms Phosphodiester Bonds (green lines) around the newly formed DNA.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
DNA Ligase forms Phosphodiester Bonds (green lines) around the newly formed DNA.
5’
5’3’
3’
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
5’
5’3’
3’The new pair of Nitrogen Bases on the Lagging Strand are called Okazaki Fragments because they are broken in to parts.
AT
C G
KeyThymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Sugar Phosphate
Nucleotide
The new pair of Nitrogen Bases on the Lagging Strand are called Okazaki Fragments because they are broken in to parts.
5’
5’3’
3’
Why DNA Replication Occurs and What are Genetic Mutations
DNA Replication occurs in order to form new cells with the same “instructions” to do the same tasks as other cells. For example, if you need more cells to produce energy, then a cell that is already “programmed” to produce energy replicates itself and then you have to cells to produce energy. Genetic mutations occur when the cell is replicating and a nitrogen base is paired with its noncorresponding nitrogen base such as A-G or C-T. Examples of genetic mutations that occur are most types of cancers, Lou Gehrig's disease, and stopping growing at an extremely young age. Some genetic mutations are very common and happen regularly and they have no major affect on us. Others are very rare and can kill you.
