Chairman Dr. P. K. Sahoo

Principal Scientist

Bholuram GurjarM.Tech Scholar

IARI

Bholuram GurjarM.Tech Scholar

IARI

Seminar LeaderDr. Tapan kumar khura

Senior Scientist

YIELD LOSSYIELD LOSS

WeedsInsectsDiseases

The estimated crop loss was of the value of Rs 1,40,000 Crores / Year(Up to 37% of the total food production is lost)

The estimated crop loss was of the value of Rs 1,40,000 Crores / Year(Up to 37% of the total food production is lost)

(Pimentel and Levitan 2008)

Advantages of pesticides

Improving productivity

Protection of crop from losses/yield reduction

Quality of food

contamination of the environment

leaving residues in food

risk of poisoning of farm workers

Disadvantages

Spraying technology

High volume spraying High volume spraying

Low volume spraying Low volume spraying

Ultra low volume sprayingUltra low volume spraying

Parameter affecting sprayingParameter affecting spraying

Spray drift Spray drift

Physical movement of pesticide droplets or particles through the air at the time of pesticide application or soon thereafter from the target site to any non- or off-target site

(Bradley et al 2010)

Physical movement of pesticide droplets or particles through the air at the time of pesticide application or soon thereafter from the target site to any non- or off-target site

(Bradley et al 2010)

There are two kinds of drift:-

Particle drift is off-target movement of the spray particles

Vapor drift is the volatilization of the pesticide modules and their movement off target

There are two kinds of drift:-

Particle drift is off-target movement of the spray particles

Vapor drift is the volatilization of the pesticide modules and their movement off target

Drift ManagementDrift Management

Choose appropriate nozzle which can have better converge on surface with optimum size droplet

Choose appropriate nozzle which can have better converge on surface with optimum size droplet

Reducing the distance between target and nozzle is useful for decreasing drift Reducing the distance between target and nozzle is useful for decreasing drift

Some additive can be used at spraying chemical for reducing driftSome additive can be used at spraying chemical for reducing drift

The reduction in drift used electrostatic force on smaller droplets than the gravitational force

The reduction in drift used electrostatic force on smaller droplets than the gravitational force

ElEctrostatic sprayEr works on thE ElEctrostatic sprayEr works on thE principlE of coulomb's law principlE of coulomb's law

ElEctrostatic sprayEr works on thE ElEctrostatic sprayEr works on thE principlE of coulomb's law principlE of coulomb's law

Electrostatic force of attraction (F): F = q*E

+

+++

+

++

Electrostatic Charging System

Induction charging (5 to 20 kV)

corona charging (30 to 70 kV)

Direct charging (25 to 30 kV)

Induction charging (5 to 20 kV)

corona charging (30 to 70 kV)

Direct charging (25 to 30 kV)

Design and performance of inductive electrostatic sprayer

CASE STUDY -ICASE STUDY -I

Jai et al., 2013

Location: China

Objective: Design inductive electrostatic sprayer and evaluates their parameter

Charge to mass ratio Particle size Velocity of droplets Deposit rate of pesticide

Charge to mass ratioCharge to mass ratio

Faraday cylinder Faraday cylinder

Charge-to-mass ratio Charge-to-mass ratio

Voltage=20KV

Phase Doppler particles analyzer Phase Doppler particles analyzer

Droplet size of charged and uncharged droplets Droplet size of charged and uncharged droplets

Droplets size (μm) Uncharged droplets (μm)

Charged droplets (μm)

D10

28.1 18.2

D30

34.8 26.1

D43

59.2 50.0

Deposition rate Deposition rate

Particle size distribution of uncharged droplets Particle size distribution of uncharged droplets Particle size distribution of charged dropletsParticle size distribution of charged droplets

Particle size distribution Particle size distribution

Distribution of mean axial velocity of charged and uncharged droplets

Distribution of mean axial velocity of charged and uncharged droplets

Working pressure =0.3 MP

Charge-to-mass ratio increases with working pressureHigh-pressure e lectrostatic force can reduce the number and improve the distr ibution of droplet partic lesCharged droplets can also improve and enhance the uniformity of mean velocity distr ibution

Deposit ion rate of charged droplets is better than that of uncharged droplets

Effect of Electrostatic Induction Parameters on DropletsCharging for Agricultural Application

CASE STUDY -IICASE STUDY -II

Maynagh et al., 2009

Location: Iran

Objective: Evaluate and quantify the charging of droplets created

by an electrostatic sprayer

Experimental set up

N#1 N#2 N#3

N#4 N#5 N#6

9300)RPM( 10300)RPM( 11350)RPM( 12100)RPM( 13200)RPM( 14050)RPM(

14)ms-1( 14.9)ms-1( 17)ms-1( 20.2)ms-1( 21.6)ms-1( 23)ms-1(

Relationship between voltage and current for a 15 mm radius the electrode

Relationship between voltage and current for a 10 mm radius electrode

R=15 mm R=10 mm

Effect on current of distance between electrode and nozzle tip

Effect on current of distance between electrode and nozzle tip for R= 15. mm

L = Horizontal distance between electrode and nozzle tip (mm)

N#4=12100(rpm)

Effect of liquid flow rate on current Charge to mass ratio versus flow Rate

N#3=11350(rpm)

5 12

R=10mm, L=10mmR=10mm, L=10mm

Voltage on the e lectrode increases , more charge of the opposite s ign to that of the induction surface (e lectrode) is induced on the droplets

Slope of a portion of the curves between 1.5 to 3 kV is greater than that for the other parts for al l curves

Increasing l iquid f low rate, the charged current spray is f irst increased and then starts dropping

Increment in the relative number of droplets and weakening of the f ie ld through wetness of the e lectrode for l iquid f low rates of between 12 to 25 ml min -1

Optimum combination different parameters :Q= 5 ml min -1, V= 3 kV, L= 10 mm, N #4=12100(RPM), and R= 15 mm

ConclusionConclusion

High-pressure electrostatic force can reduce the number and improve

the distribution of droplet particles

Deposition rate of charged droplets is better than that of uncharged droplets (directional movement on the crops and affect the deposition rate on the underside of leaves)

Savings of pesticides for the farmers as well as to lesser environmental contamination

Thank you . . .