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1.Lines 6. SHAPE2.Texture3.Form4.Space5.Color
ELEMENTS OF ARTS
Line is defined as a mark that spans a distance between two points (or the path of a moving point), taking any form along the way. As an art element, line pertains to the use of various marks, outlines and implied lines in artwork and design, most often used to define shape in two-dimensional work. Implied line is the path that the viewer's eye takes as it follows shapes, colors, and form along a path, but may not be continuous or physically connected, such as the line created by a dancer's arms, torso, and legs when performing an arabesque.
LINES
HORIZONTAL LINES – parallel to the ground - means to be at
rest
VERTICAL LINES – move straight up - means dignity and strength
EXAMPLES OF LINES
DIAGONAL LINES – lines that are leaning - means
uncomfortable
CURVED LINES – lines that seem to change directions.
- means graceful
EXAMPLES OF LINES
Zigzag Lines – combination of diagonal lines - means action, excitement,
confusion
EXAMPLES OF LINES
Surface quality of an objectThe texture is the quality of a surface or the
way any work of art is represented. Lines and shading can be used to create different textures as well. For example, if one is portraying certain fabrics, one needs to give the feeling of the right texture so that it closely resembles what the artist is trying to convey. It can be implied or real. What you can feel with your sense of touch.
TEXTURE
TACTILE TEXTURES – real textures, you can touch and feel
KINDS OF TEXTURES
ARTIFICIAL TEXTURES – human-made surface quality
KINDS OF TEXTURES
Visual Textures – revoked by a photograph or picture depicting an object
KINDS OF TEXTURES
*HILLS OF NIKKO BY JOSE JOYA
THIS PAINTING SHOWS A VISUAL TEXTURE*
Refers to an object with three dimension ( height, width and depth )
Form may be created by the forming of two or more shapes or as three-dimensional shape (cube, pyramid, sphere, cylinder, etc.). It may be enhanced by tone, texture and color. Form is considered three-dimensional showing height, width and depth. Examples of these are sculpture, theatre play and figurines.
FORM
EXAMPLES OF FORM
KAGANAPAN BY
ABUEVA
EXAMPLES OF FORM
Escaping Criticism
by Pere Borrel del
Caso
Refers to the distance or area within the objects Space is the area provided for a particular
purpose. Space includes the background, foreground and middle ground. Space refers to the distances or areas around, between or within components of a piece. There are two types of space: positive and negative space. Positive space refers to the space of a shape representing the subject matter. Negative space refers to the space around and between the subject matter. Space is also defined as the distance between identifiable points or planes in a work of art.
SPACE
HILLS OF NIKKO BY JOSE JOYA
THIS PAINTING
SHOWS AN ARTWORKS
WITH POSTIVE AND
NEGATIVE SPACE
Derived from reflected lightColor pertains to the use of hue in artwork and
design. Defined as primary colors (red, yellow, blue) which cannot be mixed in pigment from other hues, secondary colors (green, orange, violet) which are directly mixed from combinations of primary colors. Further combinations of primary and secondary colors create tertiary (and more) hues. Tint and Shade are references to adding variations in Value; other tertiary colors are derived by mixing either a primary or secondary color with a neutral color.
COLOR
Primary colors are sets of colors that can be combined to make a useful range of colors. For human applications, three primary colors are usually used, since human color vision is trichromatic.
PRIMARY COLORS
YELLOWREDBLUE
A secondary color is a color made by mixing two primary colors in a given color space.
SECONDARY COLORS
Hue – is the color’s name
Value – is the property of color concerned with the lightness of darkness of a hue
Intensity – is the brightness or dullness of a color
COLOR HAS THREE PROPERTIES
Colors opposite to each other on the color wheel
Red and Green are complementary colors
COMPLEMENTARY COLORS
Harmony of one color and its variations or different values of a single color.
A color scheme using dark blue, medium blue, light blue are monochromatic
MONOCHROMATIC COLOR SCHEME
Colors that are side by side on the color wheel and share a hue.
ANALOGOUS COLORS
Two – dimensional figure enclosed by a line.Shape pertains to the use of areas in two
dimensional space that can be defined by edges, setting one flat specific space apart from another. Shapes can be geometric (e.g.: square, circle, triangle, hexagon, etc.) or organic (such as the shape of a puddle, blob, leaf, boomerang, etc.) Shapes are defined by other elements of art: Space, Line, Texture, Value, Color, Form.
SHAPES
SQUARE, CIRCLE, TRIANGLE RECTANGLE, OVAL
Precise shapes
GEOMETRIC SHAPES
These are not regular or not even shapes
ORGANIC SHAPES
Elements of Music
Elements of Music
Basic Elements of music include rhythm, melody, dynamics, harmony, texture, form, color, and style.
Elements of Music• Rhythm- the most basic element of music is rhythm, the over-all movement
or swing.
Meters means measure and refers to the number of beats in a rhythmic unit,or measure.
Tempo refers to speed , whether the music moves fast or slowly.
Elements of Music• Melody
- by melody we mean an orderly succession of tones, or musical sounds.
- the smallest melodic unit is the motif, which expands into a phrase.
Elements of Music• Dynamics- the term dynamics refers to a force or percussive effects: degrees of loud and soft.
Elements of Music• Harmony- the simultaneous sounding of two or more tones results in harmony.
Tonality- interrelationship of keys. Polytonality - using several keys simultaneously.Atonality- having no key feeling.
Elements of Music• Texture- the term texture refers to the number of tones we are asked to apprehend simultaneously.
Elements of Music• Form- the form or structure is as necessary to a work of music as a blueprint to an architect or a pattern to a dressmaker.
Elements of Music• Color
- in music, color is the result of the difference in timbre (quality of tone) in the various instruments and voices.
The strings violin, viola, cello, and bass.
The woodwinds flute, piccolo, oboe, clarinet, and bassoon.
Elements of Music
The brasses trumpet, trombone, and tuba.
The percussion instruments drums, cymbals, triangle.
• Color
Elements of Music• Style
- each composer has his personal idiom, which differentiates his work from that of others, and he also reflects the style of the period in which he lives.
Elements of Dance
Dance is a way of knowing and communicating. All societies use dance to communicate on
both personal and cultural levels and to meet physical
and spiritual needs.
Dance, as with all the arts, has its own language. We need to learn this language in order to fully understand and appreciate the
world of Dance.
The Language of Dance
Elements: Time, Space and Force
Choreographic Forms: Theme and Variations, Rondo and Narrative
Styles: (characteristics of)Ballet, Tap, Jazz and
Modern
TIME: The relationship of one movement or part of a movement to another. Includes pulse, speed (or tempo), duration, rhythm, and phrases.
Pulse: the ongoing underlying beat
Tempo: The speed with which a movement is performed
Rhythm: a flow of sound or movement having regular accented beats; a movement or activity in which some action repeats regularly; patterns made by arranging long and short sounds or strong and light sounds
Duration: the length of time a movement lasts: a long time, short time or something in between
Syncopation: a temporary accenting of a normally weak beat in music to vary the rhythm
Phrasing: a grouping and articulation of a group of notes
Accent: a movement or shape performed in such a way as to give emphasis.
Elements
SPACE: the area of space occupied by the dancer’s body; includes direction, size, pathways, levels and shapes.
Direction: which way a dancer faces or moves; e.g., forward, backward, sideways, up and down
Size: magnitude of a body shape or movement; from small to large movements
Pathways: patterns made as a dancer moves through the air or on the floor (straight, vertical, horizontal, zig-zag); can be made with locomotor or non-locomotor movements, separately or in combination.
Levels: the vertical distance from the floor. Movements take place on three levels: high, middle or low and deep.
Shapes: the form created by the body’s position in space. Aspects of shape are open/closed, symmetrical/asymmetrical, angular and curved.
Elements
FORCE: (energy) degree of muscular tension and use of energy while moving.
Dynamics: how a movement is done
Flow: continuity of movement (bound/free flowing)
Weight: strength (force) lightness of movement (heavy/light)
Elements
Rondo: a dance structure with three or more themes where one theme is repeated. ABACAD
Theme: the basic idea of the play, which the author dramatizes through the conflict of characters.
Narrative: choreographic structure that follows a specific story line to convey specific information through a dance
Variations: contrasts in the use of the dance elements, repetitions.
Choreography is the art of arranging dances
Choreographic Forms
Styles (characteristics)Ballet: a classic form of dance growing out of the
French nobility. Its root is court dances.
It is known for its:
• standardized dance movements
• specialized leaps and lifts
•French terminology to describe each standardized movement
• Pointe shoes for women
• slippers for men
• costumes---tights, tutus
Styles (characteristics)Tap: is a percussive dance form in which dancers
produce sound by wearing shoes to which metal taps have been added. Tap dance, an American dance form which concentrates on footwork and rhythm, has roots
in African, Irish and English clogging traditions. Its roots lie in recreational dance (Irish Step dance, jig and
African steps).
It is known for:
• An emphasis on rhythm
• Tap shoes
• Costumes—formal to street wear
• Improvisation
Jazz: American music marked by lively rhythms with unusual accents and often including melodies made up by musicians as they play. It’s
roots are in social dances and early musical theatre dance.
It’s known for:• Stylized movement
• Accents in hands, head, hips and feet• English/French terminology to describe movements
• Jazz shoes or boots• Costume related to theme of dance
• Improvisation
Styles (characteristics)
Modern: a form of dance developed by dancers interested in breaking from
ballet traditions and expressing a more liberating form of movement. It expresses
complex emotions and abstract ideas.
It is known for:
• Freedom of movement
• Usually barefoot but can use shoes based on theme
• Costume related to dance theme
• Improvisation used in the development of choreography
Styles (characteristics)
Elements of Literature
Elements of Literature
Results from the communication of thoughts and feelings through consciously organized language.
Elements of LiteratureInspiration comes to the writer
of great literature in tree channels:
Through the SENSES
Through the EMOTIONS
Through the INTELLECT
Elements of Literature• Poetry
- (from the Greek poiesis - ποίησις -with a broad meaning of a "making", seen also in such terms as "hemopoiesis"; narrowly, the making of poetry) is a form of literary art which uses the
aesthetic qualities of language to evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, the prosaic ostensible meaning.
- Most concentrated form of writing.
Guiding principle in judging POETRY
Elements of Literature• Poetry
- Words are not actually informative but also evocative in that they call up the same response in us which inspired the poet, in short they make us share his experience.
- We must dig deeply if we would penetrate the depths the poet has sounded.
- When we speak of poetic rhythm we mean not the conventional meters but the entire thought and emotional flow of the poem.
Guiding principle in judging POETRY
Elements of Literature• Poetry
- In good poetry there must be a synthesis of content and design: that is balance between what is said and how it is said.
- The poetic mind expresses itself in images or, as Aristotle called them, METAPHORS, which clarify his experience.
Divisions of POETRY
Elements of Literature• Poetry
-Epic
Poetry
- Lyric Poetry
- Dramatic
Poetry
- Elegy
- Verse Fable
- Prose
Poetry- Speculative Poetry
Elements of Literature• Poetry
- Epic Poetry
This genre is often defined as lengthy poems concerning events of a heroic or important nature to the culture of the time. It recounts, in a continuous narrative, the life and works of a heroic or mythological or group of persons.
Elements of Literature• Poetry
- Epic Poetry
Examples of epic poems are:
Elements of Literature• Poetry
- Epic Poetry
Examples of epic poems are:
Elements of Literature• Poetry
- Lyric Poetry
A genre that, unlike epic and dramatic poetry, does not attempt to tell a story but instead is of a more personal nature. Poems in this genre tend to be shorter, melodic, and contemplative. Rather than depicting characters and actions, it portrays the poet's own feelings, states of mind, and perceptions.
Notable poets in this genre include John Donne, Gerard Manley Hopkins, and Antonio Machado.
Elements of Literature• Poetry
- Dramatic Poetry
Drama written in verse to be spoken or sung, and appears in varying, sometimes related forms in many cultures. Greek tragedy in verse dates to the 6th century B.C., and may have been an influence on the development of Sanskrit drama, just as Indian drama in turn appears to have influenced the development of the bianwen verse dramas in China, forerunners of Chinese Opera.
Elements of Literature• Poetry
- Dramatic Poetry
Examples of dramatic poetry in Persian literature:
Nizamis’ Khosrow and Shirin
Elements of Literature• Poetry
- Elegy
• A mournful, melancholy or plaintive poem, especially a lament for the dead or a funeral song.
• The term "elegy," which originally denoted a type of poetic meter (elegiac meter), commonly describesa poem of mourning.
• May also reflect something that seems to the author to be strange or mysterious.
•The elegy, as a reflection on a death, on a sorrow more generally, or on something mysterious, may be classified as a form of lyric poetry.
The fable is an ancient literary genre, often (though not invariably) set in verse. It is a succinct story that features anthropomorphized animals, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature that illustrate a moral lesson (a "moral"). Verse fables have used a variety of meter and rhyme patterns.
Elements of Literature• Poetry
- Verse Fable
is a hybrid genre that shows attributes of both prose and poetry. It may be indistinguishablefrom the micro-story (a.k.a. the "short short story", "flash fiction"). While some examples of earlier prose strike modern readers as poetic, prose poetryis commonly regarded as having originated in 19th-century France, where its practitionersincluded Aloysius Bertrand, Charles Baudelaire, Arthur Rimbaud and Stéphane Mallarmé.
Elements of Literature• Poetry
- Prose Poetry
Since the late 1980s especially, prose poetry has gained increasing popularity, with entire journals, such as The Prose Poem: An International Journal,Contemporary Haibun Online and Modern Haibun & Tanka Prose devoted to that genre.
Elements of Literature• Poetry
- Prose Poetry
Elements of Literature• Poetry
- Speculative Poetry
also known as fantastic poetry, (of which weird or macabre poetry is a major subclassification), is a poetic genre which deals thematically with subjects which are 'beyond reality', whether via extrapolation as in science fiction or via weird and horrific themes as in horror fiction. Such poetry appears regularly in modern science fiction and horror fiction magazines.
Edgar Allan Poe is sometimes seen as the "father of speculative poetry".
Elements of Literature• Novel
- is a book of long narrative in literary prose. The genre has historical roots both in the fields of the medieval and early modern romance and in the tradition of the novella. The latter supplied the present generic term in the late 18th century.
Elements of Literature• Short StoriesElements of the Short Story
The short story as an art form developed in early 19th Century.
Elements of Literature• Short Stories
Granville Hicks says that a good short story is “an attempt to make the reader share in a unique moment of insight.”
Elements of Literature• Essay
Elements of the Essay
The inventor of the essay was a sixteenth century Frenchman by the name of Montaigne.
Why do Essayist write?
Elements of Literature• Essay
What they write may be purely:
- Entertaining like James Ramsey Ullman’s “Victory on Everest”
- Provocative like Helen Keller’s “Three days to see”
- Informative like Stewart Edward White’s “On making Camp”
Elements of Literature• Essay
- Didactic like Howard Pease’s “Letter to a Fan”
